Improvement of hepatic fibrosis after tenofovir disoproxil fumarate switching to tenofovir alafenamide for three years

BACKGROUND Both tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)are the first-line treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We have showed switching from TDF to TAF for 96 weeks resulted in further alanine aminotransferase(ALT)improvement,but data remain lacking on the long-term benefits of TDF switching to TAF on hepatic fibrosis.AIM To assess the benefits of TDF switching to TAF for 3 years on ALT,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and hepatic fibrosis improvement in patients with CHB.METHODS A single center retrospective study on 53 patients with CHB who were initially treated with TDF,then switched to TAF to determine dynamic patterns of ALT,AST,AST to platelet ratio index(APRI),fibrosis-4(FIB-4)scores,and shear wave elastography(SWE)reading improvement at switching week 144,and the associated factors.RESULTS The mean age was 55(28-80);45.3%,males;15.1%,clinical cirrhosis;mean baseline ALT,24.8;AST,25.7 U/L;APRI,0.37;and FIB-4,1.66.After 144 weeks TDF switching to TAF,mean ALT and AST were reduced to 19.7 and 21,respectively.From baseline to switching week 144,the rates of ALT and AST<35(male)/25(female)and<30(male)/19(female)were persistently increased;hepatic fibrosis was also improved by APRI<0.5,from 79.2%to 96.2%;FIB-4<1.45,from 52.8%to 58.5%,respectively;mean APRI was reduced to 0.27;FIB-4,to 1.38;and mean SWE reading,from 7.05 to 6.30 kPa after a mean of 109 weeks switching.The renal function was stable and the frequency of patients with glomerular filtration rate>60 mL/min was increased from 86.5%at baseline to 88.2%at switching week 144.CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that switching from TDF to TAF for 3 years results in not only persistent ALT/AST improvement,but also hepatic fibrosis improvement by APRI,FIB-4 scores,as well as SWE reading,the important clinical benefits of long-term hepatitis B virus antiviral treatment with TAF.

Macrophage fumarate hydratase restrains mtRNA-mediated interferon production

Metabolic rewiring underlies the effector functions of macrophages1-3,but the mechanisms involved remain incompletely defined.Here,using unbiased metabolomics and stable isotope-assisted tracing,we show that an inflammatory aspartate argininosuccinate shunt is induced following lipopolysaccharide stimulation.The shunt,supported by increased argininosuccinate synthase(ASS1)expression,also leads to increased cytosolic fumarate levels and fumarate-mediated protein succination.Pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase(FH)further increases intracellular fumarate levels.

Progress in the Study of Vonoprazan Fumarate vs. Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disease, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been recommended as the first-line treatment for GERD. In recent years, studies on vonoprazan fumarate in the treatment of GERD have attracted widespread attention. In this paper, we review the research progress of vonoprazan fumarate and proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of GERD in recent years, and compare and analyze the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and advantages and disadvantages of long-term application of both. By reviewing the relevant literature, we found that vonoprazan fumarate has similar performance with proton pump inhibitors in terms of efficacy and safety, but has potential advantages in terms of tolerability and long-term application. Therefore, we believe that vonoprazan fumarate may become a new option for GERD treatment, helping clinicians to develop more appropriate treatment plans for patients and providing new ideas and directions for research in related fields.

Treatment with dimethyl fumarate ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury

