Methodology Validation of Microbial Limit Test of Bupi Qiangli Ointment

[Objective] This study was conducted to establish a microbial limit test method for Bupi Qiangli Ointment. [Method] The conventional method and medium dilution method were used for bacterial, mold and yeast counting in sample recovery test. [Result] The medium dilution method （1：10 test solution, 0.5 ml/plate） could effectively eliminate the inhibition effect of the Bupi Qiangli Ointment, and the recovery of Staphylococcus aureus was greater than 70% in the 3 batches of samples; and the conventional method exhibited the recoveries of E. coil, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus greater than 70% in the 3 batches of samples. [Conclusion] Due to Bupi Qiangli Ointment has strongly antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus au- reus, the medium dilution method was used for bacterial counting, and the conventional method was used for mold and yeast counting; and the conventional method was used for controlled bacterium examination of E. coll.

Flow-Slip Stability Behavior of Calcareous Sand Treated by Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation Technology

Flow-slip damage commonly destabilizes coastal slopes.Finding a slope stabilization method for calcareous sands in the South China Sea is crucial.Microbially induced calcite precipitation is a promising,eco-friendly method for soil stabilization.This study investigates the effect of microbial treatments,initial relative density,initial cell pressure,and initial stress ratio on the flow-slip stability of calcareous sand specimens by using constant shear drained tests.These tests lay the foundation to study the mechanical instability of sand slopes.Results show that the microbial-treated specimens maintain stable stresses longer,take longer to reach the instability,and withstand larger volumetric strains.Microbial treatment effectively enhances sand stability under constant shear drainage,with improvements amplified by higher initial relative density and initial cell pressure.In addition,a smaller initial stress ratio reduces shear effects on the specimen and increases resistance to flow slides.Microanalysis reveals that the flow-slip stability of calcareous sand slopes is enhanced by contact cementation,particle coating,void filling,and mutual embedment of calcium carbonate crystals.

Validation for Microbial Limit Test Method of Compound Yu E Nose Drops

[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish a method for microbial limit test of Compound Yu E Nose Drops.[Methods] According to the Chinese Pharmacopoei (General Rules in the fourth part of the 2015 edition),the microbial limit test method for Compound Yu E Nose Drops was verified.[Results] Compound Yu E Nose Drops has a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis,and the inhibitory activity was significantly eliminated after increasing the diluent (1∶ 20).The recoveries were all in the range of 0.5-2.0 when the total quantities of aerobic microbes were determined by the dilution method (1∶ 20).When the total quantities of mould and yeast were determined by the conventional method,the recoveries were both in the range of 0.5-2.0.When examining control bacteria,Escherichia coli,S.aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can all be detected in the test groups by the test liquid dilution method.[Conclusions] For Compound Yu E Nose Drops,the total quantities of aerobic microbe can be counted by the dilution method;the quantities of mould and yeast can be examined by the conventional plate method;and the conventional method can be used for control microbe examination.

Validation of Microbial Limit Test Methods of Tongmai Tangyanming Capsule

[ Objectives] This study was conducted to establish a method for microbial limit test of Tongmai Tangyanming Capsule. [ Methods] According to the Chinese Pharmacopoei 2015 edition of the four general rules, the microbiological limits of non-sterile products were verified. [ Results] Tongmai Tangyanming Capsule has a strong inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity was significantly eliminated after increasing the diluent （ 1 ： 20） ; and the recoveries were in the range of 0.5 -2 when the total quantities of aerobic microbes were determined by dilution method （1：20）. When the total quantities of mould and yeast were determined by dilution method （1：20）, the recoveries were from 0.5 to 2, and Escherichia coli, cholate-tolerant Gram-negative bacteria and Salmonella can be detected by the test solution dilution method. [ Condusions] With the plate method, the total quantities of aerobic bacteria and the quantities of mould and yeast were examined by increasing diluent, and conventional method was used for examination of control bacteria including E. coli, cholatetolerant Gram-negative bacteria and Salmonella. This method has been proved effective for microbial limit test of Tongmai Tangyanming Capsule, and can effectively control the quality of the preparation. The method is accurate and reliable.

