For simplified processing, micro parts are handled as linked parts. The length of the frame structure of these linked parts can change during a multi-stage production process especially when forming is included. Hence...For simplified processing, micro parts are handled as linked parts. The length of the frame structure of these linked parts can change during a multi-stage production process especially when forming is included. Hence, the positions of individual parts are not constant within the linkage. An individual referencing of the parts becomes necessary in each production step. In this paper, a visual high-speed on-line part referencing system is presented and analyzed. Especially, the trade-off between the highest possible feed velocity and the demand of high accuracy in micro production is taken into account. In addition to this general characterization application related testing with stepwise positioning is performed.展开更多
A seeding strategy was developed in the preparation of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine(HMX)explosive micro-particles by solvent-antisolvent method, to control their polymorphs from dangerous gamma(y) type to the des...A seeding strategy was developed in the preparation of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine(HMX)explosive micro-particles by solvent-antisolvent method, to control their polymorphs from dangerous gamma(y) type to the desired and standard beta(β) form with the size distribution of <10.0 μm, by using a low concentration of β-HMX fine particles as micro-seed in the antisolvent medium. All products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer. In the next step, the effective factors on the sizes and morphologies of micro-particles in the presence and absence of two soft templates of poly(ethylene glycol)-400(PEG-400) polymer and coconut fatty acid diethanolamide(lauramide) surfactant were investigated. The results of experiments showed that using of water-soluble PEG-400 in the low antisolvent temperatures leads to the production of very spherical particles. Also non-ionic surfactant of lauramide, direct the crystal growth to needle-like structures. The advantages of this method are its capability for the simple production of β-HMX micro-particles in the large scale production process, with the various crystal structures and particles size distributions.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species(ROS)have certain effect in cancer treatment,thus many studies have been focused on developing functional systems to generate ROS in tumor.Here,inspired by the multi-enzyme biocatalysis in organ...Reactive oxygen species(ROS)have certain effect in cancer treatment,thus many studies have been focused on developing functional systems to generate ROS in tumor.Here,inspired by the multi-enzyme biocatalysis in organisms,novel ultrasound-triggered temporospatial catalytic cascades systems are presented based on barium titanate(BTO)and platinum(Pt)co-loaded multi-component micropar-ticles(Pt/BTO@MCMPs)to successively achieve oxygen and ROS production for tumor sonodynamic therapy.By using a customized capillary microfluidic device,the Pt/BTO@MCMPs are fabricated with Pt nanoparticles located in their core part and BTO nanocubes located in their peripheral part,alternating with blank porous hydrogel components for increasing interaction areas between the encap-sulated nanomaterials and the ambient substrates.In the microparticles,the Pt can catalyze hydrogen peroxide from the tumor microenvironment to generate O2 and H2O serving as substrates for piezoelectric catalytic reactions,contributing to additional generation of ROS under US activation.Based on the system,it is demon-strated that the Pt/BTO@MCMPs are featured with excellent biocompatibility under normal biological conditions and show desired tumor eradication properties under ultrasound irradiation in mice carrying pancreatic tumors.These results indicate that the proposed ultrasound-triggered temporospatial catalytic cascades systems are promising for clinic anti-tumor applications.展开更多
The printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE) is receiving wide attention as a new kind of compact heat exchanger and is considered as a promising vaporizer in the LNG process. In this paper, a PCHE straight channel in the...The printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE) is receiving wide attention as a new kind of compact heat exchanger and is considered as a promising vaporizer in the LNG process. In this paper, a PCHE straight channel in the length of 500 mm is established, with a semicircular cross section in a diameter of 1.2 mm.Numerical simulation is employed to investigate the flow and heat transfer performance of supercritical methane in the channel. The pseudo-boiling theory is adopted and the liquid-like, two-phase-like, and vapor-like regimes are divided for supercritical methane to analyze the heat transfer and flow features.The results are presented in micro segment to show the local convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. It shows that the convective heat transfer coefficient in segments along the channel has a significant peak feature near the pseudo-critical point and a heat transfer deterioration when the average fluid temperature in the segment is higher than the pseudo-critical point. The reason is explained with the generation of vapor-like film near the channel wall that the peak feature related to a nucleateboiling-like state and heat transfer deterioration related to a film-boiling-like state. The effects of parameters, including mass flow rate, pressure, and wall heat flux on flow and heat transfer were analyzed.In calculating of the averaged heat transfer coefficient of the whole channel, the traditional method shows significant deviation and the micro segment weighted average method is adopted. The pressure drop can mainly be affected by the mass flux and pressure and little affected by the wall heat flux. The peak of the convective heat transfer coefficient can only form at high mass flux, low wall heat flux, and near critical pressure, in which condition the nucleate-boiling-like state is easier to appear. Moreover,heat transfer deterioration will always appear, since the supercritical flow will finally develop into a filmboiling-like state. So heat transfer deterioration should be taken seriously in the design and safe operation of vaporizer PCHE. The study of this work clarified the local heat transfer and flow feature of supercritical methane in microchannel and contributed to the deep understanding of supercritical methane flow of the vaporization process in PCHE.展开更多