To investigate the hypothesis that treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) may ameliorate liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI). METHODSRats were divided into 3 groups: sham, control (CTL), and DMF. DMF (25 mg/kg, twice/d) was orally administered for 2 d before the procedure. The CTL and DMF rats were subjected to ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), NO × metabolites, anti-oxidant enzyme expression level, anti-inflammatory effect, and anti-apoptotic effect were determined. RESULTSHistological tissue damage was significantly reduced in the DMF group (Suzuki scores: sham: 0 ± 0; CTL: 9.3 ± 0.5; DMF: 2.5 ± 1.2; sham vs CTL, P < 0.0001; CTL vs DMF, P < 0.0001). This effect was associated with significantly lower serum ALT (DMF 5026 ± 2305 U/L vs CTL 10592 ± 1152 U/L, P = 0.04) and MDA (DMF 18.2 ± 1.4 μmol/L vs CTL 26.0 ± 1.0 μmol/L, P = 0.0009). DMF effectively improved the ATP content (DMF 20.3 ± 0.4 nmol/mg vs CTL 18.3 ± 0.6 nmol/mg, P = 0.02), myeloperoxidase activity (DMF 7.8 ± 0.4 mU/mL vs CTL 6.0 ± 0.5 mU/mL, P = 0.01) and level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (DMF 0.38 ± 0.05-fold vs 0.17 ± 0.06-fold, P = 0.02). The higher expression levels of anti-oxidant enzymes (catalase and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and lower levels of key inflammatory mediators (nuclear factor-kappa B and cyclooxygenase-2 were confirmed in the DMF group. CONCLUSIONDMF improved the liver function and the anti-oxidant and inflammation status following I/RI. Treatment with DMF could be a promising strategy in patients with liver I/RI.

The Electrocatalytic Activity of Bare Pyrolytic Graphite and Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Sensors Is Same for the Quantification of Bisoprolol Fumarate

A comparison of voltammetric behavior of bisoprolol fumarate (BF) at edge and basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes (EPPGE/BPPGE) has been made with single wall carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon. The electrochemical properties are investigated exercising the cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Enhanced peak current associated with bisoprolol fumarate oxidation at EPPGE is due to its better electron transfer property. Quantification of bisoprolol fumarate was carried out at pH 7.2 at both the pyrolytic graphite electrodes. Well-defined peak has been observed at ~ 792 and 954 mV at EPPGE and BPPGE respectively for bisoprolol fumarate oxidation. The detection limit is found to be 2.8 × 10–7 M and 7.3 × 10–7 M for EPPGE and BPPGE respectively. A comparison of common quantification parameters for bisoprolol at carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode and bare BPPGE and EPPGE has been made and it is observed that carbon naotube modified glassy carbon exhibits sensitivity and detection limit close to that observed at bare basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode. The method developed is applicable for determination of bisoprolol fumarate in pharmaceutical preparations and real samples.

Fumarate hydratase inactivation in renal tumors: HIF1α, NRF2, and "cryptic targets" of transcription factors

Biallelic inactivation of fumarate hydratase (FH) causes type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC2), uterine fibroids, and cutaneous leimyomas, a condition known as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). The most direct effect of FH inactivation is intracellular fumarate accumulation. A majority of studies on FH inactivation over the past decade have focused on the theory that intracellular fumarate stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) through competitive inhibition of HIF prolyl hydroxylases. Recently, a competing theory that intracellular fumarate activates nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) through post-translational modification of its negative regulator. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) has emerged from a computational modeling study and mouse model studies. This review dissects the origin of these two governing theories and highlights the presence of chromatin-structure-regulated targets of transcription factors, which we refer to as "cryptic targets" of transcription factors. One such cryptic target is heme oxygenase I (HMOX1), the expression of which is known to be modulated by the gene product of SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4, also known as BRG1).

