Long-term hydrochemical monitoring and geothermometry:understanding groundwater salinization and thermal fluid contamination in Mila’s basin,Northeastern Algeria

The regular hydrochemical monitoring of groundwater in the Mila basin over an extended period has provided valuable insights into the origin of dissolved salts and the hydrogeochemical processes controlling water salinization.The data reveals that the shallow Karst aquifer shows an increase in TDS of 162 mg L^(-1) while the ther-mal carbonate aquifer that is also used for drinking water supply exhibits an increase of 178 mg L^(-1).Additionally,significant temperature variations are recorded at the sur-face in the shallow aquifers and the waters are carbo-gaseous.Analysis of dissolved major and minor elements has identified several processes influencing the chemical composition namely:dissolution of evaporitic minerals,reduction of sulphates,congruent and incongruent car-bonates’dissolution,dedolomitization and silicates’weathering.The hydrogeochemical and geothermometric results show a mixing of saline thermal water with recharge water of meteoric origin.Two main geothermalfields have been identified,a partially evolved water reservoir and a water reservoir whosefluid interacts with sulphuric acid(H_(2)S)of magmatic origin.These hot waters that are char-acterized by a strong hydrothermal alteration do ascend through faults and fractures and contribute to the contamination of shallower aquifers.Understanding the geothermometry and the hydrogeochemistry of waters is crucial for managing and protecting the quality of groundwater resources in the Mila basin,in order to ensure sustainable water supply for the region.A conceptual model for groundwater circulation and mineralization acquisition has been established to further enhance under-standing in this regard.

Degradation of Microbes for the Crude Oil Contaminants

Production and storage-transportation of crude oil can not only give rise to soil pollution but also destroy ecological environment. Degradation of microbes for oily soil was studied with the instnunent, Geofina Hydrocarbon Meter (GHM), by experimental analysis qualitatively and quantitatively in the paper. Analytical result showed that the crude oil could be considerably degraded by eating-oil microbes in oily soil and the number of eating-oil microbes increased while the working hours of oil-well risi...

Clay-Microbe Interactions and Implication for Remediation of Inorganic Contaminants

Mineral–microbe interactions indirectly affect the geochemical fluxes and biogeochemical cycling of a large number of elements. Among them are toxic heavy metals (e.g. chromium), radionuclides (uranium and technetium), and nitrogen. Heavy metals and radionuclides enter the environment from various sources such as mining activity, nuclear weapons production, metallurgical and chemical industries. Other metals, such as lead, arsenic, antimony, and cadmium, are enriched in certain environments by either natural or anthropogenic processes. Because many of these metals and radionuclides are carcinogens, their release into the environment and their fate cause intense scientific and public concern and are the subject of substantial research. Nitrate enters the environment largely through agricultural activity. Human health risks from nitrate uptake from drinking water supplies run the gamut from increased cancer risk to birth defects.

Isolation,Screening and Identification of High-temperature Cellulolytic Microbes in Pig Manure

[Objective] The research aimed to lay the foundation for high-efficiency biological degradation microbial inoculums. [Method] under the 60℃ temperature the cellulolytic microbes in pig manure were isolated and determined the CMCase and Fpase,then proceeded the 16S rRNA gene analysis. [Result]The results showed that:BC1 and BC3 strains characterized higher carboxymethyl cellulose enzyme activity and higher filter paper activity,but their difference was small,then the 16S rDNA sequence of BC1 and BC3 strains were related to pseudomonas sp. (98% and 99% similarities,respectively).[Conclusion] the experiment laid foundation for high-efficiency biological heating agent.

