Synergistic Treatment of Low-concentration Organic Waste Gas by Micro-nano Bubble Coordinated with Peroxymonosulfate

Continuous dynamic experiment was conducted for the treatment of low-concentration organic waste gas with xylene as a representative, using micro-nano bubble and peroxymonosulfate working in synergy. The degradation rule of xylene under different conditions such as the ORP value of the spray liquid, pH value of the spray liquid, liquid-gas ratio of the spray liquid, residence time of xylene, and initial concentration of xylene was investigated. The results showed that at a low concentration, the pH value of the spray liquid had little effect on the degradation rate of xylene. The degradation rate of xylene rose with the increase of the ORP value of the spray liquid, the liquid-gas ratio of the spray liquid, the residence time of xylene, and the initial concentration of xylene.

Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by a hierarchical micro-nano porous carbon material

A hierarchical micro-nano porous carbon material (MNC) was prepared using expanded graphite (EG), sucrose, and phosphoric acid as raw materials, followed by sucrose-phosphoric acid solution impregnation, solidification, carbonization and activation. Nitrogen adsorption and mercury porosimetry show that mixed nanopores and micropores coexist in MNC with a high specific surface area of 1978 m2·g-1 and a total pore volume of 0.99 cm3·g-1. In addition, the MNC is found to consist of EG and activated carbon with the latter deposited on the interior and the exterior surfaces of the EG pores. The thickness of the activated carbon layer is calculated to be about one hundred nanometers and is further confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission election microscope (TEM). A maximum static phenol adsorption of 241.2 mg·g-1 was obtained by using MNC, slightly higher than that of 220.4 mg·g-1 by using commercial activated carbon (CAC). The phenol adsorption kinetics were investigated and the data fitted well to a pseudo-second-order model. Also, an intra-particle diffusion mechanism was proposed. Furthermore, it is found that the dynamic adsorption capacity of MNC is nearly three times that of CAC. The results suggest that the MNC is a more efficient adsorbent than CAC for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution.

Investigation on Surface Plasmon Polaritons and Localized Surface Plasmon Production Mechanism in Micro-Nano Structures

The simulation mechanism of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)and localized surface plasmon(LSP)in different structures was studied,including the Au reflection grating(Au grating),Au substrate with dielectric ribbons grating(Au substrate grating),and pure electric conductor(PEC)substrate with Au ribbons grating(Au ribbons grating).And the characteristics of the Smith-Purcell radiation in these structures were presented.Simulation results show that SPPs are excited on the bottom surface of Au substrate grating grooves and LSP is stimulated on the upper surface both of Au ribbons grating grooves and Au grating grooves.Owing to the irreconcilable contradiction between optimizing the grating diffraction radiation efficiency and optimizing the SPPs excitation efficiency in the Au substrate grating,only 40-times enhancement of the radiation intensity was obtained by excited SPPs.However,the LSP enhanced structure overcomes the above problem and gains much better radiation enhancement ability,with about 200-times enhancement obtained in the Au ribbons grating and more than 500-times enhancement obtained in the Au grating.The results presented here provide a way of developing miniature,integratable,tunable,high-power-density radiation sources from visible light to ultraviolet rays at room temperature.

Preparation of micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFe_2O_4 absorbent by self-reactive quenching method

Fe–Fe2O3–MnO2–sucrose–epoxy resin and O2 as reaction system and feed gas,separately,were used to prepare micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFe2O4absorbent by self-reactive quenching method which is integrated with flame jet,selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS),and rapidly solidification.The morphologies and phase compositions of hollow microspheres were studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results show that the quenching products are regular spherical substantially with hollow structure,particle size is between few hundreds nanometers and 5 lm.Phase compositions are diphase of Fe3O4,Mn3O4,and MnFe2O4,and the spinel soft magnetic ferrite MnFe2O4 with microwave magnetic properties is in majority.Collisions with each other,burst as well as‘‘refinement’’of agglomerate powders in flame field may be the main reasons for the formation of micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFeOabsorbent.