DNA methylation has been extensively investigated in recent years,not least because of its known relationship with various diseases.Progress in analytical methods can greatly increase the relevance of DNA methylation ...DNA methylation has been extensively investigated in recent years,not least because of its known relationship with various diseases.Progress in analytical methods can greatly increase the relevance of DNA methylation studies to both clinical medicine and scientific research.Microflu-idic chips are excellent carriers for molecular analysis,and their use can provide improvements from multiple aspects.On-chip molecular analysis has received extensive attention owing to its advantages of portability,high throughput,low cost,and high efficiency.In recent years,the use of novel microfluidic chips for DNA methylation analysis has been widely reported and has shown obvious superiority to conventional methods.In this review,wefirst focus on DNA methylation and its applications.Then,we discuss advanced microfluidic-based methods for DNA methylation analysis and describe the great progress that has been made in recent years.Finally,we summarize the advantages that microfluidic technology brings to DNA methylation analysis and describe several challenges and perspectives for on-chip DNA methylation analysis.This review should help researchers improve their understanding and make progress in developing microfluidic-based methods for DNA methylation analysis.展开更多
Supercapacitor diode is a novel ion device that performs both supercapacitor energy storage and ion diode rectification functions.However,previously reported devices are limited by their large size and complex process...Supercapacitor diode is a novel ion device that performs both supercapacitor energy storage and ion diode rectification functions.However,previously reported devices are limited by their large size and complex processes.In this work,we demonstrate a screen-printed micro supercapacitor diode(MCAPode)that based on the insertion of a finger mode with spinel ZnCo_(2)O_(4) as cathode and activated carbon as anode for the first time,and featuring an excellent area specific capacitance(1.21 mF cm^(-2)at 10 mV s^(-1))and high rectification characteristics(rectification ratioⅠof 11.99 at 40 mV s^(-1)).Taking advantage of the ionic gel electrolyte,which provides excellent stability during repeated flexing and at high temperatures.In addition,MCAPode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and rectification capability in"AND"and"OR"logic gates.These findings provide practical solutions for future expansion of micro supercapacitor diode applications.展开更多
Understanding the physical,mechanical behavior,and seepage characteristics of coal under hydro-mechanical coupling holds significant importance for ensuring the stability of surrounding rock formations and preventing ...Understanding the physical,mechanical behavior,and seepage characteristics of coal under hydro-mechanical coupling holds significant importance for ensuring the stability of surrounding rock formations and preventing gas outbursts.Scanning electron microscopy,uniaxial tests,and triaxial tests were conducted to comprehensively analyze the macroscopic and microscopic physical and mechanical characteristics of coal under different soaking times.Moreover,by restoring the stress path and water injection conditions of the protective layer indoors,we explored the coal mining dynamic behavior and the evolution of permeability.The results show that water causes the micro-surface of coal to peel off and cracks to expand and develop.With the increase of soaking time,the uniaxial and triaxial strengths were gradually decreased with nonlinear trend,and decreased by 63.31%and 30.95%after soaking for 240 h,respectively.Under different water injection pressure conditions,coal permeability undergoes three stages during the mining loading process and ultimately increases to higher values.The peak stress of coal,the deviatoric stress and strain at the permeability surge point all decrease with increasing water injection pressure.The results of this research can help improve the understanding of the coal mechanical properties and seepage evolution law under hydro-mechanical coupling.展开更多
The current research of sandwich structures under dynamic loading mainly focus on the response characteristic of structure.The micro-topology of core layers would sufficiently influence the property of sandwich struct...The current research of sandwich structures under dynamic loading mainly focus on the response characteristic of structure.The micro-topology of core layers would sufficiently influence the property of sandwich structure.However,the micro deformation and topology mechanism of structural deformation and energy absorption are unclear.In this paper,based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization method and periodic base cell(PBC)technology,a topology optimization frame work is proposed to optimize the core layer of sandwich beams.The objective of the present optimization problem is to maximize shear stiffness of PBC with a volume constraint.The effects of the volume fraction,filter radius,and initial PBC aspect ratio on the micro-topology of the core were discussed.The dynamic response process,core compression,and energy absorption capacity of the sandwich beams under blast impact loading were analyzed by the finite element method.The results demonstrated that the overpressure action stage was coupled with the core compression stage.Under the same loading and mass per unit area,the sandwich beam with a 20%volume fraction core layer had the best blast resistance.The filter radius has a slight effect on the shear stiffness and blast resistances of the sandwich beams.But increasing the filter radius could slightly improve the bending stiffness.Upon changing the initial PBC aspect ratio,there are three ways for PBC evolution:The first is to change the angle between the adjacent bars,the second is to further form holes in the bars,and the third is to combine the first two ways.However,not all three ways can improve the energy absorption capacity of the structure.Changing the aspect ratio of the PBC arbitrarily may lead to worse results.More studies are necessary for further detailed optimization.This research proposes a new topology sandwich beam structure by micro-topology optimization,which has sufficient shear stiffness.The micro mechanism of structural energy absorption is clarified,it is significant for structural energy absorption design.展开更多