Contamination and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in topsoil and groundwater around mining and dressing factories in Chifeng,North China

Chifeng is a concentrated mining area for non-ferrous metal minerals,as well as a key prevention and control area for heavyduty enterprises.This situation necessitates an efective ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s driven by the wide distribution of metal ore processing,mining,and smelting factories in Hexigten Banner and Bairin Left Banner.We conducted surveys to assess the levels of heavy metal(loid)s(Cr,As,Pb,Cd,and Hg)in the topsoil and groundwater of the areas.The results indicated that the concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in partial soil samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of Grade II.Based on contamination assessments,such as geoaccumulation indices and pollution indices,we inferred that Cd,Pb,and As were primary pollutants in topsoil.Potential ecological risks when considered as part of the average risk indices(RI)are up to 1626.40 and 2818.76,respectively,in the two areas.Comparative analysis revealed that Cd posed a very high potential ecological risk,followed by As.Moreover,the evaluation showed that the three exposure pathways of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed a descending order:inhalation>ingestion>dermal contact,except for Pb.Arsenic in topsoil posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to human health,while there were no adverse efects of As in groundwater.In addition,the average total carcinogenic risk for As in the two areas,as well as the risk of Pb in the topsoil of Bairin Left Banner and all the fve heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater,exceeded human tolerance.Pb–Zn mines caused higher human health risks.In addition,the tandem contamination of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and groundwater was not obvious.This research study provides a basis for pollution remediation to control heavy industry-induced ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s.

聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠固定Microbacterium sp.S_2-4的微环境分析

以聚乙烯醇(polyvinylalcohol,PVA)和海藻酸钠(sodiumalginates,Na·Alg)作为包埋载体,以五硼酸铵和氯酸铁、氯酸铝溶液作为交联剂,固定微杆菌Microbacteriumsp.S2-4,制备得到固定化球形颗粒。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了在去除污染地表水COD过程中固定化球形颗粒的微环境变化,指出物理阻隔、吸附和种群排斥联合作用是固定化微环境对不利外界环境的主要屏蔽机理;同时还指出了通过该方法制备得到的固定化颗粒存在的结构缺陷。

Effects of reclaimed water irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the chemical properties and microbial community of soil

The ecological effect of reclaimed water irrigation and fertilizer application on the soil environment is receiving more attention.Soil microbial activity and nitrogen（N）levels are important indicators of the effect of reclaimed water irrigation on environment.This study evaluated soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure in soils irrigated with reclaimed water and receiving varied amounts of N fertilizer.The results indicated that the reclaimed water irrigation increased soil electrical conductivity（EC）and soil water content（SWC）.The N treatment has highly significant effect on the ACE,Chao,Shannon（H）and Coverage indices.Based on a 16S ribosomal RNA（16S rRNA）sequence analysis,the Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes and Bacteroidetes were more abundant in soil irrigated with reclaimed water than in soil irrigated with clean water.Stronger clustering of microbial communities using either clean or reclaimed water for irrigation indicated that the type of irrigation water may have a greater influence on the structure of soil microbial community than N fertilizer treatment.Based on a canonical correspondence analysis（CCA）between the species of soil microbes and the chemical properties of the soil,which indicated that nitrate N（NO3-–-N）and total phosphorus（TP）had significant impact on abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Gemmatimonadetes,meanwhile the p H and organic matter（OM）had impact on abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria significantly.It was beneficial to the improvement of soil bacterial activity and fertility under 120 mg kg^-1 N with reclaimed water irrigation.

Effect of cyclic drying and wetting on engineering properties of heavy metal contaminated soils solidified/stabilized with fly ash

Solidification/stabilization （S/S） is one of the most effective methods of dealing with heavy metal contaminated soils. The effects of cyclic wetting and drying on solidified/stabilized contaminated soils were investigated. A series of test program, unconfined compressive strength （UCS） test, TCLP leaching test and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） test, were performed on lead and zinc contaminated soils solidified/stabilized by fly ash. Test results show that UCS and the leaching characteristics of heavy metal ions of S/S contaminated soils are significantly improved with the increase of fly ash content. UCS of S/S soils firstly increases with the increase of the times of drying and wetting cycles, after reaching the peak, it decreases with it. When the pollutant content is lower （1 000 mg/kg）, the TCLP concentration first slightly decreases under cyclic drying and wetting, then increases, but the change is minor. The TCLP concentration is higher under a high pollutant content of 5 000 mg/kg, and increases with the increase of the times of drying and wetting cycles. The results of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） test are consistent with UCS tests and TCLP leaching tests, which reveals the micro-mechanism of the variations of engineering properties of stabilized contaminated soils after drying and wetting cycles.

