Objective:To assess the prevalence of disease and microfilaraemia in villages of Karimnagar and Chittoor districts.Methods:Data on age and sex of all the respondents were collected and compared with the microfilaria r...Objective:To assess the prevalence of disease and microfilaraemia in villages of Karimnagar and Chittoor districts.Methods:Data on age and sex of all the respondents were collected and compared with the microfilaria rate(mf) and density(20μL of peripheral blood by using finger prick method) to examines the relationship between the dynamics of Wuchereria bancrofti among the population.Results:Microfilaraemia prevalence was found among all the age groups and its occurrence was more prevalent especially above 30 years age groups.Similarly,the microfilaraemia and disease rates were found significantly higher in males compared to females. Conclusions:Using these baseline data would be useful in planning for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Andhra Pradesh as per the WHO goal to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by 2020.展开更多
The aims of this investigation were to isolate active ingredients from the roots/rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus used as herbal medicine in Cameroon for the treatment of human onchocerciasis and to assess the efficacy...The aims of this investigation were to isolate active ingredients from the roots/rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus used as herbal medicine in Cameroon for the treatment of human onchocerciasis and to assess the efficacy of the metabolites on the Onchocerca worm.The antifilarial activity was evaluated in vitro on microfilariae(Mfs)and adult worms of the bovine derived Onchocerca ochengi,a close relative of Onchocerca volvulus.Cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro on monkey kidney epithelial cells.The structures of the active compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods and their drug-likeness evaluated using Lipinski parameters.Two secondary metabolites,AMJ1[containing mustakone(1)as the major component]and linoleic acid or(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid(2)were isolated.Both compounds were found to kill both the microfilariae and adult worms of O.ochengi in a dose dependent manner.The IC50s for AMJ1 were 15.7 lg/mL for Mfs,17.4 lg/mL for adult males and 21.9 lg/mL for adult female worms while for linoleic acid the values were,15.7 lg/mL for Mfs,31.0 lg/mL for adult males and 44.2 lg/mL for adult females.The present report provides the first ever evidence of the anti-Onchocerca efficacy of AMJ1 and linoleic acid.Thus,these secondary metabolites may provide a lead for design and development of new antifilarial agents.展开更多
Objective:To investigate which life stage of the parasite has the ability to stimulate release of pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators from macrophages.Methods:The human macrophage/ monocyte cell line THP-1,the mouse m...Objective:To investigate which life stage of the parasite has the ability to stimulate release of pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators from macrophages.Methods:The human macrophage/ monocyte cell line THP-1,the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and naive peritoneal macrophages（PM） from the rodent host Mastomys coucha（M.coucha） were incubated at 37℃in 5%CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere with extracts of microfilariae（Mf）,third stage infective larvae（L<sub>3</sub>） and adult worms（Ad） of Brugia malayi.After 48 hr post exposure,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-10 and nitric oxide（NO） in cell-free supernatants were estimated.Results:Extracts of all the life stages of the parasite were capable of stimulating pro-（IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α） and anti-inflammatory （IL-10） cytokines in both the cell lines and peritoneal macrophages of M.coucha.Mf was the strongest stimulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by L<sub>3</sub> and Ad;however,Ad was a strong stimulator of IL-10 release.Mf was found to have potential to modulate LPS-induced NO release in RAW cells.Ad-induced NO release was concentration dependent with maximum at 20μg/mL in both RAW and PMs.Conclusions:The results show that parasites at all life stages were capable of stimulating pro-（IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α） and anti-inflammatory（IL-10） cytokines and NO release from macrophages of susceptible host M.coucha,human and mouse macrophage cell lines.Mf can suppress the LPS-induced NO release in RAW cells.The findings also show that the two cell lines may provide a convenient in vitro system for assaying parasite-induced inflammatory mediator release.展开更多
基金Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MC&IT) for sponsoring the projectGovernment of Andhra Pradesh for supporting the Projectthe District Medical & Health Services,Hyderabad for their support during the study
文摘Objective:To assess the prevalence of disease and microfilaraemia in villages of Karimnagar and Chittoor districts.Methods:Data on age and sex of all the respondents were collected and compared with the microfilaria rate(mf) and density(20μL of peripheral blood by using finger prick method) to examines the relationship between the dynamics of Wuchereria bancrofti among the population.Results:Microfilaraemia prevalence was found among all the age groups and its occurrence was more prevalent especially above 30 years age groups.Similarly,the microfilaraemia and disease rates were found significantly higher in males compared to females. Conclusions:Using these baseline data would be useful in planning for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Andhra Pradesh as per the WHO goal to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by 2020.
文摘The aims of this investigation were to isolate active ingredients from the roots/rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus used as herbal medicine in Cameroon for the treatment of human onchocerciasis and to assess the efficacy of the metabolites on the Onchocerca worm.The antifilarial activity was evaluated in vitro on microfilariae(Mfs)and adult worms of the bovine derived Onchocerca ochengi,a close relative of Onchocerca volvulus.Cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro on monkey kidney epithelial cells.The structures of the active compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods and their drug-likeness evaluated using Lipinski parameters.Two secondary metabolites,AMJ1[containing mustakone(1)as the major component]and linoleic acid or(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid(2)were isolated.Both compounds were found to kill both the microfilariae and adult worms of O.ochengi in a dose dependent manner.The IC50s for AMJ1 were 15.7 lg/mL for Mfs,17.4 lg/mL for adult males and 21.9 lg/mL for adult female worms while for linoleic acid the values were,15.7 lg/mL for Mfs,31.0 lg/mL for adult males and 44.2 lg/mL for adult females.The present report provides the first ever evidence of the anti-Onchocerca efficacy of AMJ1 and linoleic acid.Thus,these secondary metabolites may provide a lead for design and development of new antifilarial agents.
基金supported by a grant Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi and SP/SO/B-46/2000 from the Department of Science and Technology,New DelhiUGC Senior Research Fellowship support to SKV
文摘Objective:To investigate which life stage of the parasite has the ability to stimulate release of pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators from macrophages.Methods:The human macrophage/ monocyte cell line THP-1,the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and naive peritoneal macrophages（PM） from the rodent host Mastomys coucha（M.coucha） were incubated at 37℃in 5%CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere with extracts of microfilariae（Mf）,third stage infective larvae（L<sub>3</sub>） and adult worms（Ad） of Brugia malayi.After 48 hr post exposure,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-10 and nitric oxide（NO） in cell-free supernatants were estimated.Results:Extracts of all the life stages of the parasite were capable of stimulating pro-（IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α） and anti-inflammatory （IL-10） cytokines in both the cell lines and peritoneal macrophages of M.coucha.Mf was the strongest stimulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by L<sub>3</sub> and Ad;however,Ad was a strong stimulator of IL-10 release.Mf was found to have potential to modulate LPS-induced NO release in RAW cells.Ad-induced NO release was concentration dependent with maximum at 20μg/mL in both RAW and PMs.Conclusions:The results show that parasites at all life stages were capable of stimulating pro-（IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α） and anti-inflammatory（IL-10） cytokines and NO release from macrophages of susceptible host M.coucha,human and mouse macrophage cell lines.Mf can suppress the LPS-induced NO release in RAW cells.The findings also show that the two cell lines may provide a convenient in vitro system for assaying parasite-induced inflammatory mediator release.