Effect of dimethyl fumarate on rats with chronic pancreatitis

Objective:To discuss the effect of dimethyl fumarate(DMF) on rats with L-arginine induced chronic pancreatitis(CP).Methods:Male Wistar rats were given DMF treatment(25 mg/kg) by oral lavage method;then Wistar rats were given the intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine for 5times(250 mg/100 kg,twice per time,each interval of 1 h) for building of CP model.Rats were divided into control group,CP group,DMF group and CP+DMF group.Rats in CP+DMF group were given the oral intragastric administration of DMF(25 mg/kg),while rats in control group and CP group were given the equal volume of normal saline.The weight of rats was evaluated and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed(IPGTT,2 g/kg).The islet of rats was isolated and then flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the quality and activity of islets.Meanwhile,the histology of non-endocrine tissues and levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO) and malondialdchyde(MDA) were detected.Results:Compared with control group,the weight of rats in CP group was significantly reduced at week 2,4 and 6;the blood glucose significantly increased,AUC increased,the histopathological scores of pancreatic atrophy,acinar injury,edema and cellular infiltration increased,levels of MDA and MPO increased,the islet equivalent and islet activity decreased at 0.30,60,120 and 180 min.Compared with CP group,the weight of rats in CP+DMF group significantly increased at week 2,4 and 6;the blood glucose significantly decreased.AUC decreased,the histopathological scores of pancreatic atrophy,acinar injury,edema and cellular infiltration decreased,levels of MDA and MPO decreased,the islet equivalent and islet activity increased at 0,30.60,120 and 180 min.Conclusions:DMF treatment can improve CP induced by L-argininc and islet function in rats.

Effects of Ferrous Fumarate on Growth Performance,Blood Biochemical Parameters and Trace Elements of Oncorhynchus mykiss

[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the effects of ferrous fumarate on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and content of trace element of Oncorhynchus mykiss. [ Method ] Juvenile rainbow trout with an initial weight of （89.2 ±0.2） g were fed with the basal fodder supplemented with different levels of ferrous fumarate （0, 20, 40, 80,160 and 480 mg/kg iron） for 60 d, and the six groups were named DO, D20, D40, D80, D160 and D480, wherein DO was as the control group, actually containing 62.60, 79.50, 99.60, 139.30, 215.20 and 538.40 mg/kg iron respectively. [ Result] The growth performance of juvenile rainbow trout was not affected by different dietary iron levels obviously （ P 〉 0.05）. With the increase of dietary iron level, hemoglobin （Hb） content and number of red blood cells（RBC） rose firstly and then leveled off. No significance was found in hematocrit （Hct） among the six groups （P 〉0.05）. Iron content in the whole body, vertebrae and muscle increased significantly with the improvement of dietary iron level（ P 〈0.05）, and iron concentration in the liver increased firstly and then leveled off in groups from D40 to D480. No significant difference in zinc content of the whole body was found among the six groups （ P〉0.05）, while zinc content in the vertebrae and muscle in control group was significantly higher than that of other groups （ P〈0.05）, and zinc concentration in the liver in groups DO and 1320 was significantly higher than that of other groups （ P 〈0.05）. Copper content in the whole body increased significantly with the increase of dietary iron level （P 〈 0.05 ）, while no significant difference was observed in the vertebrae （ P 〉0.05）, and copper concentration in the muscle in control group was significantly lower than that of other groups （ P 〈0.05）. Serum lysozyme （LZM） activity of group DO was significantly lower than that of other groups （ P 〈 0.05） except for group D480 （ P 〉 0.05）. Catalase （CAT） activity of serum enhanced significantly （ P 〈 0.05） from DO to EH0 and then decreased obviously （P 〈0.05）. [ Conclusion] Based on hemoglobin and iron content in the liver, the broken-line model analysis showed that the dietary iron level provided by ferrous fumarate for juvenile rainbow trout was estimated to be 99.8 and 100.4 mg/kg respectively in the experiment.

Aqueous Diels-Alder Reactions of Cyclopentadicnc with Symmetric Diester of Fumarate or Maleate

Symmetric, diesters of cis- or trans- bicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylate were prepared by aqueous Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with symmetric diester of fumarate or maleate.

Determination of Bisoprolol Fumarate by Fluorescence Quenching Method

[Objectives]To establish a new method for indirect determination of bisoprolol fumarate based on fluorescence quenching technology.[Methods]In ammonia water and ammonium chloride buffer solution at pH=9.2,whenλexcitation=277 nm andλemission=596 nm,with the increase of CCu2+,the fluorescence signal intensity of bisoprolol fumarate weakened,and the difference between the fluorescence intensity of bisoprolol fumarate itself and the fluorescence intensity of the test solution after the quencher Cu2+was added(ΔF)and Cbisoprolol fumarate showed a good linear relationship.[Results]In the range of 15.39-76.93μg/mL,ΔF=146.7 Cbisoprolol fumarate+482.1,r=0.9988,and the detection limit is 0.1391μg/mL.[Conclusions]The fluorescence quenching method has been applied to the determination of actual samples with a recovery rate of 99.9%and an RSD of 2.7%.The results are satisfactory.