Variations of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Laogang Landfill

Temporal changes of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Shanghai Laogang Landfill were investigated. Concentrations of dissolved redox relevant species in groundwater suggested that the dominating redox process had changed from denitrification to methane production/sulfate reduction due to landfilling. Dominant microbial populations were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries, which were further studied by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that obvious shifts of dominant microbial populations had occurred in groundwater in response to the pollution of leachate. The closest relatives of some dominant clones are accordant with the dominating redox processes determined by hydrochemical analyses, based on the GenBank's indications on the ability to perform redox reactions.

Engineering and microstructure properties of contaminated marine sediments solidified by high content of incinerated sewage sludge ash

Management of incinerated sewage sludge ash(ISSA)and dredged contaminated marine sediments(CMSs)is a great challenge for Hong Kong and other coastal cities due to limited landfilling capacity.The present study investigates the use of high content(20%of sediment by mass)of ISSA in combination with cement/lime for solidification/stabilization(S/S)treatment of CMSs to provide a way to reuse the wastes as construction materials.The results showed that ISSA being a porous material was able to absorb a large amount of water rendering a more efficient solidification process of the marine sediment which normally had a very high water content(w80%).The S/S treatment improved the engineering properties of the sediment,but reduced the workability,especially for the lime-treated samples.Lime can be used to replace ordinary Portland cement(OPC)for better heavy metal immobilization and carbon emission reduction.The hardened sediment samples prepared with 10%of lime and 20%of ISSA could attain a strength of 1.6 MPa after 28 d of curing.In addition,leaching tests confirmed that there was no environmental risk induced by these stabilized materials.The formation of hydrated cementitious compounds including calcium silicate hydrate(CeSeH)/calcium aluminate silicate hydrate(C-A-S-H)/hydrocalumite/calcite was mainly responsible for the strength development in the ISSA/lime-treated sediments.

Effective Sodium Metabisulfite (Na₂S₂O₅), HCl, Sulfur and Distilled Water for the Removal of Pb, Zn and Cr Contaminated Soil in the Columns Method

This paper presents an evaluation of different dose of Sodium Metabisulfite (0.01 M Na2S2O5), (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water for the removal of soil contaminated with Pb, Zn and Cr by the column mode. The field soil contained concentrations of Pb (307.31 mg⋅kg−1), Zn (207.77 mg⋅kg−1) and Cr (447.50 mg⋅kg−1). Both (0.01 M Na2S2O5), (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water were found to be effective on removing (Na2S2O5) Pb, Cr and Zn respectively. (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl) Cr, Zn and Pb respectively. Sulfur Pb, Cr and Zn respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 10.35% - 26%, 3.4% - 21.60% and 4.97% - 23.88% for (0.01 M Na2S2O5 respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 16.13% - 20.07%, 8.20% - 23.48%, 5.42% - 28.93% for (0.01 M Na2S2O5 + 0.1 M HCl) respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 10.20% - 25.5%, 9.55% - 25.13% and 6.04% - 25.54% for (S) respectively.

Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Microbial Community at the Breeding Sites of the Large Yellow Croaker Pseudosciaena crocea in the Southern East China Sea

Clarifying eukaryotic microbial spatial distribution patterns and their determinants is an important idea in ecological research.However,information on the distribution patterns of eukaryotic microbial community structures(EMCSs)within oceans remains unclear.In this study,surface water samples from the southern East China Sea(SECS)were collected to investigate the spatiotemporal variation in EMCSs by using 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology and the impact of this variation on Pseudosciaena crocea during the breeding season.The results indicated that the distribution patterns of the eukaryotic microbial community structure were different among the Sansha Bay,Mindong and Wentai reserves and the offshore East China Sea.In addition,there were notable potential effects of EMCSs on fishery activities.The variation partitioning analysis showed the environmental and spatial factors caused 53.4%of the variation in the EMCSs,indicating that spatially structured environmental factors were the key determinants of the EMCSs spatial heterogeneity in the SECS and may have contributed to the general distribution of P.crocea.In addition,all the environmental factors were the main factors driving the distribution of eukaryotic microbes except for total phosphorus.Furthermore,it was noted some phytoplankton such as Poterioochromonas and Rhizophydium of fungi in Sansha Bay can effectively prevent Cyanobacteria blooms.Chrysophyceae are natural high-quality baits for juvenile fish distributed in Sansha Bay,Mindong and Wentai reserves.This study provides a part of the insight into potential eukaryotic community distributions in large water bodies and how they are affected by environmental factors.