The rapid advancement in the miniaturization,integration,and intelligence of electronic devices has escalated the demand for customizable microsupercapacitors(MSCs)with high energy density.However,efficient microfabri...The rapid advancement in the miniaturization,integration,and intelligence of electronic devices has escalated the demand for customizable microsupercapacitors(MSCs)with high energy density.However,efficient microfabrication of safe and high‐energy MXene MSCs for integrating microelectronics remains a significant challenge due to the low voltage window in aqueous electrolytes(typically≤0.6 V)and limited areal mass loading of MXene microelectrodes.Here,we tackle these challenges by developing a highconcentration(18mol kg^(−1))“water‐in‐LiBr”(WiB)gel electrolyte for MXene symmetric MSCs(M‐SMSCs),demonstrating a record high voltage window of 1.8 V.Subsequently,additive‐free aqueous MXene ink with excellent rheological behavior is developed for three‐dimensional(3D)printing customizable all‐MXene microelectrodes on various substrates.Leveraging the synergy of a highvoltage WiB gel electrolyte and 3D‐printed microelectrodes,quasi‐solid‐state MSMSCs operating stably at 1.8 V are constructed,and achieve an ultrahigh areal energy density of 1772μWhcm^(−2) and excellent low‐temperature tolerance,with a long‐term operation at−40℃.Finally,by extending the 3D printing protocol,M‐SMSCs are integrated with humidity sensors on a single planar substrate,demonstrating their reliability in miniaturized integrated microsystems.展开更多
As the protective component,steel plate had attracted extensive attention because of frequently threats of explosive loads.In this paper,the evolution of microstructure and the mechanism of damage in the quasi-crackin...As the protective component,steel plate had attracted extensive attention because of frequently threats of explosive loads.In this paper,the evolution of microstructure and the mechanism of damage in the quasi-cracking area of steel plate subjected to explosive load were discussed and the relationships between micro defects and dynamic mechanical response were revealed.After the explosion experiment,five observation points were selected equidistant from the quasi-cracking area of the section of the steel plate along the thickness direction,and the characteristics of micro defects at the observation points were analyzed by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD).The observation result shows that many slip bands(SBs) appeared,and the grain orientation changed obviously in the steel plate,the two were the main damage types of micro defects.In addition,cracks,peeling pits,grooves and other lager micro defects were appeared in the lower area of the plate.The stress parameters of the observation points were obtained through an effective numerical model.The mechanism of damage generation and crack propagation in the quasicracking area were clarified by comparing the specific impulse of each observation point with the corresponding micro defects.The result shows that the generation and expansion of micro defects are related to the stress area(i.e.the upper compression area,the neutral plane area,and the lower tension area).The micro defects gather and expand at the grain boundary,and will become macroscopic damage under the continuous action of tensile stress.Besides,the micro defects at the midpoint of the section of the steel plate in the direction away from the explosion center(i.e.the horizontal direction) were also studied.It was found that the specific impulse at these positions were much smaller than that in the thickness direction,the micro defects were only SBs and a few micro cracks,and the those decreased with the increase of the distance from the explosion center.展开更多
A crystal plasticity finite element model was developed for the drawing deformation of pure copper micro wire,based on rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory.The impact of wire diameter compression ratio on the micr...A crystal plasticity finite element model was developed for the drawing deformation of pure copper micro wire,based on rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory.The impact of wire diameter compression ratio on the micro-mechanical deformation behavior during the wire drawing process was investigated.Results indicate that the internal deformation and slip of the drawn wire are unevenly distributed,forming distinct slip and non-slip zones.Additionally,horizontal strain concentration bands develop within the drawn wire.As the wire diameter compression ratio increases,the strength of the slip systems and the extent of slip zones inside the deformation zone also increase.However,the fluctuating stress state,induced by contact pressure and frictional stress,results in a rough and uneven wire surface and diminishes the stability of the drawing process.展开更多
As the basic protective element, steel plate had attracted world-wide attention because of frequent threats of explosive loads. This paper reports the relationships between microscopic defects of Q345 steel plate unde...As the basic protective element, steel plate had attracted world-wide attention because of frequent threats of explosive loads. This paper reports the relationships between microscopic defects of Q345 steel plate under the explosive load and its macroscopic dynamics simulation. Firstly, the defect characteristics of the steel plate were investigated by stereoscopic microscope(SM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). At the macroscopic level, the defect was the formation of cave which was concentrated in the range of 0-3.0 cm from the explosion center, while at the microscopic level, the cavity and void formation were the typical damage characteristics. It also explains that the difference in defect morphology at different positions was the combining results of high temperature and high pressure. Secondly, the variation rules of mechanical properties of steel plate under explosive load were studied. The Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE) algorithm and multi-material fluid-structure coupling method were used to simulate the explosion process of steel plate. The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the deformation of the simulation results with the experimental results, the pressure and stress at different positions on the surface of the steel plate were obtained. The simulation results indicated that the critical pressure causing the plate defects may be approximately 2.01 GPa. On this basis, it was found that the variation rules of surface pressure and microscopic defect area of the Q345 steel plate were strikingly similar, and the corresponding mathematical relationship between them was established. Compared with Monomolecular growth fitting models(MGFM) and Logistic fitting models(LFM), the relationship can be better expressed by cubic polynomial fitting model(CPFM). This paper illustrated that the explosive defect characteristics of metal plate at the microscopic level can be explored by analyzing its macroscopic dynamic mechanical response.展开更多
Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to their unique motion characteristics in various media and d...Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to their unique motion characteristics in various media and diverse functionalities.Researchers are developing micro/nanorobots as innovative tools to improve sensing performance and miniaturize sensing systems,enabling in situ detection of substances that traditional sensing methods struggle to achieve.Over the past decade of development,significant research progress has been made in designing sensing strategies based on micro/nanorobots,employing various coordinated control and sensing approaches.This review summarizes the latest developments on micro/nanorobots for remote sensing applications by utilizing the self-generated signals of the robots,robot behavior,microrobotic manipulation,and robot-environment interactions.Providing recent studies and relevant applications in remote sensing,we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent sensing platforms to achieve sensing in complex environments,translating lab research achievements into widespread real applications.展开更多
Adsorbents with high adsorption efficiency and excellent biosafety for biomedical applications are highly required.MXene is a promising candidate owning these advantages,yet pristine MXene faces dilemmas including insu...Adsorbents with high adsorption efficiency and excellent biosafety for biomedical applications are highly required.MXene is a promising candidate owning these advantages,yet pristine MXene faces dilemmas including insufficient utility of sur-face site as well as limited processibility.Here,we develop MXene-encapsulated porous microcapsules via microfluidics.The microcapsules have a biomass hydrogel shell that provides robust support for MXene in the core,by which the microcapsules are endowed with high MXene dosage and remarkable biosafety.Additionally,the MXene nanoflakes assemble into a three-dimensional network via metal ion-induced gelation,thereby avoiding restacking and significantly improving surface utiliza-tion.Moreover,a freeze-pretreatment of the microcapsules during preparation results in the formation of a macroporous structure in the shell,which can facilitate the diffusion of the target molecules.These features,combined with additional magneto-responsiveness rendered by the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles,contribute to prominent performances of the microcapsules in cleaning uremia toxins including creatinine,urea,and uric acid.Thus,it is anticipated that the MXene-encapsulated microcapsules will be promising adsorbents in dialysis-related applications,and the combination of microfluidic encapsulation with metal ion gelation will provide a novel approach for construction of hybrid MXene materials with desired functions.展开更多
Quantum light sources are the core resources for photonics-based quantum information processing.We investigate the spectral engineering of photon triplets generated by third-order spontaneous parametric down-conversio...Quantum light sources are the core resources for photonics-based quantum information processing.We investigate the spectral engineering of photon triplets generated by third-order spontaneous parametric down-conversion in micro/nanofiber.The phase mismatching at one-third pump frequency gives rise to non-degenerate photon triplets,the joint spectral intensity of which has an elliptical locus with a fixed eccentricity of√6/3.Therefore,we propose a frequency-division scheme to separate non-degenerate photon triplets into three channels with high heralding efficiency for the first time.Choosing an appropriate pump wavelength can compensate for the fabrication errors of micro/nanofiber and also generate narrowband,non-degenerate photon triplet sources with a high signal-to-noise ratio.Furthermore,the long-period micro/nanofiber grating introduces a new controllable degree of freedom to tailor phase matching,resulting from the periodic oscillation of dispersion.In this scheme,the wavelength of photon triplets can be flexibly tuned using quasi-phase matching.We study the generation of photon triplets from this novel perspective of spectrum engineering,and we believe that this work will accelerate the practical implementation of photon triplets in quantum information processing.展开更多
This paper investigates the bending fracture problem of a micro/nanoscale cantilever thin plate with surface energy,where the clamped boundary is partially debonded along the thickness direction.Some fundamental mecha...This paper investigates the bending fracture problem of a micro/nanoscale cantilever thin plate with surface energy,where the clamped boundary is partially debonded along the thickness direction.Some fundamental mechanical equations for the bending problem of micro/nanoscale plates are given by the Kirchhoff theory of thin plates,incorporating the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity theory.For two typical cases of constant bending moment and uniform shear force in the debonded segment,the associated problems are reduced to two mixed boundary value problems.By solving the resulting mixed boundary value problems using the Fourier integral transform,a new type of singular integral equation with two Cauchy kernels is obtained for each case,and the exact solutions in terms of the fundamental functions are determined using the PoincareBertrand formula.Asymptotic elastic fields near the debonded tips including the bending moment,effective shear force,and bulk stress components exhibit the oscillatory singularity.The dependence relations among the singular fields,the material constants,and the plate's thickness are analyzed for partially debonded cantilever micro-plates.If surface energy is neglected,these results reduce the bending fracture of a macroscale partially debonded cantilever plate,which has not been previously reported.展开更多
文摘For simplified processing, micro parts are handled as linked parts. The length of the frame structure of these linked parts can change during a multi-stage production process especially when forming is included. Hence, the positions of individual parts are not constant within the linkage. An individual referencing of the parts becomes necessary in each production step. In this paper, a visual high-speed on-line part referencing system is presented and analyzed. Especially, the trade-off between the highest possible feed velocity and the demand of high accuracy in micro production is taken into account. In addition to this general characterization application related testing with stepwise positioning is performed.
