The effects of deformation parameters and cooling rates on the aging behavior of AZ80+0.4%Ce

The extruded AZ80+0.4%Ce magnesium alloy was twisted in the temperature range of 300-380℃by using a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation test machine with a torsion unit.The deformed cylindrical specimens were cooled at a cooling rate of 10℃/s or 0.1℃/s,respectively,and aged at 170℃.The microstructure analysis results showed that the grain size decreased with increasing specimen radial position from center(SRPC),and that the strong initial basal texture of the extruded magnesium alloy was weakened.Both continuous and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization mechanisms were involved in contributing to the grain refinement for all specimens investigated.And a novel extension twinning induced dynamic recrystallization mechanism was proposed for specimen deformed at 300℃.For the specimens deformed at 300℃and 340℃followed by a slow cooling rate(0.1℃/s),precipitates of various shapes(β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)),with the dominant precipitates being on the grains boundaries,appeared on the surface section.For specimen deformed at 380℃,lamellar precipitates(LPS)in the interiors of the grains were predominant.After aging,the LPS still dominated for specimens twisted at 380℃;however,the LPS gradually decreased with decreasing deformation temperatures from 380℃to 300℃.Dynamically precipitatedβ,especially those decorating the grain boundaries,changed the competition pictures for the LPS and precipitates of other shapes after aging.Interestingly,LPS dominated the areas for the center section of the specimens after aging regardless of deformation temperatures.Low temperature deformation with high SRPC followed by rapid cooling rate increased the micro hardness of the alloy after aging due to refined grain,reduced precipitates size,decreased lamellar spacing as well as strain hardening.

Hot compressive deformation behaviors and micro-mechanisms of TA15 alloy

The hot deformation behaviors of TA15 alloy,as well as the microstructure obtained after compressive deformation,were investigated.The results show that TA15 alloy exhibits a peak stress when deformed at temperature lower than 900 ℃,implying recrystallization characteristics.However,steady flow stress-stain behavior is observed without peak stress when deformation is employed at temperature higher than 900 ℃,showing recovery characteristics.Micro-deformation band appears at deformation temperature of 750 ℃,and equiaxed grains are found at 800 ℃,implying the occurrence of recrystallization.When deformed at 925 ℃,the specimen shows the recovery characteristics with dislocation networks and sub-grain boundaries.

Effects of microrolling parameters on the microstructure and deformation behavior of pure copper

Microrolling experiments and uniaxial tensile tests of pure copper under different annealing conditions were carried out in this paper. The effects of grain size and reduction on non-uniform deformation, edge cracking, and microstructure were studied. The experimen- tal results showed that the side deformation became more non-uniform, resulting in substantial edge bulge, and the uneven spread increased with increasing grain size and reduction level. When the reduction level reached 80% and the grain size was 65 μm, slight edge cracks occurred. When the grain size was 200 μm, the edge cracks became wider and deeper. No edge cracks occurred when the grain size was 200 μm and the reduction level was less than 60%; edge cracks occurred when the reduction level was increased to 80%. As the reduction level increased, the grains were gradually elongated and appeared as a sheet-like structure along the rolling direction; a fine lamellar structure was obtained when the grain size was 20 lam and the reduction level was less than 60%.

Numerical Study of RBC Motion and Deformation through Microcapillary in Alcohol Plasma Solution

Alcohol influences human health condition by starving red blood cells (RBCs) of oxygen, which results in poor blood circulation. Starved RBCs clump together and restrict blood flow, especially in capillaries. In this study, a finite element method-based moving mesh technique was applied to simulate the motion and deformation of a single RBC under different flow conditions. A 2-D model of a single RBC floating in plasma-alcohol solution was created using Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method with moving mesh for a fluid structure interaction problem. Cell deformability and stability were studied in an alcoholic plasma solution at different fluid flow conditions. Poor blood circulation was observed with RBC tending to rotate and oscillate at low flow rates. Moreover, RBC exhibited a parachute shape while moving without oscillation, which indicated improved micro-circulation at increased flow rates. In both cases, RBC exhibited a parachute shape while moving through micro-channel at increased flow rates. The simulation also showed the significant increase of RBC deformability with the increasing viscosity of plasma as a result of alcohol presence in blood.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SUBSTRATE LOCAL PLASTIC DEFORMATION INDUCED BY CRACKED THIN HARD FILM

It has been postulated that, with tensile loading conditions, micro-cracks onthin hard film act as stress concentrators enhancing plastic deformation of the substrate materialin their vicinity. Under favorable conditions the localized plastic flow near the cracks may turninto macroscopic plastic strain thus affects the plasticity behaviors of the substrate. Thisphenomenon is analyzed quantitatively with finite element method with special attention focused onthe analysis and discussion of the effects of plastic work hardening rate, film thickness and crackdepth on maximum plastic strain, critical loading stress and the size of the local plasticdeformation zone. Results show that micro-cracks on thin hard film have unnegligible effects on theplasticity behaviors of the substrate material under tensile loading.