Pre-Formulation Development of Lamivudine 300 mg and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) 300 mg Fixed Dose Combination Tablets

Introduction: In this study, physical and chemical characteristics of Lamivudine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) and potential excipients were systematically followed and documented [1]. Objective: The objective of this scientific work was to carry out pre-formulation studies including compatibility studies on Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate with their potential excipients prior a direct compression process [2]. Methodology: The interaction was studied in three set of environments namely uncontrolled room conditions for Zone VI b (30°C ± 2°C), oven conditions in which the oven was set at 50°C and accelerated climatic conditions in which a climatic chamber was set at 40°C ± 2°C/75% ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH %). Sample preparation was done by mixing the amount of formulation excipients to active substances at a ratio of 1:10, whereas active substance to another active substance at a ratio of 1:1, active substance to coating materials at 1:4, coating materials to the whole set of excipients 1:4. The whole set of samples was geometrically mixed and triturated by mortar and pestle to very fine uniform powder to ensure homogeneity of the mixture. HPLC analytical method was used for simultaneous quantitative determination of lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Transmittance of the mixture was determined by Near Infra-Red (NIR) technique. Results: The amount of Lamivudine as on day 0 was comparable to day 90 for in all tested conditions (Room, Oven and Climatic Chamber), whereas for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate only the amount of the drug at Room (30°C ± 2°C) was comparable to results on day 90. A significant drop of amount of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) exposed to moisture (Climatic chamber at 40°C ± 2°C/75% ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH %)) and temperature of 50°C was observed. Colour change was observed for samples subjected to moisture (Climatic chamber at 40°C ± 2°C/75% ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH %)) and as well picked up in the NIR region 400 to 1500 cm-1 (Finger print region) by a significant shift in Transmittance. Conclusion: It can be concluded that microcrystalline cellulose, cross linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium stearate and sodium carbxymethyl cellulose can be compressed together with Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) to produce a pharmaceutically acceptable solid dosage form, tablet. The produced tablets should be packed in moisture and light protective containers as Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) has diester linkages which can be hydrolysed into the active drug Tenofovir in the presence of moisture.

Protective effect and mechanism of clemastine fumarate on acute lung injury in mice with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion

Objective:To evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of clemastine fumarate(CLE)on acute lung injury(ALI)in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)mice.Methods:Twenty-four SPF Balb/c mice were randomly divided into sham operation group(sham group),ischemia-reperfusion group(I/R group),and clemastine fumarate pretreatment group(I/R+C group).In the I/R group,an intestinal ischemia-reperfusion model was established(ischemia for 40 minutes,reperfusion for 2 hours).In the I/R+C group,CLE 5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected before the operation.Lung tissue morphology was observed and scored by HE staining;and the ratios of wet weight to dry weight(W/D)were recorded.the levels of MDA,SOD,GSH-px,NF-κB and TNF-αin lung tissue of each group were determined by ELISA;Western blot method was used to determine the expression of TLR4 protein in lung tissue.Results:Compared with the Sham group,the I/R group had significantly higher lung tissue injury score and wet/dry ratio(P<0.05),increased lung tissue MDA level(P<0.05),decreased SOD and GSH-px levels(P<0.05),and increased NF-κB and TNF-αlevels,the expression of TLR4 protein in lung tissue increased(P<0.05);compared with the I/R group,the lung tissue injury score and wet/dry ratio of the I/R+C group decreased(P<0.05),the level of MDA in lung tissue decreased(P<0.05),the levels of SOD and GSH-px increased(P<0.05),and the levels of NF-κB and TNF-毩decreased(P<0.05),the expression of TLR4 protein in lung tissue decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Clemastine fumarate can alleviate acute lung injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in mice,and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in lung tissue.

Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Ivory Coast

Little data exist on patients treated with tenofovir in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with viral hepatitis B treated with tenofovir. Material and methods: A descriptive single-center retrospective study, on chronic viral hepatitis B mono-infected, followed in the hepatogastroenterology department of the University Hospital of Yopougon and treated with tenofovir from February 2012 to February 2015. The studied parameters were demographic, clinical, biochemical, serological, virological, abdominal ultrasound. Liver fibrosis was assessed either by liver biopsy or non-invasive tests. Results: 110 patients were treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with a mean age of 40.4 years and a male predominance. Clinical examination revealed jaundice in 9% of cases, hepatomegaly in 7.3% of cases, splenomegaly in 9.1% of cases and ascites in 15.5% of cases. The AST averaged 77.3 IU/l, the ALT 76.8 IU/l, prothrombin rate at 76.6% , albumin level at 32.3 g/l, total bilirubin at 29.9 g/l, alpha fetoprotein rate at 15.3 ng/ml. HBe antigen was negative in 76.2% of cases. The average rate of DNA at baseline was 7.4 log10 IU/l. 27.5% was cirrhotic. The average time of starting treatment was 23.7 months. Conclusion: TDF is the first-line treatment for chronic hepatitis B in our country, because it is a well-tolerated, potent therapy with a high threshold for resistance development. Our study population had an average age of 40.4 years. Virological profile was dominated by HBe antigen negative patients and high viral load of HVB DNA. One third of patients were at the stage of cirrhosis. This treatment must be delivered free of charge in all the country hospitals, which is going to improve significantly the natural evolution of the disease and to decrease the incidence of the HCC.

欧洲药品评审局批准Aclidinium Bromide—Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate复方制剂上市

欧洲药品评审局（EMA）于2014年11月19Et批准艾美罗（Almirall）公司的Aclidinium Bromide-Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate（参考译名：阿地溴铵一富马酸福莫特罗，商品名：Duaklir Genuair、Brimica Genuair）粉雾剂上市，作为成人慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的维持治疗。

复方栀子根颗粒联合替诺福韦酯对慢性乙型肝炎患者血清细胞因子水平的影响

目的:观察复方栀子根颗粒联合替诺福韦酯(TDF)治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的临床疗效及对细胞因子的影响。方法:纳入CHB初治患者80例,采用临床随机对照研究,除去脱落及剔除病例,共纳入分析75例(治疗组35例、对照组40例)。对照组患者给予口服TDF,治疗组患者在对照组基础上加用复方栀子根颗粒,两组患者均在治疗4周、24周时比较肝功能(ALT、AST、GGT)变化,在治疗24周比较病毒学指标(HBV DNA、HBsAg、HBeAg)、细胞因子(IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、IL-23)水平及临床疗效判定。结果:两组患者治疗24周后肝功能、病毒学指标、细胞因子水平均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05)。组间比较,治疗4周后治疗组转氨酶下降水平更低,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.90,P=0.004;Z=-3.26,P=0.001;Z=-2.24,P=0.025);治疗组24周时IL-6、IL-23水平较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.14,P=0.033;Z=-2.10,P=0.036);治疗组总有效率97.14%(34/35),对照组95.00%(38/40),治疗组总有效率高于对照组(χ2=9.49,P=0.019);治疗组较对照组不良反应更少,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.19,P=0.044)。结论:复方栀子根颗粒联合TDF治疗早期能更快降低转氨酶水平,降低促炎细胞因子水平及提高临床综合疗效优于单用TDF,并减轻临床不良反应。