Establishment of Microbial Limit Test Methods for Two Hospital Preparations

[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish microbial limit test methods for traditional Chinese medicine preparations Yunpi Granules and Bupi Qiangli Paste. [Methods] According to General Rules of Part IV of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, applicability tests were conducted on microbial limit test methods for the above two traditional Chinese medicine preparations by the plate method. [Results] The established methods showed recovery values in the range of 0.5-2.0 for both experimental strains, and the control bacteria could be detected in the experimental group, but not in the negative control group. [Conclusions] The microbial limit test methods were reliable for the two traditional Chinese medicine preparations and could be used for quality control.

Applicability of Microbial Limit Test Method for Qingyan Zhisou Powder

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a microbial limit test method for Qingyan Zhisou Powder.[Methods]Applicability tests were carried out according to Microbial Limit Tests of Non-sterile Products,General Rules 1105-1107 of Part IV of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,2020.[Results]Qingyan Zhisou Powder had a strong bacteriostatic effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.After increasing the dilution ratio(1:40),the bacteriostatic effect was obviously eliminated.When the total number of aerobic microbes was determined by the test liquid dilution method(1:40),the recovery values were in the range of 50%-200%;and when using the test liquid(1:10)to determine the total number of mold and yeasts,the recovery ranged from 50%to 200%.Escherichia coli,Salmonella and bile-tolerant Gram-negative bacteria were detected by both the routine method and dilution method in experimental groups.[Conclusions]The microbial limit test of Qingyan Zhisou Powder adopted the test liquid dilution method,and the routine method could be used for the test of Escherichia coli,Salmonella and bile-tolerant Gram-negative bacteria.The applicability test of the method is feasible,with scientific and accurate results,and the method can effectively control the quality of the preparation and is recommended for popularization.

Validation of Microbial Limit Test Methods of Compound Gangbangui Capsule

[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish a method for microbial limit test of Compound Gangbangui Capsule. [Methods] According to the Chinese Pharmacopoei 2015 edition of the four general rules,the microbiological limits of non-sterile products were verified. [Results]Compound Gangbangui Capsule has a strong inhibitory effect on S. aureus,and the antimicrobial activity was significantly eliminated after increasing the diluent（ 1∶ 20）; and the recoveries were in the range of 0. 5-2. 0 when the total quantities of aerobic microbes were determined by dilution method（ 1∶ 20）. When the total quantities of mould and yeast were determined by conventional method（ 1∶ 20）,the recoveries were from 0. 5 to 2. 0,and Escherichia coli can be detected in experimental groups by the test solution dilution method. [Conclusions]With the plate method,the total quantities of aerobic bacteria and the quantities of mould and yeast were examined by increasing diluent and conventional method,respectively,and control bacteria,E. coli was examined by conventional method. This method has been proved effective for microbial limit test of Compound Gangbangui Capsule,and can effectively control the quality of the preparation. The method is accurate and reliable.

Enhancing Infection Control:A Comprehensive Analysis of Microbial Testing and Clinical Accuracy Assessment

Objective:To analyze the value of microbiological testing in the treatment of urinary tract infections.Methods:A total of 552 patients with urinary tract infections,diagnosed and treated between January and December 2021,were selected for this study.They were divided into observation and control groups,each consisting of 276 cases,using the random number table method.The observation group underwent microbial testing,while the control group underwent routine examinations to compare the diagnosis rate,overall treatment effectiveness,and infection status between the two groups.Results:The observation group exhibited significantly improved diagnosis rate,treatment effectiveness,and infection status compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of microbial testing in the treatment of urinary tract infections demonstrates high clinical applicability.