Geology and mineralization of the Hongqiling large magmatic nickel-copper-cobalt deposit(22×10^(4)t)in Jilin Province,China:A review

The Hongqiling large nickel-copper-cobalt deposit(hereafter referred to as the Hongqiling deposit),a typical mafic-ultramafic copper-nickel deposit in China,boasts proven Ni(Ni)resources of approximately 22×10^(4)t,associated copper resources of 2×10^(4)t,and associated cobalt(Co)resources of 0.5×10^(4)t,with Ni reserves ranking 10th among China's magmatic nickel deposits.Geotectonically,the Hongqiling deposit is situated in the superimposed zone between the Xing'an-Mongolian orogenic belt and the circum-Western Pacific's active continental margin belt.Its ore-bearing plutons occur within the metamorphic rocks of the Ordovician Hulan Group,with the emplacement of plutons and the locations of orebodies governed by the deep-seated Huifahe fault and its secondary NW-trending Fujia-Hejiagou-Beixinglong-Changsheng fault zone.In the deposit,the rock assemblages of ore-bearing plutons predominantly encompass gabbro-pyroxenite-olivine pyroxenite-pyroxene peridotite(pluton No.1)and norite-orthopyroxenite-harzburgite(pluton No.7),with ore-bearing lithofacies consisting primarily of olivine pyroxenite and pyroxenite facies.The Hongqiling deposit hosts stratoid,overhanging lentoid,veined,and pure-sulfide veined orebodies.Its ores principally contain metallic minerals including pyrrhotite,pentlandite,chalcopyrite,violarite,and pyrite.Despite unidentified magma sources of ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks,it is roughly accepted that the magmatic evolution in the Hongqiling deposit primarily involved fractional crystallization and crustal contamination.The ore-forming materials were primarily derived from the upper mantle,mixed with minor crustal materials.The ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks in the deposit,primarily emplaced during the Indosinian(208-239 Ma),were formed in an intense extension setting followed by the collisional orogeny between the North China Plate and the Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Block during the Middle-Late Triassic.From the perspective of the metallogenic geological setting,surrounding rocks,ore-controlling structures,and rock assemblages,this study identified one favorable condition and seven significant indicators for prospecting for Hongqiling-type nickel deposits and developed a prospecting model of the Hongqiling deposit.These serve as valuable references for exploring similar nickel deposits in the region,as well as the deep parts and margins of the Hongqiling deposit.

PAHs污染农田土壤联合生物修复技术研究

以我国典型污水灌溉区——沈抚污灌区农田土壤为研究对象,采用植物修复并辅以高效微生物菌剂、污泥发酵肥等方式对PAHs污染农田土壤进行了植物-微生物联合生物修复的初步研究。结果表明,采用玉米、大豆、蓖麻、苜蓿与高效微生物菌剂联合修复PAHs效果可达到36.3%、44.1%、36.8%和48.3%,比单纯的植物修复显著增高了15%～18%;施加污泥发酵肥进一步提高了生态修复效率,其中苜蓿的联合修复效率最好,达到61.1%。同时,联合生物修复对高环PAHs的去除也有明显的效果。修复后农作物的PAHs质量比在安全范围内;土壤微生物数量明显增加,微生物群落中的PAHs降解细菌和真菌分别增加了3和1个数量级。

16SrRNA序列分析法在大气微生物检测中的应用

随着微生物核糖体数据库的日益完善 ,16SrRNA序列分析技术已应用于海洋、湖泊和土壤等环境微生物多样性的分析 ,但尚未见其在大气微生物菌群分析中的应用报道。本研究选择 5株大气中采集分离的菌株 ,通过细菌 16SrRNA通用引物PCR扩增其对应序列 ,直接对PCR产物进行测序 ,分析鉴定其对应细菌的种属 ,并将该结果同细菌表型鉴定、全自动微生物分析仪以及气相色谱分析结果加以比较。结果表明 16SrRNA序列分析获得的鉴定结果与表型分析和气相色谱分析结果较为一致 ,该方法具有快速、准确和不依赖于细菌生长状态等优点 ,说明 16SrRNA序列分析法可以作为大气微生物分析的一个有效技术。

