Growth and Transcriptomics Analysis ofMichelia macclurei Dandy Plantlets with Different LED Quality Treatments

Michelia macclurei Dandy is a significant tree species that has extensive cultivation for forestry and horticulture purposes in southern China,owing to its economic and practical importance.Light quality influences plantlet growth and development during tissue culture.However,the growth characteristic and molecular regulation of M.macclurei under different light quality conditions are not well understood yet.In this study,we investigated the morphological,chlorophyll content,and transcriptomic responses of M.macclurei plantlets under different light-emitting diode(LED)qualities,including white,blue,and red light.The results showed that blue light significantly increased plant height(21.29%)and leaf number(18.65%),while red light decreased plant height and leaf number by 7.53%and 16.49%,respectively.In addition,the plantlets’chlorophyll content and etiolation rate were significantly reduced by blue and red light quality compared to white light.Compared to white light,blue light had a negative effect,leading to decreased rooting rate(64.28%),root number(72.72%),and root length(75.86%).Conversely,red light had a positive effect,resulting in increased rooting rate(24.99%),root number(109.58%),and root length(72.72%).Transcriptome analysis identified 54 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in three groups that consisted of blue light vs.white light(BL-vs-WL),red light vs.white light(RL-vs-WL),and red light vs.blue light(RL-vs-BL).Specifically,21,7,and 41 DEGs were identified in the three groups,respectively.The DEGs found in the RL-vs-WL and BL-vs-WL groups were involved in plant hormone signaling,nitrogen metabolism,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways,which suggests that M.macclurei plantlets adapt to the changes of light quality via modulating gene expression.Overall,our study provides valuable insights for understanding the molecular and morphological responses of M.macclurei plantlets under different light qualities.

基于MaxEnt模型分析不同气候变化情景下的黄心夜合(Michelia martinii)潜在地理分布

黄心夜合(Michelia martinii)是木兰科含笑属乔木,具有很高的观赏价值,是优良的香料和用材树种。然而其野生资源保存状况不容乐观,被1999颁布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)》列为Ⅱ级珍稀濒危植物,现在其保护级别为近危(NT)。预测气候变化对分布范围的影响可为黄心夜合的野生资源保存与可持续利用提供科学基础和参考依据。利用ArcGIS 10.4与MaxEnt 3.4.1软件分析了黄心夜合在全国范围内的潜在地理分布,并与DIVA-GIS 7.5软件的Bioclim和Domain模型进行比较,选择了预测结果最佳模型MaxEnt,继而预测了21世纪50和70年代4种气候情景(RCP 2.6、RCP 4.5、RCP 6.0、RCP 8.5)下其适生区分布范围。结果表明,MaxEnt模型预测黄心夜合潜在生境分布的精度最高,受试者特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)训练集的线下面积(area under ROC curve,AUC)为0.977;最干月降雨量、海拔、昼夜温差月均值、年均降雨量是影响黄心夜合分布的主要气候因子,其贡献率分别为43.8%、20.7%、15.2%、8.8%。现阶段黄心夜合的高、中、低适生区以贵州省为中心向四周扩散,适生区总面积共约5.7×10^(5)km^(2)。21世纪50和70年代其适生区分布基本格局不变,21世纪50年代除了RCP 8.5情景外,黄心夜合的低、中适生区以及适生区面积总和增加。21世纪70年代,黄心夜合的中、高适生区及总适生区面积均有所减少。未来全球气候变暖会造成黄心夜合的高适生区大幅缩减。未来大部分情景下,黄心夜合的分布质心均有向东北方迁移的趋势。黄心夜合保护的难点在于其适生区域之间相互孤立、相隔较远,加剧了其灭绝的可能。未来对于黄心夜合濒危资源的保护应结合地理分布的预测结果,从野生资源调查、野外回归的迁地保护、就地建立保护区、开展繁殖与栽培技术研究等方面入手。

Comparisons of carbon storages in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei plantations during a 22-year period in southern China

Tree species composition was important for carbon storage within the same climate range.To quantify the dynamics of ecosystem carbon allocation as affected by different tree species,we measured the above-and below-ground biomass accumulation in 22 years,as well as the tissue carbon concentrations of trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Michelia macclurei plantation.Results indicated that M.macclurei plantation significantly stored more carbon（174.8 tons/hm2） than C.lanceolata plantation（154.3 tons/hm2）.Most of the carbon was found in the soil pool（57.1% in M.macclurei plantation,55.2% in C.lanceolata plantation）.Tree and soil component of M.macclurei plantation possessed significantly higher carbon storage than that of C.lanceolata plantation（p 〈 0.05）.No significant difference was found in the carbon storage of understory and forest floor.These results suggest that the broadleaved species（M.macclurei） possesses greater carbon sequestration potential than the coniferous species（C.lanceolata） in southern China.