Boosted Storage Kinetics in Thick Hierarchical Micro-Nano Carbon Architectures for High Areal Capacity Li-Ion Batteries

A practical and effective approach to increase the energy storage capacity of lithium ion batteries(LIBs)is to boost their areal capacity.Developing thick electrodes is one of the most crucial ways to achieve high areal capacity but limited by sluggish ion/electron transport,poor mechanical stability,and high-cost manufacturing strategies.Here we address these constraints by engineering a unique hierarchical-networked 10 mm thick all-carbon electrode,providing a scalable strategy to produce high areal capacity LIB electrodes.The hierarchical-networked structure utilizes micrometer-sized carbon fibers(MCFs)as building blocks,nano-sized carbon nanotubes(CNTs)as good continuous network with excellent electrical conductivity,and pyrolytic carbon as the binder and active material with excellent storage capacity.The combination of the above features endows our HNT-MCF/CNT/PC electrode with excellent performance including high reversible capacity of 15.44 mAh cm^(-2) at 2.0 mA cm^(-2) and exhibits excellent rate capability of 2.50 mAh cm^(-2) under 10.0 mA cm^(-2) current density.The Li-ion storage mechanism in HNT-MCF/CNT/PC involves dual-storage mechanism including intercalation and surface adsorption(pseudocapacitance)confirmed by the cyclic voltammetry and symmetric cell analysis.This work provides insights into the construction of high mechanical stability thick electrode for the next generation high areal capacity LIBs and beyond.

Potential application of functional micro-nano structures in petroleum

This paper takes micro-nano motors and metamaterials as examples to introduce the basic concept and development of functional micro nano structures, and analyzes the application potential of the micro-nano structure design and manufacturing technology in the petroleum industry. The functional micro-nano structure is the structure and device with special functions prepared to achieve a specific goal. New functional micro-nano structures are classified into mobile type(e.g. micro-nano motors) and fixed type(e.g. metamaterials), and 3 D printing technology is a developed method of manufacturing. Combining the demand for exploration and development in oil and gas fields and the research status of intelligent micro-nano structures, we believe that there are 3 potential application directions:(1) The intelligent micro-nano structures represented by metamaterials and smart coatings can be applied to the oil recovery engineering technology and equipment to improve the stability and reliability of petroleum equipment.(2) The smart micro-nano robots represented by micro-motors and smart microspheres can be applied to the development of new materials for enhanced oil recovery, effectively improving the development efficiency of heavy oil, shale oil and other resources.(3) The intelligent structure manufacturing technology represented by 3 D printing technology can be applied to the field of microfluidics in reservoir fluids to guide the selection of mine flooding agents and improve the efficiency of mining.

Bibliometric analysis of micro-nano manufacturing technologies

Manufacturing is the primary industry promoting economic and social development.For the past 30 years,the global trends of preciseness and device miniaturisation have promoted manufacturing to the micro(μ)and nano(η)scale.Identification of themost promising micro-nano manufacturing technologies(MNMT)is of interest to industry,academia and private and national science investing foundations.Considering the exponential broadening of the research area and an enormous volume of literature,providing an overview of the state of the art is far beyond the scope of a technical review paper.This study performs bibliometric analysis of a stream of academic literature devoted toμ-andη-machining.Themain goals of the analysis are to assess the current core and trends in the field ofMNMT.Literature and citation statistics from 1988 were collected from theWeb of Science,Google Scholar,Scopus,Engineering Village,ScienceDirect and SpringerLink databases and were then analysed and illustrated with Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software.The top keywords,articles,journals,authors,universities and countrieswere identified according to different parameters.The index of normalised influence was offered to evaluate the top element in each category.We observed that the most powerful keywords were present in well-known articles published in prominent journals by authoritative scientists at leading universities in the countries that are most actively engaged in MNMT.The implications of the research outcomes for investors and academicians are summarised in the conclusion.

ZnO micro-nano composite hydrophobic film prepared by the three-step method

The hydrophobicity of the lotus leaf is mainly due to its surface micro—nano composite structure.In order to mimic the lotus structure,ZnO micro-nano composite hydrophobic films were prepared via the three-step method.On thin buffer films of SiO_2,which were first fabricated on glass substrates by the sol—gel dip-coating method,a ZnO seed layer was deposited via RF magnetron sputtering.Then two different ZnO films,micro-nano and micro-only flowerlike structures,were grown by the hydrothermal method.The prepared films have different hydrophobic properties after surface modification.The structures of the obtained ZnO films were characterized using x-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy.A conclusion that a micro-nano composite structure is more beneficial to hydrophobicity than a micro-only structure was obtained through research into the effect of structure on hydrophobic properties.