基金financial support of this work by Malek-ashtar University of Technology(I.R.Iran)Grant No.1395064
文摘A seeding strategy was developed in the preparation of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine(HMX)explosive micro-particles by solvent-antisolvent method, to control their polymorphs from dangerous gamma(y) type to the desired and standard beta(β) form with the size distribution of <10.0 μm, by using a low concentration of β-HMX fine particles as micro-seed in the antisolvent medium. All products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer. In the next step, the effective factors on the sizes and morphologies of micro-particles in the presence and absence of two soft templates of poly(ethylene glycol)-400(PEG-400) polymer and coconut fatty acid diethanolamide(lauramide) surfactant were investigated. The results of experiments showed that using of water-soluble PEG-400 in the low antisolvent temperatures leads to the production of very spherical particles. Also non-ionic surfactant of lauramide, direct the crystal growth to needle-like structures. The advantages of this method are its capability for the simple production of β-HMX micro-particles in the large scale production process, with the various crystal structures and particles size distributions.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2020YFA0908200National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52073060,81720108022+1 种基金Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation,Grant/Award Number:ZKX21019Clinical Trials from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,Grant/Award Number:2022-LCYJ-ZD-01。
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS)have certain effect in cancer treatment,thus many studies have been focused on developing functional systems to generate ROS in tumor.Here,inspired by the multi-enzyme biocatalysis in organisms,novel ultrasound-triggered temporospatial catalytic cascades systems are presented based on barium titanate(BTO)and platinum(Pt)co-loaded multi-component micropar-ticles(Pt/BTO@MCMPs)to successively achieve oxygen and ROS production for tumor sonodynamic therapy.By using a customized capillary microfluidic device,the Pt/BTO@MCMPs are fabricated with Pt nanoparticles located in their core part and BTO nanocubes located in their peripheral part,alternating with blank porous hydrogel components for increasing interaction areas between the encap-sulated nanomaterials and the ambient substrates.In the microparticles,the Pt can catalyze hydrogen peroxide from the tumor microenvironment to generate O2 and H2O serving as substrates for piezoelectric catalytic reactions,contributing to additional generation of ROS under US activation.Based on the system,it is demon-strated that the Pt/BTO@MCMPs are featured with excellent biocompatibility under normal biological conditions and show desired tumor eradication properties under ultrasound irradiation in mice carrying pancreatic tumors.These results indicate that the proposed ultrasound-triggered temporospatial catalytic cascades systems are promising for clinic anti-tumor applications.
基金provided by Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(No.20230101338JC)。
文摘The printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE) is receiving wide attention as a new kind of compact heat exchanger and is considered as a promising vaporizer in the LNG process. In this paper, a PCHE straight channel in the length of 500 mm is established, with a semicircular cross section in a diameter of 1.2 mm.Numerical simulation is employed to investigate the flow and heat transfer performance of supercritical methane in the channel. The pseudo-boiling theory is adopted and the liquid-like, two-phase-like, and vapor-like regimes are divided for supercritical methane to analyze the heat transfer and flow features.The results are presented in micro segment to show the local convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. It shows that the convective heat transfer coefficient in segments along the channel has a significant peak feature near the pseudo-critical point and a heat transfer deterioration when the average fluid temperature in the segment is higher than the pseudo-critical point. The reason is explained with the generation of vapor-like film near the channel wall that the peak feature related to a nucleateboiling-like state and heat transfer deterioration related to a film-boiling-like state. The effects of parameters, including mass flow rate, pressure, and wall heat flux on flow and heat transfer were analyzed.In calculating of the averaged heat transfer coefficient of the whole channel, the traditional method shows significant deviation and the micro segment weighted average method is adopted. The pressure drop can mainly be affected by the mass flux and pressure and little affected by the wall heat flux. The peak of the convective heat transfer coefficient can only form at high mass flux, low wall heat flux, and near critical pressure, in which condition the nucleate-boiling-like state is easier to appear. Moreover,heat transfer deterioration will always appear, since the supercritical flow will finally develop into a filmboiling-like state. So heat transfer deterioration should be taken seriously in the design and safe operation of vaporizer PCHE. The study of this work clarified the local heat transfer and flow feature of supercritical methane in microchannel and contributed to the deep understanding of supercritical methane flow of the vaporization process in PCHE.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0118700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant No.62174119)+1 种基金the 111 Project(Grant No.B07014)the Foundation for Talent Scientists of Nanchang Institute for Microtechnology of Tianjin University.
文摘DNA methylation has been extensively investigated in recent years,not least because of its known relationship with various diseases.Progress in analytical methods can greatly increase the relevance of DNA methylation studies to both clinical medicine and scientific research.Microflu-idic chips are excellent carriers for molecular analysis,and their use can provide improvements from multiple aspects.On-chip molecular analysis has received extensive attention owing to its advantages of portability,high throughput,low cost,and high efficiency.In recent years,the use of novel microfluidic chips for DNA methylation analysis has been widely reported and has shown obvious superiority to conventional methods.In this review,wefirst focus on DNA methylation and its applications.Then,we discuss advanced microfluidic-based methods for DNA methylation analysis and describe the great progress that has been made in recent years.Finally,we summarize the advantages that microfluidic technology brings to DNA methylation analysis and describe several challenges and perspectives for on-chip DNA methylation analysis.This review should help researchers improve their understanding and make progress in developing microfluidic-based methods for DNA methylation analysis.