越南植物Michelia tonkinensis(木兰科)的模式考订(英文)

Michelia tonkinensis A.Chev.这个名称在发表时未指定模式,曾被处理为M.balansae(Aug.DC.)Dandy的异名。在查阅了其原白和原始材料后,确认采自越南北部Tuyen Quang省的标本——Fleury 37.667(P)是该种唯一的原始材料,应该作为模式看待,同时确认Michelia tonkinensis是一独立的种,不应该处理为M.balansae的异名。此外,还提供了M.tonkinensis的异名、俗名、描述、分布及查阅的标本等综合信息。

酸雨胁迫对白兰花(Michelia alba DC．)抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响

本文以长势良好且树龄相同的木兰科植物白兰花(Michelia alba.DC)为实验材料,采用盆栽方式,用模拟酸雨的处理方法,研究了其在模拟酸雨胁迫下的抗氧化酶系统和丙二醛(MDA)的变化规律。结果表明,pH2.0酸雨比pH3.0和pH4.0对白兰花的影响更大,到第六次喷施酸雨时,SOD、POD、CAT酶活性均低于对照;各处理MDA含量在第六次处理时达到最高值,且均与对照呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。说明酸雨胁迫对白兰花的影响较大,白兰花在酸雨胁迫下抗逆性和耐受性较弱,其结果为酸雨控制区选择城市绿化植物提供重要的现实意义。

湖南含笑属Michelia Linn.植物的研究

湖南含笑属野生种类比较丰富,有14种(含1变种),几乎分布于全省各山区,但以湘南和湘西南分布较多。本文研究了湖南野生含笑种类、植物学特性、分类学特征、地理分布、生境与习性、引种栽培与开发利用等。

In vitro assessment on medicinal properties and chemical composition of Michelia nilagirica bark

Objective: To outline the antibacterial, antioxidant, a-glucosidase inhibition and anticancer properties of Michelia nilagirica(M. nilagirica) bark extract.Methods: The antibacterial activity of bark extracts against human pathogens was assessed by disc diffusion assay. Phytochemical screening, total phenols, flavonoids content, antioxidant and a-glucosidase inhibition properties of bark extracts were investigated by standard methods. In vitro anticancer activity of ethyl acetate extract at various concentrations was observed against Hep G2 cells using MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2 yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. The presence of diverse bioactive constituents in the ethyl acetate extract was identified using FT-IR and GC–MS analysis.Results: Ethyl acetate extract was found to be the promising agent against human pathogens tested. The ethyl acetate extracts showed the presence of various phytochemicals and comprised the substantial content of phenolics and flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract showed better antioxidant activities and also revealed remarkable reducing power ability and a-glucosidase inhibition property. The dose dependent assay of extract showed remarkable cancer cell death with IC_(50) value of(303.26 ± 2.30) mg/m L. FTIR and GC–MS results indicated the presence of major bioactive constituents in the ethyl acetate extract of M. nilagirica bark.Conclusions: Revealing the first report on in vitro biological properties and chemical composition analysis of M. nilagirica bark extract, our study implied that this plant could be of great importance in food and pharmaceutical industries.

THE COMBUSTIBILITY OF CHINESE FIR AND MACCLURE MICHELIA MIXED FOREST

Based on the theory of forest burning link, the combustibility of the 6-year-old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and macclure michelia (Michelia macclurei) mixed forest was determined in Youxi County, Fujian Province from 1988 to 1989. The results show that the daily mean moisture in the forest, moisture content of litter and the water reserves of the stand in mixed forest are 3%, 7.6% and 46.8% higher than that in pure stand respectively, the inflammables quantity and energy ratios of the stand biomass and total potential energy in mixed stand are 8.5% and 3.69% lower than that in pure stand respectively. Mixed forest can decrease the combustibility of stand.

Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Michelia champaca in gut, airways and cardiovascular disorders

Objective: To discover the mechanism behind ameliorative effects of Michelia champaca(M. champaca) in gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. Methods: Antispasmodic potential was evaluated by trying the M. champaca extract(aqueous:ethanolic) on rabbit aorta, trachea and jejunum in vitro. Isotonic and isometric transducers coupled with Power Lab data acquisition system was used to record the responses of isolated tissues. Results: M. champaca extract relaxed the spontaneous and high K^+(80 mmol/L)-induced contractions of isolated jejunum preparation of rabbit showing a Ca^(2+) channel blocking mechanism. Moreover, extract shifted calcium concentration response curves towards right like standard calcium channel blocker verapamil. In rabbit tracheal preparation, M. champaca relaxed both carbachol(1 μmol/L) and high K^+-induced contractions, likewise verapamil. In rabbit aorta preparation, M. champaca relaxed phenylephrine(1 μmol/L) and high K^+-induced contractions similar to verapamil. Conclusion: M. champaca possesses spasmolytic, airways relaxant and vasodilator actions mediated perhaps due to blocking of Ca^(2+) channels, hence validating its therapeutic usage in diarrhea, asthma and hypertension.

Mycorrhizal colonization and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Michelia champaca L.under plantation system in northeast India

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） and dark septate endophyte（DSE） colonization were investigated in three different plantation sites（Umdihar,Umsaw and Mawlein） of Meghalaya,northeast India.Isolation and identification of the AMF spore were conducted to evaluate the AMF diversity and host preference in terms of AMF species distribution and abundance in the plantation sites.Results showed that AMF colonization was significantly higher than dark septate endophyte colonization（p〉0.05）.AMF and DSE colonization had a narrow range of colonization,varying from 50.91%-58.95% and 1.84%-4.11%,respectively.Spore density varied significantly in all the sites（p〉0.05）.Out of 29 species identified from 7 genera,the species from Glomus was found to be highly abundant.Sorenson coefficient（Cs） ranged from 0.35-7.0.Species richness varied from 2.0-2.9 in the sites.Total species richness was significantly correlated with total relative abundance（p=0.001）.The distribution,abundance and principal component analysis plot suggest that Glomus macrocarpum,G.multicaulis,G.constrictum and Acaulospora sp 1 were the most host preferred species which possibly may favour the host with proper nutrient acquisition and growth.

A New Sesquiterpene from Michelia yunnanensis

A new sesquiterpene, 12,13-di-acetoxyl-1,4,6,11-eudesmanetetrol 1, was isolated from Michelia yunnanensis. The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral data.

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES ON THE BORDER OF THE EASTERN PARTS OF AREOGRAPHY OF MICHELIA YUNNANENSIS

This paper studies the morphological taxonomy, origination,ecological environment, floristic geography, community, regeneration,biomass.seed character,breeding and their biomass.and the relationship of the relative growth in the yearing seedling of Michelia yunnunensis, especially in the border of the eastern parts of the areography of Michelia vannanensis.

含笑属Michelia新品种‘香绯’和‘香雪’的选育

‘香绯’Michelia ‘Xiangfei’和‘香雪’M.‘Xiangxue’含笑属新品种系从新含笑M.‘Xin Hanxiao’(♀)和广东含笑M.guangdongensis(♂)的人工杂交群体中选育而来。‘香绯’花纯白色,基部略有红色晕染,盛开时花瓣略卷;‘香雪’花雪白色,花瓣圆润规整,盛开时如微型白莲。二者均具有株型矮化、开花繁密、花香怡人、花期长、抗逆性强和适应范围广等优点。