16SrRNA在海洋微生物系统分子分类鉴定及分子检测中的应用

16 S r RNA序列分析作为微生物系统分类的主要依据已得到广泛认同 ,随着微生物核糖体RNA数据库的日臻完善 ,该技术成为细菌分类和鉴定的一个有力工具。本文总结了 16 S r RNA作为海洋微生物系统分子分类鉴定的理论基础和具体方法 ,分析了用 16 S r RNA研究海洋微生物的进化关系 ,并且对 16 S r

上海市2000—2012空气污染变化特征及R/S分析

依据上海市环境监测中心发布的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、二氧化硫(SO2)和二氧化氮(NO2)3个指标API数据,分析了2000—2012年间上海市空气污染的变化规律,运用分形理论中的R/S分析法对上海市未来的空气污染作了初步预测.分析结果表明:上海市大气中可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫和二氧化氮API指数均呈现冬季高、夏季低的季节性周期变化,2000—2012年上海市空气污染总体呈明显的减轻趋势.R/S分析结果反映出上海市未来空气污染变化趋势与过去一致,即呈减轻趋势.这一现象表明上海市近年来实施的空气污染防治措施初见成效.

CO_2浓度升高对铜镉污染土壤中水稻N、S、P吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了CO2浓度升高对铜镉不同复合污染水平土壤中5种粳稻吸收N、S、P的影响。结果表明,在铜镉复合污染下,除千重浪2号外,CO2浓度升高总体上使其他品种粳稻的生物量增加。对低复合污染土壤,CO2浓度升高均降低了稻米N质量比,降低幅度为2.66%~14.02%,但对不同品种稻米S、P质量比的影响不同。对高复合污染土壤,CO2浓度升高均降低了稻米中N、S质量比,降低幅度分别为4.71%~10.35%、10.59%~22.84%,但对稻米P质量比的影响不明显。CO2浓度升高对稻米N、S、P总吸收量的影响与稻米干物重和其N、S、P质量比有关。对低复合污染土壤,除千重浪2号外,CO2浓度升高均增加了稻米对N、S的吸收量,增加幅度分别为6.29%~21.88%、21.34%~26.57%;除富禾77外,其他品种稻米对P的吸收量也有所增加,增加幅度为2.12%~45.48%。对高复合污染土壤,CO2浓度升高均降低了稻米N、S吸收量,降低幅度分别为2.99%~17.33%、10.22%~25.70%,而稻米对P的吸收量有升高有降低。

动物中几种主要谷胱甘肽S-转移酶亚型的研究进展

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶是生物体内一类重要的解毒酶,主要在抗毒机制第II阶段起作用,在许多脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中参与免疫防御和代谢过程,已作为生物标记基因而广泛用于环境污染评估。本文阐述了胞质中几种主要谷胱甘肽S-转移酶亚型的生物学性质和作用,及其国内外研究的最新进展,以期为进一步开发谷胱甘肽S-转移酶提供指导。

微生物铁硫还原耦合水体中As(V)吸附行为研究

采用循环伏安法(CV)、铁的L边和硫的K边X射线近边吸收光谱(XANES)和电感耦合离子光谱发生仪等,研究了碱性厌氧环境中S.oneidensis介导下的铁硫还原过程与水体中As(V)的吸附行为。结果表明,核黄素能够促进S.oneidensis介导的铁硫还原,电子传递过程为乙酸盐→核黄素→底物;S.oneidensis作用24 h后,沉积物中铁硫形态逐渐被还原,Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)的比例不断增加,出现硫化矿物特征峰,表明有新的铁的硫化矿物(FeS)生成;FeS对As(V)的吸附量随着时间而增加,6 h后逐渐达到平衡,120 h时吸附量为8.35 mg,吸附效率为89%。微生物铁硫还原生成的Fe S对水体中As(V)有显著的吸附效果,有良好的应用前景。