Global CO_(2) concentration change induced by“trigger-connectors”model,especially since about 24 Ma?A preliminary hypothesis

Background,aim,and scope The tectonic uplift of the Cenozoic Tibetan Plateau has produced a chain effect,which is an excellent location for Earth system science research,and its uplift process,mechanism and environmental effects are the hot spot and frontier of the current research.The“Tibetan Plateau uplift-weathering-CO_(2) concentration-global climate change”model was put forward by Raymo and Ruddiman to interpret the Late Cenozoic climate change.However,there are still some questions suspended,such as does the weathering of the Tibetan Plateau have the ability to control the global climate?How to explain the modern-like global CO_(2) concentration starting at about 24 Ma?Here,a short space was taken to present a brainstorm about the above questions on account of existing geological pieces of evidence.Materials and methods In this paper,we integrate the formation and evolution of the Yangtze River and Pearl River,the origin and development of the Asian inland aridification-monsoon system,the Cenozoic tectonic uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau,and the westerly winds to discuss and analyze the relationship between the Cenozoic CO_(2) concentration changes and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and why the CO_(2) concentration similar to the present was formed at about 24 Ma.Results Similar correspondence of the surface uplift history of Xizang,other global mountains,and the declining CO_(2) concentration could support the theory Tibetan Plateau weathering inf luences CO_(2) concentration.Starting from 24 Ma,the most important character was the uplift and erosion of Xizang and Himalaya,collaborating with Ocean Iron Fertilization(OIF)together as an entity to control the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration because the great Asian rivers,Asian monsoons,and westerlies connected Xizang and surrounded seas together through materials transportation.Discussion Paleogeographic reconstructions from 40 Ma to 20 Ma illustrate that the main topographic change occurred in the Andes,Cordillera orogenic belt,and Xizang.We comprise a comprehensive set of evidence from independent data,which correspond temporally with the tipping point(about 24 Ma)of the atmospheric CO_(2) and we noticed that modern-like Asia monsoon,inland aridity,Asian great rivers,and climate zone formed at about 24 Ma and also there are tectonic activities for the Andes and Rockies.We raised the possibility that the modern-like atmospheric CO_(2) concentration at about 24 Ma was caused by the above geological factors.Here the rivers,monsoon,and westerlies are termed as“connectors”.In addition,these Asian rivers originated from Xizang,the monsoon,and inner Asian aridification are strongly a function of the uplift and growth of Xizang,thus,Xizang here is named as“trigger”.The distinct character of“trigger-connectors”model is that this not only takes the monsoon,westerlies,and the global great rivers into consideration but also expands the range which inf luences atmospheric CO_(2) concentration,from local points to a vast area since about 24 Ma,such as from Tibetan Plateau to Asia,including surrounded seas,after about 24 Ma.However,because the opening of the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Antarctic periphery straits is highly coincident with the onset of modern-like global atmospheric CO_(2) concentration,we are forced to consider that they also had a significant impact on the reduction of atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations at this time.Conclusions“Trigger-connectors”was put forward to explain the Cenozoic CO_(2) variation,especially modern-like global CO_(2) concentration since about 24 Ma.Recommendations and perspectives Here we use the“trigger-connectors”model to explain the formation of modern-like CO_(2) concentrations starting at about 24 Ma,but there are still some problems.The most important premise for the“trigger-connectors”model is the constructed Cenozoic CO_(2) concentration record is reliable,which is the foundation of our hypothesis.In the future,potential improvements should focus on topographic reconstructions of Xizang and the global mountains.Here we have concentrated on Xizang in the considered timeslices but still,pay less attention to other global orogenic belts.Collaborations with geologist experts in those regions could provide valuable feedback to evaluate their potential role of them in CO_(2) evolution.What is more,considerable progress may be achieved with the addition and consideration of more and new geological data.