The microbial content of unexpired pasteurized milk from selected supermarkets in a developing country

Objective:To determine the presence and levels of microbes in unexpired pasteurized milk from randomly selected supermarkets in Kingston,Jamaica.Methods:The quantitative study used a stratified random sampling technique in the selection of the 20 representative milk samples from six(6) supermarkets.Microbiological tests such as methylene blue reduction,standard plate count(SPC),coliform plate count(CPC),purity plate culture,gram staining and biochemical tests were performed to examine the microbes in purchased unexpired pasteurized milk.Results:One sample(BCr016) had a pH of 4.0.a rancid odour and curdled appearance.It decolourized within one hour during the methylene blue reduction test and was classified as class 4 milk.Seven of the samples were sterile with no microbe growth on the plate count agar and violet red bile salt agar(VRBA).The milk samples that appeared to be safe for consumption were all 10,11,12 and 13 days before expiration.The VRBA sample BCr016,had a colony count of 13 400 CFU/ mL.There was the presence of Escherichia coli in sample LCr021 which had a standard plate count of 1 580 SPC/mL and a coliform count of 500 CFU/mL.Enterobacter sp.was present in colonies from BCr016 and all the other milk samples.Conclusions:Unacceptable levels of Entembacter spp.and Escherichia coli were found in most of the samples.Effective measures to ensure safe milk for human consumption such as the phosphatase test and methylene blue reduction test should be routinely performed on each batch of milk processed by dairy plants.

Microbial Aspects in Comparing Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Vacuum Packaging on Shelf Life of Fresh Bull Meat

The importance of meat preservation and various reports on different types of packaging, and to compare the effects of modified atmosphere packaging （MAP） and vacuum packaging （VP） on shelf life of flesh bull meat, and microbiological tests on meat together with some chemical and sensory tests was on tight observation. It was an experimental study, 96 samples were randomly packaged in two groups of MAP and VP equally. The package consists of five layers which are Polyvinylidin Chloride （PVDC）, Ethyl Vinyl Alcohol （EVOH）, Poly Ethylene （PE）, Linear Low Density Poly Ethylene （LLDPE）, and poly Amid （PA）, respectively. MAP meat with 700 mL of CO2 per kg of meat. The packaging were made in at-ameh-pars factory and transported in chilled condition to a well prepared refrigerator in National Research Institute of Food Science （NRIFS） of Shahidbeheshti University of Medical Sciences. These samples tested weekly, since first day after packaging, and week 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Microbial tests include Total Microbial, Coliform, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Pseudomonas Counts, and Clostridium. Chemical and sensory tests also carried out. Total volatile bases （TVN）, TBA, and pH as chemical analyses and color, odor, and weep as sensory analyses are also added. Results revealed that total microbial count was in standard range within the 6 weeks for VP, and 5 weeks for MAP technique. Other microbial factors including coliforms, lactic acid bacteria are less and somehow in chemical and sensory tests emphasized the microbial figures. recommended for meat packaging. similar pattern to total count, and no clostridia were found. By the way, The results showed that according to our existing facilities, VP is

氟康唑纸片扩散法和E-test法检测酵母菌体外药敏试验相关性研究

目的对比研究酵母菌氟康唑纸片扩散法和E-test法的相关性,以期确立一种简便可靠的酵母菌体外药物敏感试验方法。方法分别应用纸片扩散法和E-test法检测151株临床分离的酵母菌对氟康唑的敏感性,采用BOMIC仪自动读取培养板上的抑菌环直径,记录试验结果并对质控数据进行核实,使用WHONET-5.4软件分析结果并进行比较。结果两种体外药敏试验方法的一致率可达84.7%,极重要误差率为0.7%,重大误差率为2.0%,次要误差率为12.6%;对于光滑假丝酵母菌两种方法的检测结果有较大差异。结论应用WHO-NET-5.4软件分析得出氟康唑纸片扩散法和E-test法对于检测大多数酵母菌具有非常好的一致性,但对于部分菌株需要进一步应用常量肉汤法确定其最低抑菌浓度值。

Rapid testing methods for food contaminants and toxicants

Food safety is one of the major concerns in every country regardless of the economic and social development. The frequent occurrence of food scandals in the world has led the Chinese government to implement several strategies to fortify the food supply system to a high food safety standard. This relies heavily on laboratory testing services but conventional methods for detection of food contaminants and toxicants are limited by sophisticated sample preparation procedures, long analysis time, large instruments and professional personnel to meet the increasing demands. In this review, we have incorporated most of the current and potential rapid detection methods for many notorious food contaminants and toxicants including microbial agents, toxic ions, pesticides, veterinary drugs and preservatives, as well as detection of genetically modified food genes and adulterated edible oil. Development of rapid, accurate, easy-to-use and affordable testing methods could urge food handlers and the public to actively screen for food contaminants and toxicants instead of passively relying on monitoring by the government examination facility. This review also provides several recommendations including how to encourage the public to engage in the food safety management system and provide optimal education and financial assistance that may improve the current Chinese food safety control system.