Effect of wire diameter compression ratio on drawing deformation of micro copper wire

A crystal plasticity finite element model was developed for the drawing deformation of pure copper micro wire,based on rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory.The impact of wire diameter compression ratio on the micro-mechanical deformation behavior during the wire drawing process was investigated.Results indicate that the internal deformation and slip of the drawn wire are unevenly distributed,forming distinct slip and non-slip zones.Additionally,horizontal strain concentration bands develop within the drawn wire.As the wire diameter compression ratio increases,the strength of the slip systems and the extent of slip zones inside the deformation zone also increase.However,the fluctuating stress state,induced by contact pressure and frictional stress,results in a rough and uneven wire surface and diminishes the stability of the drawing process.

聚合物三腔微管挤出口模结构对胀大变形的影响

聚合物熔体的模内流动状态与模外胀大变形直接影响微挤出制品的成型质量。文中基于Carreau模型,采用数值模拟方法,研究了聚合物三腔微管挤出过程中口模壁厚差与空心度结构特征对胀大变形行为的影响。结果表明,影响挤出胀大变形程度的关键因素是口模出口附近的轴向速度分布;内外壁厚差会导致较大壁厚位置处对应的型坯厚度增大,而较小壁厚位置处的型坯厚度减小,壁厚差变化对薄壁区域壁厚变形影响较大,达到91.4%;空心度减小能提升口模出口附近轴向速度分布均匀性,减小了70.1%的变形程度;基于胀大变形规律逆向补偿设计了口模形状与尺寸,明显改善了制品成型质量。研究结果对聚合物多腔微管的口模结构优化设计具有理论意义与工程应用价值。

基于微形变分析的电容式MEMS加速度计温漂误差精密估计方法

针对传统的电容式微机电系统(micro-electro-mechanical system,MEMS)加速度计(capacitive MEMS accelerometers,CMA)温漂误差(temperature drift error,TDE)补偿方法存在非精准溯源TDE致使TDE估计精度低、反复尝试估计模型构型导致构建过程复杂繁琐的问题,提出基于微形变分析的CMA TDE精密补偿方法。首先,通过微形变分析内部结构精准溯源TDE,基于径向基函数神经网络(radial basis function neural network,RBFNN)构建改进型TDE精密估计模型;其次,基于专家经验和模糊理论提出Expert-Fuzzy辅助决策下TDE估计模型辨识方法,为改进模型提供有效的构型指导;然后,设计升温试验测试CMA,构建传统模型和改进模型并通过对比其输出偏置稳定性评估TDE估计性能。实验结果表明,改进模型构建过程大大简化,补偿后CMA偏置稳定性提升约35%。本方法能够更加精准地估计TDE,有效解耦硅基材料的温度依赖性并提升CMA的环境适应性。

砼结构抗滑桩微形变监测系统的设计与应用

研究砼结构抗滑桩微形变监测系统,对多通道高压激振、拾振等采集电路模块进行设计,提出了“风光互补”的供电和数据的本地、远端冗余存储的系统可靠性保障方案,在内蒙古某露天铁矿边坡滑坡治理工程中的砼结构抗滑桩健康监测应用表明,本文提出的砼结构抗滑桩微形变监测系统能稳定可靠地对砼结构抗滑桩的应力、形变等进行监测,提高了砼结构抗滑桩监测的实时性和科学性。