Insight into MgO promoter with low concentration for the carbon-deposition resistance of Ni-based catalysts in the CO_2 reforming of CH_4

The CO2reforming of CH4is studied over MgO‐promoted Ni catalysts,which were supported on alumina prepared from hydrotalcite.This presents an improved stability compared with non‐promoted catalysts.The introduction of the MgO promoter was achieved through the‘‘memory effect’’of the Ni‐Al hydrotalcite structure,and ICP‐MS confirmed that only0.42wt.%of Mg2+ions were added into the Ni‐Mg/Al catalyst.Although no differences in the Ni particle size and basicity strength were observed,the Ni‐Mg/Al catalyst showed a higher catalytic stability than the Ni/Al catalyst.A series of surface reaction experiments were used and showed that the addition of a MgO promoter with low concentration can promote CO2dissociation to form active surface oxygen arising from the formation of the Ni‐MgO interface sites.Therefore,the carbon‐resistance promotion by nature was suggested to contribute to an oxidative environment around Ni particles,which would increase the conversion of carbon residues from CH4cracking to yield CO on the Ni metal surface.?2018,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

不同矿浆温度下Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿可浮性的影响

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。通过单矿物浮选实验、浮选溶液化学、Zeta电位、XPS,研究了不同矿浆温度下Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿浮选效果的影响机理,结果表明:低温能够明显抑制黄铁矿的浮选,且温度降低能够明显弱化Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿浮选的抑制作用。当矿浆温度从20℃降至5℃时,矿浆中带电粒子运动速度减慢,Zeta电位增大,生成氢氧化钙镁沉淀的临界pH值增大,纯水矿浆中黄铁矿表面的FeO/OH的比例减小,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)矿浆中黄铁矿表面FeO/OH含量的降低幅度减小,减少了黄铁矿表面的氧化程度和活性吸附位点,减少了Ca^(2+)、Ca(OH)+,Mg^(2+)和Mg(OH)+等离子在黄铁矿表面的吸附;但低温并不改变Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)在黄铁矿表面的存在形式和吸附状态,pH值为9时,钙镁均以Ca^(2+)、Ca(OH)+、Mg^(2+)、Mg(OH)+的形式存在并吸附在黄铁矿表面。

Effects of Controlled Atmospheres with High_O_2 or High_CO_2 Concentrations on Postharvest Physiology and Storability of "Napoleon" Sweet Cherry

Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) + (2% -4%) CO(2)) and in air (control) at 1 degreesC to investigate the effects of different O(2) and CO(2) concentrations on physiological properties, quality and storability of the fruits during storage. The results indicated that compared with other treatments, CA with high O(2) concentration decreased fruit decay and ethanol content, but increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and stimulated browning. CA with high CO(2) concentration inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced MDA content, maintained vitamin C content and firmness, decreased fruit decay and browning. Soluble solids contents (SSC) were not significantly affected by different atmosphere treatments. 'Napoleon' fruits stored in 5% O(2) + 10% CO(2) for as long as 80 d were of good quality, but only 40, 20 and 30 d stored in MAP, 70% O(2) + 0% CO(2) and air, re-spectively.

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN LEAF TO ELEVATED CO_2 CONCENTRATION

The effects of CO 2 concentration on the morphological and anatomical characters of soybean (Glycine max) leaf were investigated by means of light microscopy and SEM.It was noticed that exomorphology did not show dramatic change,while stomatal density decreased with increasing CO 2 concentration.Under SEM,no epicuticular wax was observed on both abaxial and adaxial sides of the control group as well as on adaxial side of the treatment group.However,leaf surface of abaxial side was noticed to be densely covered with microasterisk epicuticular wax when they were exposed to CO 2 enriched environment.The epicuticular wax deposition was present in equal abundance on both stomatal and nonstomatal areas.Furthermore,leaf thickness increased significantly due largely to the origin of an extra layer of palisade in the treatment group.The results confirmed that CO 2 enrichment might enhance cell division and induce greater quantity of epicuticular wax.