浅析食品微生物检验技术在食品安全中的应用

随着分子生物学、生物信息学和纳米技术等现代科技的发展,食品微生物检验技术正朝着更高的灵敏度、更快的检测速度迅速发展,大幅提高了食品安全监管的效率,为食品工业的可持续发展提供了技术支撑。基于此,本文分析了食品微生物检验技术在食品安全中的应用,以供参考。

微生物检验技术在生活饮用水监测中的应用价值探讨

目的 探讨微生物检验技术在生活饮用水监测中的应用价值。方法 抽取2020年3月—2022年5月江苏省丰水期和枯水期样本各50份,不同样本检验技术分别为滤膜法(对照组)、多管发酵法(观察组),利用不同的方式检验后,对比两组水样的微生物检测情况。结果 两组不同的检验方式对杂菌以及大肠菌群的检测结果没有明显差异(P>0.05)。观察组对耐热大肠菌群与大肠埃希菌的检测结果优于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 两种检测方式对饮用水中的微生物都有一定的检出能力,有助于水质安全的测定,但多管发酵法检验方式相对来说能够取得更好的结果。

PCR荧光探针技术对结核分枝杆菌复合群及利福平耐药性检测性能的评价

目的:评价PCR荧光探针技术检测痰液样本中结核分枝杆菌复合群(Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex,MTBC)和利福平耐药性效果,为进一步开展“结核分枝杆菌复合群及利福平耐药核酸检测试剂盒”多中心临床试验提供可行性研究数据。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法,参照入组标准收集2021年12月至2022年8月上海市3家结核病定点医院肺科门诊就诊的205例初诊疑似肺结核患者的3份痰液样本(即时痰、夜间痰、晨痰),分别进行痰涂片、BACTEC MGIT 960(MGIT 960)、GeneXpert MTB/RIF(Xpert)和PCR荧光探针法检测,评价PCR荧光探针法对痰液样本中MTBC及利福平耐药性的检测效能。另对随机选取同期上海市疾病预防控制中心结核病实验室菌株库中保存的96株MTBC临床菌株(包括利福平表型耐药菌株47株和利福平表型敏感菌株49株)分别进行PCR荧光探针法和Xpert检测利福平耐药性,分析两种检测方法对利福平耐药相关基因突变的检出情况。结果:205例疑似肺结核患者中,PCR荧光探针法对MTBC的检出率为22.44%(46/205),与MGIT 960[21.95%(45/205)]、Xpert[20.98%(43/205)]和痰涂片[16.10%(33/205)]的差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.014,P=0.904;χ^(2)=0.129,P=0.719;χ^(2)=2.650,P=0.104)。以临床诊断为参照标准,PCR荧光探针法、Xpert、MGIT 960和痰涂片检测MTBC的敏感度(95%CI)分别为48.10%(36.93%~59.56%)、48.10%(36.93%~59.56%)、50.63%(39.23%~61.97%)和40.51%(29.79%~52.15%),特异度(95%CI)分别为93.65%(87.47%~97.12%)、96.03%(90.52%~98.53%)、96.03%(90.52%~98.53%)和99.21%(95.01%~99.96%),一致率分别为76.10%(156/205)、77.56%(159/205)、78.54%(161/205)和76.59%(157/205),Kappa值分别为0.453、0.482、0.507和0.446。PCR荧光探针法检测痰液样本中MTBC的涂阴和极低级别阳性样本的检出率[10.73%(19/177)]与Xpert检测结果[8.47%(15/177)]的差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.793,P=0.373)。PCR荧光探针法在检出MTBC的46份样本中同时检出6份样本发生利福平耐药基因突变,突变率为13.04%(6/46);而Xpert在检出MTBC的43份样本中仅同时检出1份样本发生利福平耐药基因突变,突变率为2.33%(1/43)。在96株临床菌株中,两种分子检测方法均检测到56株菌株发生利福平耐药基因突变,除2株探针突变类型不一致外,其他探针突变类型均一致,且多发生在probe E(529~533)和FAM通道(531/533突变)。结论:以临床诊断为参照标准,PCR荧光探针法检测MTBC的效能与MGIT 960、Xpert和痰涂片基本相当,且与Xpert检测MTBC临床菌株的利福平耐药性效果一致,认为PCR荧光探针法不仅是一种等同于Xpert检测功能的新技术,还具有操作简单、价格低于Xpert、真正实现一体化和全封闭等优势。建议在临床推广过程中进一步优化PCR荧光探针法以提高MTBC检出率,并开展多中心临床试验验证研究。