基金the financial support from the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(12131010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279166)+2 种基金the Special Project for Marine Economy Development of Guangdong Province(GDNRC[2023]26)the International Cooperation Base of Infrared Reflection Liquid Crystal Polymers and Device(2015B050501010)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515120019)。
文摘Supercapacitor diode is a novel ion device that performs both supercapacitor energy storage and ion diode rectification functions.However,previously reported devices are limited by their large size and complex processes.In this work,we demonstrate a screen-printed micro supercapacitor diode(MCAPode)that based on the insertion of a finger mode with spinel ZnCo_(2)O_(4) as cathode and activated carbon as anode for the first time,and featuring an excellent area specific capacitance(1.21 mF cm^(-2)at 10 mV s^(-1))and high rectification characteristics(rectification ratioⅠof 11.99 at 40 mV s^(-1)).Taking advantage of the ionic gel electrolyte,which provides excellent stability during repeated flexing and at high temperatures.In addition,MCAPode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and rectification capability in"AND"and"OR"logic gates.These findings provide practical solutions for future expansion of micro supercapacitor diode applications.
基金Project(52225403)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023YFF0615401)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China+1 种基金Projects(2023NSFSC0004,2023NSFSC0790)supported by Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province,ChinaProject(2021-CMCUKFZD001)supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization,China。
文摘Understanding the physical,mechanical behavior,and seepage characteristics of coal under hydro-mechanical coupling holds significant importance for ensuring the stability of surrounding rock formations and preventing gas outbursts.Scanning electron microscopy,uniaxial tests,and triaxial tests were conducted to comprehensively analyze the macroscopic and microscopic physical and mechanical characteristics of coal under different soaking times.Moreover,by restoring the stress path and water injection conditions of the protective layer indoors,we explored the coal mining dynamic behavior and the evolution of permeability.The results show that water causes the micro-surface of coal to peel off and cracks to expand and develop.With the increase of soaking time,the uniaxial and triaxial strengths were gradually decreased with nonlinear trend,and decreased by 63.31%and 30.95%after soaking for 240 h,respectively.Under different water injection pressure conditions,coal permeability undergoes three stages during the mining loading process and ultimately increases to higher values.The peak stress of coal,the deviatoric stress and strain at the permeability surge point all decrease with increasing water injection pressure.The results of this research can help improve the understanding of the coal mechanical properties and seepage evolution law under hydro-mechanical coupling.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12072219,12202303,12272254)Shanxi Provincial Excellent Talents Science and Technology Innovation Project of China (Grant No.201805D211033)。
文摘The current research of sandwich structures under dynamic loading mainly focus on the response characteristic of structure.The micro-topology of core layers would sufficiently influence the property of sandwich structure.However,the micro deformation and topology mechanism of structural deformation and energy absorption are unclear.In this paper,based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization method and periodic base cell(PBC)technology,a topology optimization frame work is proposed to optimize the core layer of sandwich beams.The objective of the present optimization problem is to maximize shear stiffness of PBC with a volume constraint.The effects of the volume fraction,filter radius,and initial PBC aspect ratio on the micro-topology of the core were discussed.The dynamic response process,core compression,and energy absorption capacity of the sandwich beams under blast impact loading were analyzed by the finite element method.The results demonstrated that the overpressure action stage was coupled with the core compression stage.Under the same loading and mass per unit area,the sandwich beam with a 20%volume fraction core layer had the best blast resistance.The filter radius has a slight effect on the shear stiffness and blast resistances of the sandwich beams.But increasing the filter radius could slightly improve the bending stiffness.Upon changing the initial PBC aspect ratio,there are three ways for PBC evolution:The first is to change the angle between the adjacent bars,the second is to further form holes in the bars,and the third is to combine the first two ways.However,not all three ways can improve the energy absorption capacity of the structure.Changing the aspect ratio of the PBC arbitrarily may lead to worse results.More studies are necessary for further detailed optimization.This research proposes a new topology sandwich beam structure by micro-topology optimization,which has sufficient shear stiffness.The micro mechanism of structural energy absorption is clarified,it is significant for structural energy absorption design.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22005297,22125903,51872283,22209175,22209176National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2022YFA1504100+8 种基金Support Program for Excellent Young Talents in Universities of Anhui Province,Grant/Award Number:2022AH030134Anhui Province Higher Education Innovation Team:Key Technologies and Equipment Innovation Team for Clean Energy,Grant/Award Number:2023AH010055Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:XDB36030200Dalian Innovation Support Plan for High Level Talents,Grant/Award Number:2019RT09Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(DNL),CAS,DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS,Grant/Award Numbers:DNL202016,DNL202019,DNL202003DICP,Grant/Award Number:DICP I2020032Doctor Research Startup Foundation of Suzhou University,Grant/Award Number:2023BSK015China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2020M680995,2021M693127International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program,Grant/Award Number:YJ20210311。