Effects of Ca^(2+)concentrations on accumulations of mineral elements in the components of Pteroceltis tatarinowii

The bark of Pteroce/tis tatarinowii is a raw material for manufacturing XuanPaper. The effects of Ca^(2+) concentrations on the accumulation of mineral elements in the bark,leaf and root of Pteroceltis tatarinowii were studied under controlled conditions. The types ofHoagland nutrient solution with three Ca^(2+) concentrations levels (200, 400 and 600 μg·g^(-1))and a control (without Ca^(2+)) were designed to culture Pteroceltis tatarinowii. After 6 months,contents of seven mineral elements including Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Na in the root, leaf and barkwere analyzed. The results indicated that Ca accumulations content in the root, leaf and bark hadpositively relation with Ca^(2+) concentrations (200, 400, 600 μg · g^(-1)), and the order of theCa content in the three components was root>leaf>bark. Ca content in the root treated with 600 μg·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations was 5.5 times as high as that of the control, and about 1.4 times ashigh as that of the root treated in 200 and 400 μg/g Ca^(2+) concentrations respectively. On thecontrary, K and Mg contents in the root, leaf and bark were negatively related to Ca^(2+)concentrations, especially in the bark, and their accumulation trend followed the order ofleaf>root>bark. K content in the bark treated with 600 μg ·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations was 39.3%of that of the control, and was 79.0% and 91.8% of that of the bark treated with 200 μg ·g^(-1)and 400 μg ·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations respectively; Mg content in the bark treated with 600μg ·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations was 23.4% of that of the control, and was 27.1% and 35.4% ofthat of the bark treated with 200 and 400 μg·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations respectively. Comparedwith the control, the general tendency of Mn, Zn and Cu content decreased with increasing of Ca^(2+)concentrations and their contents were in the order: root>leaf>bark. Based on the results of thisstudy, the experiment has been useful for providing academic bases in improving the bark quality ofPteroceltis tatarinowii on non-limestone soil.

Effects of Doubled_CO_2 Concentration on Ultrastructure, Supramolecular Architecture and Spectral Characteristics of Chloroplasts from Wheat

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants were grown under ambient and doubled_CO 2(plus 350 μL/L) concentration in cylindrical open_top chamber to examine their effects on the ultrastructure, supramolecular architecture, absorption spectrum and low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectrum of the chloroplasts from wheat leaves. The results were briefly summarized as follows: (1) The wheat leaves possessed normally developed chloroplasts with intact grana and stroma thylakoid membranes; The grana intertwined with stroma thylakoid membranes and increased slightly in stacking degree and the width of granum, in spite of more accumulated starch grains within the chloroplasts than those in control; (2) The particle density in the stacked region of the endoplasmic fracture face (EFs) and protoplasmic fracture face (PFs) and in the unstacked region the endoplasmic fracture face (EFu) and the protoplasmic fracture face (PFu) was significantly higher than that of control. Furthermore, in some cases many more particles on EFs faces of thylakoid membranes appeared as a paracrystalline particle array; (3) The variations in the structure of chloroplasts were consistent with the absorption spectra and the low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectra of the chloroplasts developed under the doubled_CO 2 concentration. Results indicate that the capability of light energy absorption of chloroplasts and regulative capability of excitation energy distribution between PSⅡ and PSⅠ were raised by doubled_CO 2 concentration. This is very favorable for final productivity of wheat.