Effect of Surface Roughness in Micro-nano Scale on Slotted Waveguide Arrays in Ku-band

Modeling of the roughness in micro-nano scale and its influence have not been fully investigated, however the roughness will cause amplitude and phase errors of the radiating slot, and decrease the precision and efficiency of the SWA in Ku-band. Firstly, the roughness is simulated using the electromechanical coupled(EC) model. The relationship between roughness and the antenna's radiation properties is obtained. For verification, an antenna prototype is manufactured and tested, and the simulation method is introduced. According to the prototype, a contrasting experiment dealing with the flatness of the radiating plane is conducted to test the simulation method. The advantage of the EC model is validated by comparisons of the EC model and two classical roughness models(sine wave and fractal function), which shows that the EC model gives a more accurate description model for roughness, the maximum error is 13%. The existence of roughness strongly broadens the beamwidth and raises the side-lobe level of SWA, which is 1.2 times greater than the ideal antenna. In addition, effect of the EC model's evaluation indices is investigated, the most affected scale of the roughness is found, which is 1/10 of the working wavelength. The proposed research provides the instruction for antenna designing and manufacturing.

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of micro-nano structured Li Fe1-xMnxPO4/C(0≤x≤0.05)cathode for lithium-ion batteries

Micro-nano structured Li Fe_(1-x)Mn_xPO_4/C(0≤x≤0.05)cathodes were prepared by spray drying,followed by calcination at 700°C.The spherical Li Fe_(1-x)Mn_xPO_4/C(0≤x≤0.05)particles with the size of 0.5 to5.0μm are composed of lots of nanoparticles of 20 to 30 nm,and have the well-developed interconnected pore structure.In contrast,when Mn doping content is 3 mol%(x=0.03),the Li Fe_(0.97)Mn_(0.03)PO_4/C demonstrates maximum specific surface area of 31.30 m^2/g,more uniform pore size and relatively better electrochemical performance.The initial discharge capacities are 161.59,157.04 and 153.13 m Ah/g at a discharge rate of 0.2,0.5 and 1 C,respectively.Meanwhile,the discharge capacity retentions are～100%after 120 cycles.The improved electrochemical performance should be attributed to higher specific surface,smaller polarization voltage,and a high Li^+diffusion rate due to the micro-nano porous structure and lattice expansion produced by Mn doping.

CoS_(2)/N,S co-doped mesoporous carbon with 3D micro-nano crosslinked structure as efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries

This work describes a bifunctional oxygen catalyst made of cobalt disulfide encapsulated in N,S codoped mesoporous carbon with a novel three-dimensional micro-nano crosslinking structure.The proposed composite materials exhibit promising oxygen electrocatalytic activity and stability.The composite assembled rechargeable zinc-air battery can achieve a high power density of 208.9 m W/cm^(2),and can be stably cycled for more than 160 h.Additionally,the all-solid zinc-air battery assembled with the electrocatalyst also performs admirably.The micro-nano crosslinking and high porosity structure,as well as the large number of active sites generated by the synergy of N,S doping and the close interface between carbon matrix and CoS_(2),contribute to the composite's exceptional electrochemical performance.This study's rational strategy lays the path for the development of other high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Fibrous Separator with Surface Modification and Micro-Nano Fibers Lamination Enabling Fast Ion Transport for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Appropriate materials collaborated with reasonable structure can significantly increase the separator performance for lithium-ion batteries.In this work,taking the advantages of microfibrous and nanofibrous membranes and compensating for their defects,we developed a composited separator(GOPPH)with excellent overall performance by first wetting-modifying the polyethylene terephthalate microfibers and then laminating a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene nanofiber layer.Such a combination not only offers the GOPPH separator,from the perspective of structure,with high porosity and hierarchical structure in terms of fiber diameter and pore size,but also provides satisfactory features including wettability,mechanical strength and thermal shutdown function that benefit from the selected materials.Meanwhile,as determined by experimental and theoretical approaches,the obtained GOPPH separator exhibits considerably enhanced lithium ion transport ability with a high lithium ion transference number and transport rate,which thereby endowing the cell with superior cycling stability with a capacity retention of 93%after 200 cycles at 1 C.Therefore,considering battery safety and performance,the GOPPH fibrous membrane could be a promising separator candidate for lithium-ion batteries.