上海市栽培乐昌含笑开花及传粉生物学

【目的】研究我国南方珍稀观赏树种乐昌含笑的开花及传粉生物学研究,以阐明迁地保护下乐昌含笑的开花特性及繁育特性,为有效地保护和杂交育种提供技术指导。【方法】对乐昌含笑花的形态和开花动态进行了观察,通过TTC法进行花粉活力的测定,采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头的可授性,估算花粉胚株比(P/O)和杂交指数(OCI),并通过人工控制授粉试验和传粉媒介观察,分析乐昌含笑繁育系统的类型。【结果】乐昌含笑花期从3月中下旬到4月上中旬,单花的开放时间为7~12天,单花具有二次开合现象;单株开放时间6~20天。乐昌含笑为雌雄异熟且雌蕊先熟,开花当天柱头可授性最强,开花第2天花粉的生活力最强;乐昌含笑的杂交指数(OCI)等于4,花粉胚株比(P/O)为557.18±46.23。套袋试验表明:乐昌含笑不能进行自发传粉和无融合生殖,人工异花授粉的结实率显著高于自然授粉。繁育系统为兼性异交、自交亲和、传粉过程需要传粉媒介。【结论】乐昌含笑花的形态、开花动态等表明其具有虫媒传粉的特征,二次开合现象把雌雄蕊的成熟从时间上分隔开来,保证其异花传粉,传粉过程需要传粉者。

白兰的嫁接繁殖技术

为探究白兰(Michelia × alba)嫁接苗不同砧穗组合的亲和力差异和影响白兰嫁接苗生长的相关因素,以醉香含笑(Michelia macclurei Dandy)、黄兰(Michelia champaca Linn.)、乐昌含笑(Michelia chapensis Dandy)、深山含笑(Michelia maudiae Dunn)、山玉兰(Magnolia delavayi Franch.)、白兰自根砧6种类型砧木以切接方式嫁接白兰,并探究不同嫁接时间、砧木径级、基质类型的白兰嫁接苗生长差异表现。结果表明,12月左右最适宜白兰嫁接;砧木类型对嫁接苗生长及开花产生影响。白兰自根砧嫁接苗和醉香含笑嫁接苗成活率较其他4种砧木高,达94.0%以上,但以醉香含笑为砧木的嫁接苗生长最快;不同砧木类型白兰嫁接苗现蕾期不同,以山玉兰为砧木的白兰嫁接苗现蕾最早,嫁接满4个月现蕾,现蕾率达68.2%,白兰自根砧现蕾率最低,仅为12.7%;砧木径级对嫁接苗成活率有影响,当砧木地径大于等于0.8 cm时嫁接成活率最高,达94.1%,当砧木地径小于0.5 cm时,嫁接成活率明显降低;苗木培育基质对嫁接苗的成活率和生长都有影响,选用70.0%黄心土∶25.0%泥炭土∶4.5%稻糠和95.0%黄心土∶4.5%稻糠搭配0.5%长效控释肥配比的基质苗木成活率和生长量均优于其他组合。影响嫁接苗品质的因素有多种,研究结果显示砧木类型影响嫁接苗的成活率和花期特性;嫁接时间、砧木径级、基质类型均对苗木成活率和生长产生作用。

基于百度试验法和窑干试验法优化火力楠木材干燥基准

为充分了解和合理利用世界珍稀优良树种、我国南方主要造林用材树种火力楠木材特性,给木材干燥工业生产提供较为科学和完善的指导性干燥基准,以48 a生人工林火力楠木材为研究对象,采用百度试验法制定初步的干燥基准和木材干燥箱,对火力楠木材进行小试窑干试验并优化干燥基准,测定并分析火力楠木材干燥缺陷,结果表明:火力楠木材的干燥缺陷主要表现为初期开裂、扭曲和截面变形,无内裂,初期开裂为二级,扭曲特性为二级,内裂和截面变形均为一级;初期开裂和扭曲程度均为中等,截面变形程度较轻,不易产生内裂等严重的干燥缺陷;干燥速度为三级,干燥速度中等,属于容易干燥的树种。小试窑干工艺基本条件为:初期干燥温度为60~70℃,初期干湿球温度差为3~7℃,末期干燥温度为80~85℃。该条件下,火力楠木材干燥过程中未出现内裂和皱缩,平均最终含水率为7.9%、厚度上的含水率偏差为2.1%,干燥均匀度为0.6%,残余应力为1.4%,所有干燥质量指标均达到国家标准中锯材干燥质量等级的一级要求。为厚度为25~30 mm。