RELATIONSHIPS OF STARCH CONCENTRATION WITH SPECIFIC LEAF WEIGHT AND MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS IN POTATO LEAVES UNDER VARIED CO_2 AND TEMPERATURE

Foliar concentrations of starch and major nutrients N, P, K, Ca, and Mg along with specific leaf weight (SLW) were determined in the potato (Solanun tuberosum L.) cvs "Denali", "Norland "'and "Russet Burbank" grown for 35 days under the CO2 concentrations of 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 mol mol-1 at both 16 and 20℃ air temperature. The starch concentration, pooled from the three cultivars, increased with increasing CO2 concentration at both 16 and 20℃,, and was consistently higher at 16℃ than at 20℃. The SLW (g m-2) was positively related to the foliar starch concentration on the basis of leaf area or dry weight. The concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in leaves were negatively related to starch concentration under 14% starch on a dry weight basis. Above 14%, there was no significant relationship between nutrient and starch concentrations . The similar patterns were seen when the SLW and nutrient concentrations were expressed on a starch-free basis. In contrast, the leaf concentration of K was not closely related to the starch concentration. The results indicated that the changes in SLW and concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in potato leaves only partially resulted from the changed starch concentration.

Prediction of SO_2 Concentration in Urban Atmosphere Based on B-P Neural Network

Base on the principle and method of B-P neural network,the prediction model of SO2 concentration in urban atmosphere was established by using the statistical data of a city in southwest China from 1991 to 2009,so as to forecast atmospheric SO2 concentration in a city of southwest China.The results showed that B-P neural network applied in the prediction of SO2 concentration in urban atmosphere was reasonable and efficient with high accuracy and wide adaptability,so it was worthy to be popularized.

可生物降解Zn-2Ag-0.04Mg合金生物相容性及体内骨再生能力的动物实验研究

目的:采用动物实验的方式,分析可生物降解Zn-2Ag-0.04Mg合金生物相容性及体内骨再生能力。方法:将30只实验兔随机均分为Zn支架组、Zn-2Ag支架组和Zn-2Ag-0.04Mg支架组(每组10只),建立兔股骨缺损模型后,分别使用不同材料的支架固定,术后6周及术后6个月,取出部分大白兔股骨,使用Micro-CT对股骨远端入口周围直径为3 mm的区域进行扫描和三维重建,分析支架体内成骨性能,使用X线观察局部骨缺损愈合情况,并观察股骨组织学情况。结果:入组实验兔实验中未出现异常行为及死亡现象,伤口均愈合良好,无感染及渗出情况出现;二维和三维显微CT结果显示,Zn-2Ag-0.04Mg支架组的新生骨明显多于Zn支架组,Zn-2Ag-0.04Mg合金支架组的骨体积更大(P<0.05);Zn-2Ag-0.04Mg支架组的成骨指数也高于Zn支架组(P<0.05);术后6个月时,Zn-2Ag-0.04Mg组的支架比Zn组或Zn-2Ag组小(P<0.05);肝脏、肾脏和心脏的HE染色未检测到任何异常,证实了Zn-2Ag-0.04Mg合金支架的生物安全性。结论:Zn-2Ag-0.04Mg支架具有良好的生物相容性和体内骨再生能力,具有较好的临床应用前景。

