Late Triassic Intracontinental Deformation of South Tianshan,Central Asia:Evidence from Syn-tectonic Sedimentation and Detrital Zircon Provenances of the Kuqa Depression

The Tianshan range,a Paleozoic orogenic belt in Central Asia,has undergone multiple phases of tectonic activities characterized by the N-S compression after the early Mesozoic,including the far-field effects of the Cenozoic Indian-Asian collision.However,there are limited reports on the tectonic deformation and initiation of Triassic intracontinental deformation in the Tianshan range.Understanding this structural context is crucial for interpreting the early intracontinental deformation history of the Eurasian continent during the early Mesozoic.Growth strata and syn-tectonic sediments provide a rich source of information on tectonic activities and have been extensively used in the studies of orogenic belts.Based on detail fieldwork conducted in this study,the middle-late Triassic Kelamayi Formation of the northern Kuqa Depression in the southern Tianshan fold-thrust belt has been identified as the typical syn-tectonic growth strata.The youngest detrital zircon component in two lithic sandstone samples from the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata yielded U-Pb ages of 223.4±3.1 and 215.5±2.9 Ma,respectively,indicating that the maximum depositional age of the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata is 226-220 and 218-212 Ma.The geochronological distribution of detrital samples from the Early-Middle Triassic and Late Triassic revealed abrupt changes,suggesting a new source supply resulting from tectonic activation in the Tianshan range.The coupling relationship between the syn-tectonic sedimentation of the Kelamayi Formation and the South Tianshan fold-thrust system provides robust evidence that the Triassic intracontinental deformation of the South Tianshan range began at approximately 226-220 Ma(during the Late Triassic)and ended at approximately 218-212 Ma.These findings provide crucial constraints for understanding the intraplate deformation in the Tianshan range during the Triassic.

Formation of South Tianshan suture and its geological significance

South Tianshan–Solonker suture,is the largest and southernmost suture within the Central Asian orogenic belt(CAOB).It records the ultimate collision between Tarim–North China cratons and Siberia craton,and is commonly interpreted as marking the eventual closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean.South Tianshan suture belongs to the western segment of the suture zone,and its evolutionary features are important for defining the formation age of the South Tianshan–Solonker suture.In this paper,the authors review the geochronological,geochemical,petrographic,and paleontological evidence within South Tianshan suture to delineate its formation era and closure characteristics,and thus further revealing the ultimate evolutionary pattern of the western segment of Paleo-Asian Ocean.This suture records strong plate collision before Late Carboniferous,forming a series of high-pressure metamorphic rocks,characterized by the presence of blue schist,eclogite and mica schist.In Permian,the whole area was under a relatively stable post-orogenic setting,with the formation of bimodal volcanic rocks,post-collisional granites,and terrestrial molasses.Sedimentary facies gradually changed from marine to either lacustrine or fluvial during this period.An Early Permian granite dike crosscuts the HP metamorphic belt,and the HP metamorphic rocks also underwent retrograde metamorphism at this time,indicating the formation of the South Tianshan suture was earlier than Permian.Hence,the western section of Paleo-Asian Ocean closed during Late Carboniferous,and Tarim Craton moved northward to collide with Kazakhstan–Yili Block,leading to the formation of the South Tianshan suture.

Permo-Carboniferous Radiolarians from the Wupata'erkan Group,Western South Tianshan, Xinjiang, China