文摘The rapid advancement in the miniaturization,integration,and intelligence of electronic devices has escalated the demand for customizable microsupercapacitors(MSCs)with high energy density.However,efficient microfabrication of safe and high‐energy MXene MSCs for integrating microelectronics remains a significant challenge due to the low voltage window in aqueous electrolytes(typically≤0.6 V)and limited areal mass loading of MXene microelectrodes.Here,we tackle these challenges by developing a highconcentration(18mol kg^(−1))“water‐in‐LiBr”(WiB)gel electrolyte for MXene symmetric MSCs(M‐SMSCs),demonstrating a record high voltage window of 1.8 V.Subsequently,additive‐free aqueous MXene ink with excellent rheological behavior is developed for three‐dimensional(3D)printing customizable all‐MXene microelectrodes on various substrates.Leveraging the synergy of a highvoltage WiB gel electrolyte and 3D‐printed microelectrodes,quasi‐solid‐state MSMSCs operating stably at 1.8 V are constructed,and achieve an ultrahigh areal energy density of 1772μWhcm^(−2) and excellent low‐temperature tolerance,with a long‐term operation at−40℃.Finally,by extending the 3D printing protocol,M‐SMSCs are integrated with humidity sensors on a single planar substrate,demonstrating their reliability in miniaturized integrated microsystems.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Fire Rescue Bureau of Ministry of Emergency Management (Grant No.2022XFZD05)S&T Program of Hebei(Grant No.22375419D)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11802160)。
文摘As the protective component,steel plate had attracted extensive attention because of frequently threats of explosive loads.In this paper,the evolution of microstructure and the mechanism of damage in the quasi-cracking area of steel plate subjected to explosive load were discussed and the relationships between micro defects and dynamic mechanical response were revealed.After the explosion experiment,five observation points were selected equidistant from the quasi-cracking area of the section of the steel plate along the thickness direction,and the characteristics of micro defects at the observation points were analyzed by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD).The observation result shows that many slip bands(SBs) appeared,and the grain orientation changed obviously in the steel plate,the two were the main damage types of micro defects.In addition,cracks,peeling pits,grooves and other lager micro defects were appeared in the lower area of the plate.The stress parameters of the observation points were obtained through an effective numerical model.The mechanism of damage generation and crack propagation in the quasicracking area were clarified by comparing the specific impulse of each observation point with the corresponding micro defects.The result shows that the generation and expansion of micro defects are related to the stress area(i.e.the upper compression area,the neutral plane area,and the lower tension area).The micro defects gather and expand at the grain boundary,and will become macroscopic damage under the continuous action of tensile stress.Besides,the micro defects at the midpoint of the section of the steel plate in the direction away from the explosion center(i.e.the horizontal direction) were also studied.It was found that the specific impulse at these positions were much smaller than that in the thickness direction,the micro defects were only SBs and a few micro cracks,and the those decreased with the increase of the distance from the explosion center.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A2051,52173297,52071133)the R&D Projects of Henan Academy of Sciences of China(No.220910009)+2 种基金the Key R&D and Promotion Projects of Henan Province of China(No.212102210441)the Joint Fund of Henan Science and Technology R&D Plan of China(No.222103810037)the Zhongyuan Scholar Workstation Funded Project of China(No.214400510028).
文摘A crystal plasticity finite element model was developed for the drawing deformation of pure copper micro wire,based on rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory.The impact of wire diameter compression ratio on the micro-mechanical deformation behavior during the wire drawing process was investigated.Results indicate that the internal deformation and slip of the drawn wire are unevenly distributed,forming distinct slip and non-slip zones.Additionally,horizontal strain concentration bands develop within the drawn wire.As the wire diameter compression ratio increases,the strength of the slip systems and the extent of slip zones inside the deformation zone also increase.However,the fluctuating stress state,induced by contact pressure and frictional stress,results in a rough and uneven wire surface and diminishes the stability of the drawing process.
基金Science and Technology Project of Fire Rescue Bureau of Ministry of Emergency Management(Grant No.2022XFZD05)S&T Program of Hebei(Grant No.22375419D)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11802160).