基于DEFORM-3D的微织构刀具切削性能仿真分析

现代摩擦学和仿生学证实,具有一定非光滑形态的高性能的表面织构有更好的抗磨减摩性能。通过Solidworks对仿生织构PCD刀具进行了三维建模,利用DEFORM-3D有限元分析软件,对无微织构和有微织构(凹坑、沟槽)PCD刀具在相同条件下进行了三维切削仿真,结合其切削力、切削温度进行切削性能分析。结果表明,一定尺寸的凹坑、沟槽微织构可以有效改善刀具在切削过程中的应力分布情况。然后,采用激光加工方法在刀片的前刀面置入不同微织构,在CA6136车床上进行切削实验。试验发现:干切削条件下,沟槽型微织构刀具切削铝合金工件的表面质量要优于无织构刀具。

3003Al-H14薄壁微小通道扁管波形冲压成形尺寸对截面变形的作用规律

薄壁微小通道波形扁管是建设新能源汽车锂电池组恒温系统的绝佳材料,成形尺寸是影响其冲压成形截面变形的关键因素。建立了实验验证的3003Al-H14微小通道薄壁扁管的波形冲压-回弹有限元模型。基于所建模型,研究了截面高度、管坯壁厚、内外面相对弯曲半径缩放系数等成形尺寸,对截面变形率和平均截面变形率的作用规律。研究发现:①横截面上边缘孔的截面变形率通常较大,其余孔的截面变形率相对较小且大小一致;纵截面上孔的截面变形率呈现波峰波谷高、中间段低的分布特点。②扁管的截面变形率随着截面高度增大而增大,当截面高度超过4 mm时,扁管内的筋显著弯折,横截面塌陷严重。③扁管的平均截面变形率随着壁厚增大呈指数函数下降;当壁厚等于0.1 mm时,所有截面都畸变严重,而当壁厚超过0.3 mm时,最大截面畸变率下降至24.71%。④内外面相对弯曲半径的缩放系数越大,则内外面的实际弯曲程度越小,平均截面变形率也越小。研究成果对薄壁微小通道波形扁管的精确成形具有科学意义和工程价值。

冻融循环作用下粉砂质硫酸盐渍土变形特性研究

【目的】为探究南疆地区粉砂质硫酸盐渍土的变形特性,【方法】在封闭系统条件下对粉砂土进行冻融循环试验,利用扫描电镜对土体结构进行表征分析。【结果】结果显示:粉砂质硫酸盐渍土硫酸钠含量为0和1.0%时变形以融沉为主,5次循环后变形量分别为-1.30 mm、-1.02 mm;硫酸钠含量为2.0%、5.0%、8.0%时变形表现为盐胀-冻胀变形,5次循环后变形量分别为2.46 mm、8.53 mm、3.43 mm。【结论】结果表明:粉砂质硫酸盐渍土在冻融循环作用下温度和硫酸钠含量是影响土体发生冻融变形的主要因素。在低温区间土体的变形随温度的降低表现为盐胀-冻胀,在升温过程中土体先后出现冰融和盐溶变形;土体的最终变形量与硫酸钠含量的变化表现为先增后减,当硫酸钠含量为5.0%时,土体的盐-冻胀率达到最大为2.5%。运用扫描电镜可发现粉砂质硫酸盐渍土经冻融循环后在自重作用下会产生沉降,内部盐分重结晶是抑制沉降甚至造成土体膨胀的主要原因。

微织构刀具DEFORM-3D切削性能仿真分析及实验研究（英文）

运用DEFORM-3D仿真软件对YG8硬质合金微织构刀具的切削性能进行仿真分析,研究了YG8硬质合金刀具在沟槽微织构、凹坑微织构和无微织构3种表面微织构下的切削温度和切削应力。利用激光加工技术对YG8硬质合金刀具表面进行沟槽微织构的加工,运用该刀具对铝合金进行切削实验,分析微织构对刀具切削性能的影响。结果表明:微织构刀具产生的切削热更少,与切屑间的摩擦力更低。在一定的润滑条件下,微织构刀具具有更好的切削性能。

利用光杠杆测透镜的曲率半径

基于光杠杆测量物体微小形变的思想,结合光杠杆与迈克耳孙干涉仪移动平台,搭建了测量透镜曲率半径的装置.利用光杠杆足尖位置和平凸透镜所在球面的几何关系,推导出曲率半径的测量公式,并测量了不同规格透镜的曲率半径.实验结果表明:使用该装置测量的曲率半径与利用牛顿环装置的测量值相近.