The Wupata'erkan Group, also called Wupata'erkan Formation, distributed in the South Tianshan, Xinjiang, China, mainly consists of gray and dark gray fine-grained clastic rocks, interlayered with volcanic rocks, carbonates and cherts. Some ultra-basic rocks (blocks) punctuate the formation. The formation was variously assigned to Silurian-Middle Devonian, Silurian-Lower Devonian, and pre-Devonian, mainly based on Atrypa bodini Mansuy, Hypothyridina parallelepipedia (Brour.) and Prismatophyllum hexagonum Yoh collected from the limestone interlayers, respectively. However, radiolarian fossils obtained from 24 chert specimens of the Wupata'erkan Group, mainly include Albaillella sp. cf. A. undulata Deflandre, Albaillella sp. cf. A. paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon, Albaillella sp. cf. A. indensis Won, Albaillella sp. cf. A. excelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto, Albaillella sp. and Latentifistulidae gen. et. sp. indet., are earliest Carboniferous and Late Permian. The earliest Carboniferous assemblage is characterized by Albaillella sp. cf. A. undulata Deflandre, Albaillella sp. cf. A. paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon and Albaillella sp. cf. A. indensis Won, and the Late Permian assemblage by Albaillella sp. cf. A. excelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto. This new stratigraphic evidence indicates that the Wupata'erkan Group is possibly composed of rocks with different ages from Silurian to Permian, and therefore, it is probably an ophiolite melange. The discovery of Late Permian Albaillella sp. cf. A. excelsa provides more reliable evidence supporting the existence of a Permian relic ancient oceanic basin in the western part of Xinjiang South Tianshan.

Discovery of Radiolarian Fossils from the Aiketik Group at the Western End of the South Tianshan Mountains of Chinaand Its Implications

The Aiketik Group, distributed at the western end of the South TianshanMountains, China, is an important lithostratigraphic unit involved in the South Tianshan orogen. Itis separated from the adjacent rocks by faults. Generally, the geologists ascribed it to the UpperCarboniferous according to Pseudostaffella sp., Profusulinella sp. and Fusulinella sp. found fromthe limestone and sandy limestone of Aiketik. Our radiolarian fossils were obtained from the chertsamples collected from the Haladaok section located at the upper Tuoshihan River. The fossils mainlyinclude Albaillella undulata Deflandre, Albaillella paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella sp. aff. A.paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella sp. cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon, Albaillella sp., Albaillellaexcelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto (?), Belowea variabilis (Ormiston et Lane), Callella cf. C.parvispinosa Won, Entactinia cf. E. tortispina Ormiston et Lane, Entactinia aff. E. tortispinaOrmiston et Lane, Entactinia variospina Won, Entactinia sp., Eostylodictya rota (Won),Latentifistula impella (Ormistone et Lane) (?), Latentifistula turgita Omiston et Lane,Latentifistulidae gen. et. sp. indet. and Polyentactinia cf. aranea Gourmelon. Among them,Albaillella excelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto (?) is a Late Permian species with some elementsuncertain as there is only one poorly-preserved fossil of this species found so far. And tworadiolarian assemblages can be identified from the other fossils. One is the early EarlyCarboniferous assemblage represented by Albaillella undulata Deflandre, Albaillella paradoxa andAlbaillella sp. cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon. And the other is the late Early Carboniferousassemblage represented by Eostylodictya rota (Won). This is the first discovery of radiolarianfossils in the Aiketik Group, also the first discovery of Late Permian radiolarian fossils in theSouth Tianshan Mountains. Meanwhile, this is the current westernmost sampling site of radiolarianfossils in the South Tianshan Mountains.

Tectonic Framework of Late Paleozoic Intrusions in Xingxingxia： Implications for Final Closure of South Tianshan Ocean in East Tianshan