部分浸泡再生混凝土Mg^(2+)-SO_(4)^(2-)-Cl^(-)复合盐侵蚀耐久性损伤特征与机制

为系统研究与揭示西北地区部分掩埋再生混凝土(RAC)结构耐久性损伤特征与机制,以浓度为20%的复合盐溶液为侵蚀介质,开展了14种掺辅助胶凝材料RAC部分浸泡于复合盐溶液的耐久性试验,综合分析RAC动弹性模量、宏观与微观形貌、侵蚀产物物相组成与相对含量的经时变化规律。部分浸泡RAC沿纵向高度分为饱和区、气-液两相界面区、水分传输区及干燥区。侵蚀初期气-液两相界面区损伤程度高于饱和区;侵蚀中后期饱和区的损伤持平或超过气-液两相界面区,水分传输区损伤初现。饱和区侵蚀状态由初期的化学侵蚀转变为中后期的化学-物理双重侵蚀,气-液两相界面区在侵蚀期间均呈现出化学-物理双重侵蚀。化学侵蚀产物为水镁石、硬石膏/石膏、钙矾石、Friedel盐及碱式氯化镁;物理结晶盐包含氯镁石、白钠镁矾、氯化钠、水合硫酸镁、Na_(2)SO_(4)及芒硝,各侵蚀产物与结晶盐的相对含量均随浸泡时间延长而改变。侵蚀后期,Na_(2)SO_(4)和芒硝相互转化使RAC物理力学性能急速退化。粉煤灰-矿渣复掺RAC抗侵蚀性能整体较好,粉煤灰-硅灰复掺最差,后者在浸泡时间180 d时抗压强度损失率高于60%。矿渣-硅灰-偏高岭土三掺RAC耐久性显著高于粉煤灰-矿渣-偏高岭土三掺,后者在侵蚀180 d时已经溃散。四掺辅助胶凝材料RAC性能衰减速度均匀,但抗侵蚀性能仍处于较低水平,相同浸泡时间下,其耐久性指标均与粉煤灰-矿渣复掺RAC差距较大。

Mg(OH)_(2)对磷酸镁水泥水化过程及性能的影响

磷酸镁水泥(MPC)的镁质原料主要为重烧MgO,由于制备重烧MgO需要高温煅烧,其使用成本和碳排放量过高。氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)_(2))的来源丰富,制取成本低廉且无污染、安全环保,如能大量采用对缓解使用成本和碳排放量过高这一问题具有重要意义。因此,本工作使用Mg(OH)_(2)代替部分重烧MgO,通过X射线衍射、热分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析等测试手段,研究其对MPC工作性能、水化过程、强度发展和微观结构的影响。结果表明,Mg(OH)_(2)的掺入加快了MPC的水化过程,浆体的流动度降低,凝结时间缩短,本工作通过水玻璃热处理改性等缓凝手段改善其工作性能。随着Mg(OH)_(2)的掺入,磷酸镁水泥的水化温度和pH值显著降低,水化28 d后的K-鸟粪石(K-struvite)结晶数量增多,抗压强度随Mg(OH)_(2)含量的增加而降低,当Mg(OH)_(2)掺量在50%以内时,其后期强度下降在15%的范围内,随Mg(OH)_(2)掺量增大,更多的水化产物是由Mg(OH)_(2)反应形成的,当Mg(OH)_(2)掺量为66.6%时,重烧MgO的反应率由平均值22%降低至7%。总而言之,采用大掺量Mg(OH)_(2)制备磷酸镁水泥具有可行性且能确保材料的后期力学性能满足工程应用的要求,对降低磷酸镁水泥使用成本和碳排放具有潜在的应用前景。

Mg对亚共晶Al-10Mg_(2)Si合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了不同Mg含量对含10 mass%Mg_(2)Si的亚共晶Al-Mg-Si合金显微组织、拉伸性能和断裂行为的影响。结果表明:在合金中添加1.2~2.8 mass%的Mg能够减小初生α-Al枝晶的尺寸,适量的Mg明显地细化了合金中的Mg_(2)Si共晶相,并使其形貌由粗大的汉字状转变为短条状、颗粒状和纤维状。共晶Mg_(2)Si的细化归因于Mg原子团簇在其两侧的富集,抑制了共晶Mg_(2)Si的生长,促进了其生长方向的改变。适量的Mg的添加同时提高了合金的强度和塑性,添加2.8 mass%Mg的合金拉伸性能达到最高,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别由未添加Mg的232.4 MPa、150.4 MPa和1.5%增加到322.0 MPa、270.4 MPa和6.1%,分别提高了38.6%、79.8%和306.7%。未添加Mg的合金的断裂机制为脆性断裂,添加2.8 mass%Mg的合金的断裂机制转变为韧性断裂。

Effects of Ca2+concentrations on accumulations of mineral elements in the components of Pteroceltis tatarinowii

The bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a raw material for manufacturing Xuan Paper. The effects of Ca2+ concentrations on the accumulation of mineral elements in the bark, leaf and root of Pteroceltis tatarinowii were studied under controlled condi-tions. The types of Hoagland nutrient solution with three Ca2+ concentrations levels (200, 400 and 600 靏g-1) and a control (without Ca2+) were designed to culture Pteroceltis tatarinowii. After 6 months, contents of seven mineral elements including Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Na in the root, leaf and bark were analyzed. The results indicated that Ca accumulations content in the root, leaf and bark had positively relation with Ca2+ concentrations (200, 400, 600 靏g-1), and the order of the Ca content in the three components was root】leaf】bark. Ca content in the root treated with 600 靏g-1 Ca2+ concentrations was 5.5 times as high as that of the control, and about 1.4 times as high as that of the root treated in 200 and 400 靏/g Ca2+ concentrations respectively. On the contrary, K and Mg contents in the root, leaf and bark were negatively related to Ca2+ concentrations, especially in the bark, and their accumulation trend followed the order of leaf】root】bark. K content in the bark treated with 600 靏g-1 Ca2+ con-centrations was 39.3% of that of the control, and was 79.0% and 91.8% of that of the bark treated with 200 靏g-1 and 400靏g-1 Ca2+ concentrations respectively; Mg content in the bark treated with 600 靏g-1 Ca2+ concentrations was 23.4% of that of the control, and was 27.1% and 35.4% of that of the bark treated with 200 and 400 靏g-1 Ca2+ concentrations respectively. Com-pared with the control, the general tendency of Mn, Zn and Cu content decreased with increasing of Ca2+ concentrations and their contents were in the order: root】leaf】bark. Based on the results of this study, the experiment has been useful for providing academic bases in improving the bark quality of Pteroceltis tatarinowii on non-limestone soil.

选区激光熔化成形TiB_(2)/Al-Si-Mg大尺寸复杂构件

选区激光熔化(SLM)成形大尺寸复杂构件厚度多样、成形高度较高、方向复杂,需要研究构件微观组织均匀性和力学性能稳定性。本文以SLM成形TiB_(2)/Al-Si-Mg复合材料为研究对象,分析复合材料多级微观组织,对比不同成形厚度、高度、方向下复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:复合材料表现出熔池特征结构,细小等轴晶粒组织均匀分布且随机取向,纳米TiB_(2)颗粒在材料内部弥散分布。随成形厚度增加,复合材料伸长率保持稳定,抗拉强度受本征热处理影响略微增大;在不同成形高度下,复合材料抗拉强度和伸长率保持稳定;在不同成形方向下,复合材料抗拉强度保持稳定,伸长率受熔池结构影响在水平方向略高。基于以上结果,成功制备大飞机舱门铰链臂(588 mm×318 mm×470 mm)复杂结构件。

聚乙烯亚胺和Mg2+荧光增敏快速检测四环素类抗生素

四环素类抗生素(TCs)是一类广谱抗菌药物,被广泛应用于治疗人畜疾病且效果显著,但过度使用TCs造成其在动物性食品中的残留问题会对自然环境和人体健康造成严重的危害。因此,对食品环境中TCs的残留进行快速检测是十分必要的。迄今为止,对TCs在酸性溶液中荧光检测相关的研究报道较少。在弱酸性条件下,TCs属于弱荧光物质,但与富有氨基的阳离子表面活性剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)结合时,在370 nm的激发下,在525 nm处产生较强的绿色荧光;当TCs与PEI和二价金属镁离子(Mg^(2+))共存时,TCs的荧光强度被进一步增强。本研究利用PEI和Mg^(2+)在弱酸性条件下对TCs的协同荧光增敏效应,构建了一种快速、简单、高灵敏检测残留TCs的荧光检测法。实验结果表明:在最优检测条件下,该体系对TCs的定量线性检测范围为5 nmol/L~2μmol/L,其中,美他环素(MTC)、四环素(TC)、土霉素(OTC)的相关系数R^(2)分别为0.939,0.997和0.999,检出限(LOD)分别为3.6,2.7和4.8 nmol/L,均远低于中国和欧盟的限量标准。本方法对MTC、TC、OTC表现出很高的特异性,与常见的其他抗生素均不产生干扰。在实际的牛奶检测中,该体系对TCs的加标回收率为91.64%~104.05%,相对标准偏差为1.20%~10.62%。本方法可适用于酸性体系中残留TCs的分析,为水体和食品中残留TCs检测提供了一种新的依据和思路。