Nanotopographic micro-nano forces finely tune the conformation of macrophage mechanosensitive membrane protein integrinβ_(2)to manipulate inflammatory responses

Finely tuning mechanosensitive membrane proteins holds great potential in precisely controlling inflammatory responses.In addition to macroscopic force,mechanosensitive membrane proteins are reported to be sensitive to micro-nano forces.Integrinβ_(2),for example,might undergo a piconewton scale stretching force in the activation state.High-aspect-ratio nanotopographic structures were found to generate nN-scale biomechanical force.Together with the advantages of uniform and precisely tunable structural parameters,it is fascinating to develop low-aspect-ratio nanotopographic structures to generate micro-nano forces for finely modulating their conformations and the subsequent mechanoimmiune responses.In this study,low-aspect-ratio nanotopographic structures were developed to finely manipulate the conformation of integrinβ_(2).The direct interaction of forces and the model molecule integrinαXβ_(2)was first performed.It was demonstrated that pressing force could successfully induce conformational compression and deactivation of integrinαXβ_(2),and approximately 270 to 720 pN may be required to inhibit its conformational extension and activation.Three low-aspect-ratio nanotopographic surfaces(nanohemispheres,nanorods,and nanoholes)with various structural parameters were specially designed to generate the micro-nano forces.It was found that the nanorods and nanohemispheres surfaces induce greater contact pressure at the contact interface between macrophages and nanotopographic structures,particularly after cell adhesion.These higher contact pressures successfully inhibited the conformational extension and activation of integrinβ_(2),suppressing focal adhesion activity and the downstream PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,reducing NF-κB signaling and macrophage inflammatory responses.Our findings suggest that nanotopographic structures can be used to finely tune mechanosensitive membrane protein conformation changes,providing an effective strategy for precisely modulating inflammatory responses.

Chemically-induced active micro-nano bubbles assisting chemical mechanical polishing:Modeling and experiments

The material loss caused by bubble collapse during the micro-nano bubbles auxiliary chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)process cannot be ignored.In this study,the material removal mechanism of cavitation in the polishing process was investigated in detail.Based on the mixed lubrication or thin film lubrication,bubble-wafer plastic deformation,spherical indentation theory,Johnson-Cook(J-C)constitutive model,and the assumption of periodic distribution of pad asperities,a new model suitable for micro-nano bubble auxiliary material removal in CMP was developed.The model integrates many parameters,including the reactant concentration,wafer hardness,polishing pad roughness,strain hardening,strain rate,micro-jet radius,and bubble radius.The model reflects the influence of active bubbles on material removal.A new and simple chemical reaction method was used to form a controllable number of micro-nano bubbles during the polishing process to assist in polishing silicon oxide wafers.The experimental results show that micro-nano bubbles can greatly increase the material removal rate(MRR)by about 400%and result in a lower surface roughness of 0.17 nm.The experimental results are consistent with the established model.In the process of verifying the model,a better understanding of the material removal mechanism involved in micro-nano bubbles in CMP was obtained.

Directionally tailoring micro-nano hierarchical tower structured Mn_(0.6)Ni_(1.4)Co_(2)O_(y) toward solar interfacial evaporation

Solar interfacial evaporation has been considered as a promising method to alleviate fresh water re-sources shortage.The shortage of freshwater resources requires advanced materials that can accelerate the evaporation of water by the sun.However,the simple structure of photothermal materials are vitally restricted by finite light absorption.Herein,this work presents a strategy for the synthesis of a spinel-type micro-nano hierarchical tower structure solar absorbent(Mn_(0.6)Ni_(1.4)Co_(2)O_(y))with the low forbidden band(=1.56 eV)and high absorption(97.88%).The products show great potential in solar-thermal energy conversion by creating a trapping effect.The prepared solar absorbent and epoxy resin are evenly mixed and then fully immersed in polyurethane(PU)sponge for water evaporation.The hydrophilic and porous Mn_(0.6)Ni_(1.4)Co_(2)O_(y)@PU sponge can quickly deliver water upwards,suppress the heat loss,and concentrate the absorbed heat on the evaporation of water.The products exhibited an excellent evaporation rate of 2.261 kg m^(-2) h^(-1) and an impressive evaporation efficiency of 156%under a single sun exposure.Besides,the samples also can maintain the stability and recycling performance for a long time.These findings show that Mn_(0.6)Ni_(1.4)Co_(2)O_(y) have great application prospects in the solar interfacial evaporation.