This work carried out systematic geological field investigation, petrography observation, zircon geochronology and whole rock geochemistry on Late Paleozoic intrusions in the Xingxingxia region near the Xinjiang-Gansu provincial boundary, western China, aiming to constrain the Late Paleozoic tectonic framework of the Xingxingxia region and the final closure time of South Tianshan Ocean in the East Tianshan. The Xingxingxia area is located in the east part of the Tianshan orogen, and adjacent to the north of the Tarim Basin. The Late Paleozoic magma activities in the Xingxingxia region can be mainly divided into three stages. The first stage includes intrusive magma activities under a collision setting between Late Ordovician to the Late Devonian. The second stage is intrusive magma activities under a subduction setting during（304±3）–（278±3） Ma, and the third stage involves intrusive magma activities under a collision and post-collision setting during（268±5）–（259.9±2.6） Ma. The final suture zone of South Tianshan Ocean should be between the Central Tianshan Block and South Tianshan accretionary complex. Based on previous work, both the first stage magma activities（i.e., intrusive magmatic activities between the Late Ordovician to Late Devonian） and the Hongliuhe ophiolitic complex indicate a close event between Central Tianshan Block and South Tianshan Accretionary Complex. The 304±3 Ma dioritic metamorphic gneiss of the XingX ingxia complex and the 278±3 Ma diorite are all island arc calc-alkaline rocks, the 289±3 Ma gabbro is island arc tholeiitic gabbro formed by magma from metasomatic enrichment mantle. All these results indicate that the second stage of magmatic activities is under a subduction setting. The third stage magma activities i.e. the granitic magma activities of（268±5）–（259.9±2.6） Ma occurred at a transitional setting from compressional to post-collision extensional tectonic setting. Thus, around（268±5）–（260±3） Ma, the final closure of the South Tianshan Ocean occurred and the Tianshan orogen shifted into the intracontinental evolution stage. During and after the closure process, a wide range of metamorphism and large dextral strike-slip faults developed.

New Apatite Fission-Track Ages of the Western Kuqa Depression:Implications for the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of South Tianshan,Xinjiang

The Mesozoic–Cenozoic uplift history of South Tianshan has been reconstructed in many ways using thermochronological analyses for the rocks from the eastern Kuqa Depression. The main difference in the reconstructions concerns the existence and importance of Early Cretaceous and Paleogene tectonic activities, but the existence of a Cenozoic differential uplift in the Kuqa Depression remains enigmatic. Here, we present new apatite fission-track ages obtained for 12 sandstone samples from the well-exposed Early Triassic to Quaternary sequence of the Kapushaliang section in the western Kuqa Depression. The results reveal that there were four pulses of tectonic exhumation, which occurred during the Early Cretaceous（peak ages of 112 and 105 Ma）, Late Cretaceous（peak age of 67 Ma）, Paleocene–Eocene（peak ages at 60, 53, and 36 Ma）, and early Oligocene to late Miocene（central ages spanning 30–11 Ma and peak ages of 23 and 14 Ma）, respectively. A review of geochronological and geological evidence from both the western and eastern Kuqa Depression is shown as follows.（1） The major exhumation of South Tians Shan during the Early Cretaceous was possibly associated with docking of the Lhasa block with the southern margin of the Eurasian plate.（2） The Late Cretaceous uplift of the range occurred diachronically due to the far-field effects of the Kohistan-Dras Arc and Lhasa block accretion.（3） The Paleogene uplift in South Tianshan initially corresponded to the far-field effects of the India–Eurasia collision.（4） The rapid exhumation in late Cenozoic was driven by the continuous far-field effects of the collision between India and Eurasia plates. The apatite fission-track ages of 14–11 Ma suggest that late Cenozoic exhumation in the western Kuqa Depression prevailed during the middle to late Miocene, markedly later than the late Oligocene to early Miocene activity in the eastern segment. It can be hypothesized that a possible differential uplift in time occurred in the Kuqa Depression during the late Cenozoic.