Mg在CO_(2)/Ar混合气体中的双反应区燃烧模型研究

Mg粉/CO_(2)是实现火星探测原位资源利用的理想推进剂。针对Mg颗粒在含CO_(2)混合大气中燃烧,基于火焰层假设,建立了Mg在CO_(2)/Ar混合气体中的双反应区燃烧模型,分析了Mg在CO_(2)/Ar燃烧过程中各组分质量分数、各组分流量、颗粒和火焰层的温度分布,研究了环境压强、CO_(2)质量分数、环境温度和颗粒粒径对燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:环境压强增大,颗粒温度增大、火焰层温度变化不大。在环境压强低于20 kPa时,火焰层半径随环境压强升高快速增大,颗粒燃烧时间随环境压强升高快速变短,随后都基本保持不变;CO_(2)质量分数增大,颗粒温度与火焰层温度升高、火焰层半径减小、颗粒燃烧时间缩短;环境温度增大,颗粒温度变化不大、火焰层温度升高、火焰层半径减小、颗粒燃烧时间延长;颗粒粒径增大,颗粒温度与火焰层半径变化不大、火焰层温度降低、颗粒燃烧时间延长。

掺Mg^(2+)的ZIF-8材料的制备及抗菌和促成骨性能研究

金属有机框架材料被广泛应用于种植体、骨修复等医疗领域。选用二甲基咪唑为有机配体,Mg^(2+)、Zn^(1+)为金属结节,通过溶剂热法在室温下成功合成纳米级Mg@ZIF-8有机框架材料。Mg@ZIF-8纳米颗粒为正十二面体结构,粒径为200~400 nm,具有Mg–N、Zn–N、C–N、C=C、C=N、C-H官能团,在酸性微环境下不稳定,以上物理表征与ZIF-8相似。抗菌实验结果表明:随着Mg^(2+)浓度的升高,Mg@ZIF-8对大肠杆菌的抗菌性能逐步提高,而且一定浓度的Mg^(2+)对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能也有所提高。体外矿化实验表明:Mg^(2+)能够促进钛片表面P、Ca的沉积。Mg@ZIF-8有机框架材料在植入物领域有良好的应用前景。

Mechanism of microarc oxidation on AZ91D Mg alloy induced byβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase

This work proposed a strategy of indirectly inducing uniform microarc discharge by controlling the content and distribution ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase in AZ91D Mg alloy.Two kinds of nano-particles(ZrO_(2)and TiO_(2))were designed to be added into the substrate of Mg alloy by friction stir processing(FSP).Then,Mg alloy sample designed with different precipitated morphology ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase was treated by microarc oxidation(MAO)in Na_(3)PO_(4)/Na2SiO3electrolyte.The characteristics and performance of the MAO coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),contact angle meter,and potentiodynamic polarization.It was found that the coarseα-Mg grains in extruded AZ91D Mg alloy were refined by FSP,and theβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase with reticular structure was broken and dispersed.The nano-ZrO_(2)particles were pinned at the grain boundary by FSP,which refined theα-Mg grain and promoted the precipitation ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase in grains.It effectively inhibited the“cascade”phenomenon of microarcs,which induced the uniform distribution of discharge pores.The MAO coating on Zr-FSP sample had good wettability and corrosion resistance.However,TiO_(2)particles were hardly detected in the coating on TiFSP sample.