富马酸丙酚替诺福韦对高病毒载量慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染母婴阻断的分析

目的对比富马酸丙酚替诺福韦(TAF)、富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯(TDF)用于慢性乙肝病毒(HBV)感染的高病毒载量母婴阻断有效性及安全性。方法前瞻性选取高病毒载量孕妇116例,分为TAF组(56例)和TDF组(60例),在第24~28孕周开始服药,两组均分别在24~28孕周、32~36孕周及分娩时检测HBV DNA、HBsAg和HBeAg,新生儿分别在出生时、7月龄时检测HBV DNA、HBsAg和HBeAg。结果分娩时两组孕妇血清HBV DNA降至2.0×10~5 IU/mL以下的病例数,TAF组占92.9%,TDF组占95%;TAF组57例新生儿(1例为双胞胎),出生时HBsAg阳性4例,占7.01%,HBV DNA阳性1例,占1.75%,TDF组60例新生儿,出生时HBsAg阳性2例,占3.33%,HBV DNA均阴性。两组新生儿7月龄时HBsAg、HBV DNA均阴性,均产生抗HBs,阻断成功率100%,两组孕妇均未见明显不良反应,新生儿出生时、28、48、96周均未见明显生长发育障碍。结论TAF用于慢性HBV感染的高病毒载量的母婴阻断有效且安全。

液相色谱-质谱联用法测定双相情感障碍患者血浆中富马酸喹硫平的药物浓度

目的:开发一种简单快速测定富马酸喹硫平在双相情感障碍患者血浆中药物浓度的液相色谱-质谱联用法。方法:色谱柱Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱(3.0 mm×50 mm,2.5μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱;流速0.6 mL·min^(-1);柱温40℃;进样器温度10℃;进样量2μL。精密吸取血浆样品50μL,加入含有内标溶液的样品萃取液200μL,涡旋混合90 s,12000 r·min^(-1)离心10 min,吸取上清液,经0.22μm针头式过滤器过滤后进样测定,采用内标法进行定量分析。结果:喹硫平的血药浓度在50~1000 ng·mL^(-1)的范围内线性关系良好(Y=0.00583X-0.0321,r=0.9996)。LLOQ、LQC、MQC和HQC的日内和日间精密度的RSD值均<15.0%,准确度在理论浓度的±10%内,提取回收率,RSD值均<15.0%,室温、短期、长期和冻融冻存稳定性均较好(RSD<15%)。114例患者的平均血药浓度为(53.68±120.45)ng·mL^(-1)。结论:该方法灵敏度高、特异性强,能够满足临床实时准确快速检测富马酸喹硫平血药浓度的需求。

改性松浦支渠疏浚底泥吸附重金属离子的研究

中国河流每年产生大量的疏浚底泥,大量堆积不仅占用土地资源,而且对环境还有很大的影响。底泥的二次利用显得尤为重要,基于以废制废的原则,提高底泥资源化利用的价值,以松花江松浦支渠疏浚底泥为目标,对其进行资源利用。首先以丙烯酸、富马酸为原料,以过硫酸铵为引发剂制备聚AA-FA,以磷酸氢二钠中和制得聚AA-FA磷酸盐。利用聚AA-FA磷酸盐对热解的疏浚底泥进行改性,制备得到聚AA-FA改性松浦支渠疏浚底泥。研究发现聚AA-FA改性松浦支渠疏浚底泥对于重金属离子具有较强的吸附作用。在添加量质量分数为9%时脱除离子的能力最高可达到99%,脱除不同离子的能力由大到小顺序为Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Cr^(3+)。

食品中富马酸二甲酯测定方法研究现状

富马酸二甲酯因其防霉、保鲜效果好,在食品中被广泛应用。然而,富马酸二甲酯食用过多,会导致健康损害,已被列入我国第二批食品中可能违法添加的非食用物质名单。因富马酸二甲酯价格便宜,仍屡次被使用,并引发一系列食品安全问题,随着人们对食品安全和健康的关注不断增加,富马酸二甲酯引起了公众的关注,检测食品中富马酸二甲酯含量变得至关重要。本文主要对食品中富马酸二甲酯的提取方法和仪器检测方法研究现状进行阐述,为建立快速测定食品中富马酸二甲酯方法提供理论参考。