Advances in micro-nano biosensing platforms for intracellular electrophysiology

The establishment of a dependable electrophysiological detection platform is paramount for cardiology and neuroscience research.In the past decade,devices based on micro and nanoscale sensing and control technologies have been developed to construct electrophysiological platforms.Their unique morphological advantages and novel processing methods offer the potential for high-throughput,high-fidelity electrical signal recording.In this review,we analyze the structure,transmembrane strategies,and electrophysiological detection methods of active/passive micro and nano sensing platforms.We also provide an outlook on their vast potential for development in light of the opportunities and challenges facing micro and nano sensing technology,with the aim of pushing for higher-level electrophysiological platform construction to meet the needs of experimental research and clinical applications.

Surface Micro-Nano Structures on GaN Thin Films Induced by 355 nm Nanosecond Laser Irradiation

Gallium nitride(GaN)has widespread applications in the semiconductor industry because of its desirable optoelectronic properties.The fabrication of surface structures on GaN thin films can effectively modify their optical and electrical properties,providing additional degrees of freedom for controlling GaN-based devices.Compared with lithography-based techniques,laser processing is maskless and much more efficient.This paper shows how surface micronano structures can be produced on GaN thin films using 355 nm nanosecond laser irradiation.The effects of the laser pulse energy,number of pulses,and polarization direction were studied.It was found that distinct micro-nano structures were formed under different irradiation conditions,and their geometries and elemental compositions were analyzed.The results indicate that different types of surface micro-nano structures can be produced on GaN thin films in a controllable manner using 355 nm nanosecond laser irradiation.The results of our study provide valuable guidance for the surface modification of GaN-based optoelectronic devices.

面向微纳遥感星座构建的阻力差分控制方法

基于整星质量、功耗、体积和成本考虑,一些微纳卫星通常不加装推进系统。为满足这类微纳遥感卫星构建星座的要求,提出采用阻力差分控制(无动力控制)技术实现星座构建的方法。通过调整太阳翼迎风面积,利用星间阻力差增大或减小2颗卫星轨道半长轴之差,在不改变卫星飞行姿态、不影响有效载荷应用的情况下实现微纳遥感星座相位控制。利用20颗微纳遥感卫星构建星座对阻力差分控制方法进行验证,结果表明:将阻力差分控制技术应用于微纳遥感星座相位控制,能顺利完成微纳遥感卫星同一轨道面的等相位部署,并成功实现星座构建。

超疏水表面加工技术及耐磨性能研究进展

当前制备的超疏水表面耐磨性能普遍较差,因而其在各领域的应用受到限制。研究表明微纳结构和低表面能是实现功能表面超疏水性能的关键因素,因此,首先基于超疏水表面作用机制,对超疏水表面织构进行了归纳,旨在通过优化表面织构来解决微纳结构易磨损难题;然后对超疏水表面加工技术进行了梳理总结,从成本和效率两个方面分析了降低表面能的措施,为拓展超疏水表面加工体系提供思路;进而详细总结了超疏水表面耐磨性的分析手段,并阐述了提高超疏水表面耐磨性的方法;最后,展望了耐磨性超疏水表面的未来发展前景,以期推动超疏水表面在工程中的大规模应用。

麦秆基纳米纤维素过滤膜的制备及对微纳米颗粒的过滤性能

以麦秆为原料,采用对甲基苯磺酸(p-TsOH)结合酶辅助超声处理制备木质纤维素纳米纤丝(LCNFs),通过真空抽滤制备LCNFs过滤膜(LCNF-FM)。研究LCNF-FM的微观形貌、纯水通量、润湿性及对微纳米粒子的过滤性能。结果表明,LCNF-FM由相互交联的纳米纤维网络组成,平均孔径为30.2nm。该过滤膜对细菌及纳米TiO_(2)颗粒均具有良好的截留作用。初步应用于红葡萄酒过滤除菌,其对红葡萄酒中有效成分的保留率均在84%以上,对葡萄酒品质影响不大。该LCNFs及其过滤膜的制备方法绿色环保,在农业废弃物的资源化利用及水处理、食品饮料的净化等方面具有广泛的应用前景。