可变形磨损模型下微型离心泵复合磨损研究

为了探究微型离心泵在不同颗粒体积分数下的复合磨损类型与磨损变化,基于计算流体动力学与离散元耦合的方法,通过可变形磨料磨损Archard模型与可变形冲蚀磨损Oka模型对离心泵在不同颗粒体积分数(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%、12%)下的颗粒-部件碰撞占比率、磨损分布与演化进行了研究。通过对比实验发现颗粒体积分数在4%附近时颗粒与叶轮叶片、蜗壳碰撞占比率呈现不同的变化趋势。离心泵磨损以磨料磨损为主,磨料磨损中蜗壳为磨损最严重的部件,占总磨料磨损量的68.5%,随着颗粒体积分数的增加,蜗壳处磨料磨损由断面Ⅷ向断面Ⅰ演化,蜗壳前后端先后磨损。冲蚀磨损高磨损区域主要集中于叶轮叶片,占冲蚀磨损总量的95.83%,蜗壳处冲蚀磨损断面演化规律与磨料磨损变化规律近似,但蜗壳后端最先被磨损。颗粒体积分数对蜗壳磨料磨损变形量影响较大,蜗壳、叶轮磨料磨损变形量与冲蚀磨损变形量具有相似的变化趋势。

热压制备Ni/Al微叠层复合板的协调变形行为和气压胀形成形性

为了制造NiAl合金复杂薄壁构件,采用真空热压法制备一种新型Ni/Al微叠层复合板(NAMCS)。基于不同温度的单向拉伸试验,研究Ni/Al微叠层复合板的力学性能。为了阐明Ni/Al微叠层复合板的单向拉伸协调变形机制,通过扫描电子显微镜对不同拉伸应变下的变形组织进行表征。结果表明,在5%应变、室温和300℃条件下,NiAl_(3)层和Ni_(2)Al_(3)层中形成了一些裂纹。在600℃和20%应变条件下,在NiAl3层观察到一些微孔。样品在78.7%的拉伸应变断裂时,Ni_(2)Al_(3)层也未出现裂纹,表现出良好的协调变形能力。Ni/Al微叠层复合板的高温自由气压胀形试验表明,600℃时其极限胀形比(极限胀形高度与凹模直径之比)达到33.3%,表现出良好的成形性。

晶粒尺寸对竹节晶铜箔微轧制变形行为影响的模拟

高性能铜箔已经广泛应用于新能源、微电子等领域,为降低其制备成本和调控组织性能,对拉拔−压缩−剪切复合成形条件下的竹节晶铜箔轧制微观变形行为进行研究。建立微观尺度的晶体塑性有限元模型,分析竹节晶微轧制变形的晶粒尺寸效应。该微观模型将每个离散单元只是作为晶粒的组成部分,同时在积分点上采用单晶体本构模型建立本构方程。结果表明:微观层次复合轧制竹节晶铜箔的变形特征表现为高度的异向性和局部化;竹节晶铜箔轧制力变化符合类似Hall-Petch关系,即轧制力随晶粒尺寸的减小而增大;随着晶粒尺寸减小,复合轧制竹节晶铜箔的滑移均匀性和晶界滑移协调能力均增强;动态剪切带和变形带随着晶粒尺寸的减小向晶界偏移。为保证轧制竹节晶铜箔变形的稳定性和进一步减薄,晶粒尺寸小于100μm为宜。

不同深度黄土微观特性对开采沉陷的影响研究

为了探究厚黄土层下开采黄土微观特性对地表移动变形的影响,以山西某矿为例,采用物理实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,分析了不同深度黄土颗粒组成及微观结构特征,建立了厚黄土层分层模型,研究了不同黄土层厚度下的地表变形特征,揭示了黄土微观结构变化对地表移动变形的影响。研究表明:随着黄土深度增加,粉粒含量不断减少,黏粒及胶粒含量升高,微观结构由似柱状堆砌到似球状镶嵌最后形成胶结凝块结构,孔隙空间由贯穿可压缩孔隙到镶嵌孔隙最后形成微孔隙空间;该矿150 m厚黄土层下开采,地表最大下沉及水平移动值分别为4.112、1.327,20 m黄土层移动变形低于地表黄土,黄土压缩量约占地表最大下沉值的12.4%且主要表现在地表浅层处;随着土岩比不断增大,地表下沉量及水平移动呈先增大后减小特征,两者分别于土岩比1.33、1.67达到转折点;黄土层随着深度的增加,其微观结构变化对于地表宏观沉陷具有缓冲作用。