乐昌含笑幼苗在不同光照环境下的光响应模型拟合分析

为探究不同光强下乐昌含笑(Michelia chapensis)光响应特征及光响应模型的适用性,以乐昌含笑1 a生幼苗为试材,设置5种光强100%、70%、50%、30%、10%全光照处理,测定其光响应曲线,并采用直角双曲线模型(RH)、非直角双曲线模型(NRH)、指数模型(EM)、修正直角双曲模型(MRH)及修正指数模型(MEM)5种模型对其进行拟合,进而利用R_a~2、均方误差(MSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)结合光合参数实测值与拟合值对5种模型拟合效果进行综合评价。结果表明,应用RH、NRH和EM模型拟合不同光强下乐昌含笑光响应曲线不符合其光合-光响应特征;MRH模型拟合的各项光合参数与实测值最为接近,MEM模型次之。因此,MRH模型具有较高的拟合精度和适用性,是拟合不同光强下乐昌含笑幼苗光合-光响应特征的最适模型。

醉香含笑不同树高处心边材挥发性成分的差异

为探究醉香含笑不同树高处心边材挥发性成分的积累规律及香气应用价值,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-QTOF-MS)对醉香含笑2个不同树高处心材、边材的挥发性成分进行非靶向代谢组学分析。采用主成分分析法(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘-判别分析法(OPLS-DA)、层次聚类分析法(HCA)分析不同树高处心边材挥发性成分差异,并鉴定差异代谢物。结果表明:醉香含笑2个不同树高心边材共鉴定出92种挥发性化合物,筛选出35个差异代谢物,其中边材中的单萜类、醛类、烷烃类化合物在边材中的合成水平显著高于心材,且随着树高的增加而积累。

栽培石碌含笑的开花生物学与繁育特性

为探讨石碌含笑(Michelia shiluensis)濒危的内在原因,对花器官形态特征、开花动态、访花昆虫进行观察,并对花粉萌发率和柱头可授性、繁育系统特性进行了检测。结果表明,开花时,石碌含笑的雄蕊群和雌蕊群自然形成空间隔离,花被片横向弯曲形成球形空间,保护雄蕊群;雌蕊群柄持续伸长,将雌蕊群推出雄蕊群和花被片。圃地栽培植株的主要访花昆虫和传粉昆虫为西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)。花被片开放至最大直径50%时的Ⅵ和Ⅶ阶段柱头可授性最强;Ⅵ阶段花粉活性也最高,离体萌发率达(66.96±11.28)%。同株同花或同株异花授粉均不能结实,但异株授粉座果率为100%。可见,石碌含笑为严格的异株异花授粉植物,异交亲和,自交不亲和,不存在无融合生殖现象,与含笑属其他种类亦有生殖隔离。石碌含笑花被片和雌蕊群的动态变化揭示了其巧妙规避自交的生物学机制。

福建含笑苗木生物量分配特征及其最优预估模型研究

为了探究福建含笑Michelia fujianensis苗木生物量分配特征以及掌握更快捷、准确地估测福建含笑苗木生物量的方法,研究以1 a生福建含笑苗木为试验材料,采取整株收获法,测量苗木根、茎、叶以及单株的生物量,并以地径(D)、苗高(H)、地径与苗高的乘积(DH)、地径平方与苗高的乘积(D^(2)H)4个生长指标作为自变量,对生长指标与苗木生物量分配进行pearson相关性分析并通过回归方程拟合福建含笑苗木各器官及单株生物量的预估模型,选取最优模型并进行精度检验。结果表明:福建含笑苗木生物量分配特征为茎>根>叶,非光合器官生物量与生长之间相关性更强,体现了福建含笑苗期生存策略为集中投资茎生物量和根生物量,这除了能提高苗木自身传输效率,还有利于向垂直方向以及地下四周拓展营养空间,争夺土壤资源。D2H对于根、茎以及单株生物量拟合效果最好,而苗高对于叶生物量模型拟合效果最好,并且各器官最优拟合模型多为幂函数,其具有较大的决定系数和较小的估计值标准误差,因此在实际应用过程中,面对不同变量应该合理选择与之最适宜的预测指标进行模型的拟合从而提高预估精度。