文摘As the basic protective element, steel plate had attracted world-wide attention because of frequent threats of explosive loads. This paper reports the relationships between microscopic defects of Q345 steel plate under the explosive load and its macroscopic dynamics simulation. Firstly, the defect characteristics of the steel plate were investigated by stereoscopic microscope(SM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). At the macroscopic level, the defect was the formation of cave which was concentrated in the range of 0-3.0 cm from the explosion center, while at the microscopic level, the cavity and void formation were the typical damage characteristics. It also explains that the difference in defect morphology at different positions was the combining results of high temperature and high pressure. Secondly, the variation rules of mechanical properties of steel plate under explosive load were studied. The Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE) algorithm and multi-material fluid-structure coupling method were used to simulate the explosion process of steel plate. The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the deformation of the simulation results with the experimental results, the pressure and stress at different positions on the surface of the steel plate were obtained. The simulation results indicated that the critical pressure causing the plate defects may be approximately 2.01 GPa. On this basis, it was found that the variation rules of surface pressure and microscopic defect area of the Q345 steel plate were strikingly similar, and the corresponding mathematical relationship between them was established. Compared with Monomolecular growth fitting models(MGFM) and Logistic fitting models(LFM), the relationship can be better expressed by cubic polynomial fitting model(CPFM). This paper illustrated that the explosive defect characteristics of metal plate at the microscopic level can be explored by analyzing its macroscopic dynamic mechanical response.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation under Project No. 52205590the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Project No. BK20220834+4 种基金the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University under Project No. RF1028623098the Xiaomi Foundation/ Xiaomi Young Talents Programsupported by the Research Impact Fund (project no. R4015-21)Research Fellow Scheme (project no. RFS2122-4S03)the EU-Hong Kong Research and Innovation Cooperation Co-funding Mechanism (project no. E-CUHK401/20) from the Research Grants Council (RGC) of Hong Kong, the SIAT-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, and the Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center (MRC), InnoHK, at the Hong Kong Science Park
文摘Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to their unique motion characteristics in various media and diverse functionalities.Researchers are developing micro/nanorobots as innovative tools to improve sensing performance and miniaturize sensing systems,enabling in situ detection of substances that traditional sensing methods struggle to achieve.Over the past decade of development,significant research progress has been made in designing sensing strategies based on micro/nanorobots,employing various coordinated control and sensing approaches.This review summarizes the latest developments on micro/nanorobots for remote sensing applications by utilizing the self-generated signals of the robots,robot behavior,microrobotic manipulation,and robot-environment interactions.Providing recent studies and relevant applications in remote sensing,we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent sensing platforms to achieve sensing in complex environments,translating lab research achievements into widespread real applications.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2020YFA0908200Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:XDB33030300+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32271383Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS,Grant/Award Number:2021007。
文摘Adsorbents with high adsorption efficiency and excellent biosafety for biomedical applications are highly required.MXene is a promising candidate owning these advantages,yet pristine MXene faces dilemmas including insufficient utility of sur-face site as well as limited processibility.Here,we develop MXene-encapsulated porous microcapsules via microfluidics.The microcapsules have a biomass hydrogel shell that provides robust support for MXene in the core,by which the microcapsules are endowed with high MXene dosage and remarkable biosafety.Additionally,the MXene nanoflakes assemble into a three-dimensional network via metal ion-induced gelation,thereby avoiding restacking and significantly improving surface utiliza-tion.Moreover,a freeze-pretreatment of the microcapsules during preparation results in the formation of a macroporous structure in the shell,which can facilitate the diffusion of the target molecules.These features,combined with additional magneto-responsiveness rendered by the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles,contribute to prominent performances of the microcapsules in cleaning uremia toxins including creatinine,urea,and uric acid.Thus,it is anticipated that the MXene-encapsulated microcapsules will be promising adsorbents in dialysis-related applications,and the combination of microfluidic encapsulation with metal ion gelation will provide a novel approach for construction of hybrid MXene materials with desired functions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61605249)the Science and Technology Key Project of Henan Province of China(Grant Nos.182102210577 and 232102211086).
文摘Quantum light sources are the core resources for photonics-based quantum information processing.We investigate the spectral engineering of photon triplets generated by third-order spontaneous parametric down-conversion in micro/nanofiber.The phase mismatching at one-third pump frequency gives rise to non-degenerate photon triplets,the joint spectral intensity of which has an elliptical locus with a fixed eccentricity of√6/3.Therefore,we propose a frequency-division scheme to separate non-degenerate photon triplets into three channels with high heralding efficiency for the first time.Choosing an appropriate pump wavelength can compensate for the fabrication errors of micro/nanofiber and also generate narrowband,non-degenerate photon triplet sources with a high signal-to-noise ratio.Furthermore,the long-period micro/nanofiber grating introduces a new controllable degree of freedom to tailor phase matching,resulting from the periodic oscillation of dispersion.In this scheme,the wavelength of photon triplets can be flexibly tuned using quasi-phase matching.We study the generation of photon triplets from this novel perspective of spectrum engineering,and we believe that this work will accelerate the practical implementation of photon triplets in quantum information processing.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372086,12072374,and 12102485)。
文摘This paper investigates the bending fracture problem of a micro/nanoscale cantilever thin plate with surface energy,where the clamped boundary is partially debonded along the thickness direction.Some fundamental mechanical equations for the bending problem of micro/nanoscale plates are given by the Kirchhoff theory of thin plates,incorporating the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity theory.For two typical cases of constant bending moment and uniform shear force in the debonded segment,the associated problems are reduced to two mixed boundary value problems.By solving the resulting mixed boundary value problems using the Fourier integral transform,a new type of singular integral equation with two Cauchy kernels is obtained for each case,and the exact solutions in terms of the fundamental functions are determined using the PoincareBertrand formula.Asymptotic elastic fields near the debonded tips including the bending moment,effective shear force,and bulk stress components exhibit the oscillatory singularity.The dependence relations among the singular fields,the material constants,and the plate's thickness are analyzed for partially debonded cantilever micro-plates.If surface energy is neglected,these results reduce the bending fracture of a macroscale partially debonded cantilever plate,which has not been previously reported.