2021-2022年江阴市公共场所微生物检测结果分析

目的分析旅店、洗浴中心、超市的微生物检测结果。方法根据《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》和《公共场所卫生标准监测检验方法》要求,对3类公共场所(旅店、洗浴中心、超市)共2372份样品进行微生物检测。结果通过对2021年-2022年空气和公共用品用具微生物检测结果进行分析后,2021年共计检测1124份样本,其中合格样本1110份,合格率为98.75%;2022年共计检测1248份样本,其中合格样本为1248份,合格率为100.00%。2022年空气和公共用品用具微生物检测结果高于2021年(x^(2)值=13.586,P<0.05)。结论与2021年相比,2022年江阴市公共场所微生物检测合格率有较高的提升。然而,需要保持警惕,加强卫生管理,以确保公共场所的环境卫生和人员健康。

赤丹丸微生物限度检查方法适用性研究

目的建立医院制剂赤丹丸的微生物限度检查方法。方法根据四部通则1105-1107,2020年版《中国药典》的规定,采用常规法和稀释法计算赤丹丸中各个菌株的回收比,并对控制菌进行检查。结果赤丹丸有较强的抑菌性,当采用1∶100稀释法时,各试验菌株的回收比均在0.5~2范围内,常规法检出相应的控制菌。结论赤丹丸采用1∶100稀释法用于需氧菌总数、霉菌及酵母菌总数的计数,常规法用于控制菌的检查。

接骨丹片的薄层色谱及微生物限度检查方法适用性实验研究

目的对接骨丹片的薄层色谱和微生物限度检查的方法进行适用性研究。方法采用薄层色谱法(TLC)鉴别接骨丹片中制马钱子和熟大黄;根据微生物限度检查法对接骨丹片的微生物限度进行研究。结果建立的TLC法能检出制马钱子和熟大黄,且斑点清晰,阴性无干扰;建立的微生物限度检查法,经过适用性实验验证,方法可行。结论建立的TLC法及微生物限度检查方法合理可行,可为接骨丹片的质量控制提供实验依据。

基于虚拟仿真技术的微生物限度检查教学资源建设

针对中药饮片微生物限度检查实训教学中遇到的问题,以学生为中心,创设职业情境,设计开发虚拟仿真实训教学软件及配套数字化活页式实训手册。高质量的数字教学资源,能够增强学生学习体验感,引导学生积极探索与思考,提高学生创新能力。

全自动快速微生物检测技术在流感嗜血杆菌检验中的应用价值分析

目的:分析全自动快速微生物检测技术在流感嗜血杆菌检验中的应用价值。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年12月金昌市疾病预防控制中心收治的呼吸道感染患者120例作为研究对象,患者均进行M-H琼脂药敏试验、全自动快速微生物检测、基因检测。以基因检测结果为“金标准”,比较M-H琼脂药敏试验、全自动快速微生物检测系统对流感嗜血杆菌的诊断效能及检测时间。结果:全自动快速微生物检测系统诊断流感嗜血杆菌的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断符合率均高于M-H琼脂药敏试验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。全自动快速微生物检测技术检测时间短于M-H琼脂药敏试验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:全自动快速微生物检测技术在流感嗜血杆菌检验中的应用价值显著,可提高对流感嗜血杆菌的诊断效能,缩短检测时间。