Late Permian to Triassic intraplate orogeny of the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions, NW China

The South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions of Central Asia are located in the southwestern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The formation of South Tianshan Orogen was a diachronous, scissors-like process, which took place during the Palaeozoic, and its western segment was accepted as a site of the final collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent, which occurred in the late Palaeozoic. However, the post-collisional tectonic evolution of the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions remains debatable. Based on previous studies and recent geochronogical data, we suggest that the final collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent occurred during the late Carboniferous. Therefore, the Permian was a period of intracontinental environment in the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions. We propose that an earlier, small-scale intraplate orogenic stage occurred in late Permian to Triassic time, which was the first intraplate process in the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions. The later large- scale and well-known Neogene to Quaternary intraplate orogeny was induced by the collision between the India subcontinent and the Eurasian plate. The paper presents a new evolutionary model for the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions, which includes seven stages： （I） late Ordovician-early Silurian opening of the South Tianshan Ocean; （11） middle Silurian-middle Devonian subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean beneath an active margin of the North Asian continent; （111） late Devonian-late Carboniferous closure of the South Tianshan Ocean and collision between the Kazakhstan-Yili and Tarirn continental blocks; （IV） early Permian post-collisional magmatism and rifting; （V） late Permian-Triassic the first intraplate orogeny; （Vt） Jurassic-Palaeogene tectonic stagnation and （VII） Neocene-Quaternary intraplate orogeny.

西天山早寒武世夏特辉长岩:南天山洋早期俯冲的岩浆记录

相对于西天山晚古生代—中生代广泛存在的岩浆事件,其天山早古生代初期地质记录保存较少,此在很大程度上制约了学界对于亚洲洋早期演化的认识。此次选取的夏特辉长岩位于中天山南缘构造混杂岩带北侧,LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年结果为(523±5)Ma,属早寒武世,其与中天山早古生代岩浆活动构成有“西早–东晚”的时空分布特征,从而在一定程度上奠定了西天山“西早–东晚”的剪刀差式闭合事件。夏特辉长岩为钠质的钙碱性系列,岩石地球化学特征反映其形成过程中经历有橄榄石、尖晶石等矿物的分离结晶以及斜长石的堆晶作用。该辉长岩富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素,构造岩浆环境判别图解也进一步指示其为弧岩浆作用的产物。锆石Hf同位素特征具有正的εHf(t)值(+1.47~+11.91),显示出亏损地幔的物质源区。此外,较高的Th/Nb原始地幔标准化比值和较低的Nb/La值,暗示了岩浆形成过程中存有俯冲物质的卷入。夏特辉长岩的形成表明南天山洋在早寒武世已经开始向中天山地块之下俯冲,伴随着中天山地块的俯冲、消减,沿中天山地块周缘于早寒武世已经形成有陆缘弧岩浆体系。

塔里木盆地西北缘乌什西次凹的地层系统和构造特征

乌什西次凹位于塔里木盆地西北缘,隶属于库车坳陷的乌什凹陷。它位于南天山主山脉(哈尔克山)和塔里木盆地柯坪—温宿凸起之间。区域构造格局上,这里是塔里木克拉通向西北自然延伸的部分。次凹北缘的阿合奇断裂是南天山造山带和塔里木克拉通的分界。乌什西次凹内发育与柯坪—温宿凸起相似的晚前寒武纪—古生代地层系统,包括寒武系、奥陶系和石炭系的烃源岩。新近系—第四系碎屑岩建造直接不整合于变形的古生代被动大陆边缘碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩沉积建造之上;剖面上,向南天山方向加厚,向塔里木克拉通方向减薄,呈现典型的前陆盆地剖面结构特征。这是一个晚新生代陆内前陆盆地,叠加在晚海西期—燕山期古隆起之上。这里的构造变形主要有3期,分别是中海西期、晚海西期—印支期和晚喜山期。变形以厚皮冲断构造及其相关褶皱为主,薄皮构造不发育。平面上,主构造线走向NE-SW。剖面上,以南天山向塔里木冲断为主。

新疆南天山乌宗布拉克铅锌矿床地质特征及矿床成因探讨

新疆南天山乌宗布拉克铅锌矿床地处艾尔宾山(残余海盆)成矿带的东段,经过多年来地质探矿,矿床规模在不断扩大,铅锌矿体产于中泥盆统萨阿尔明组大理岩与绢云千枚岩的岩性界面附近,其含矿性与地层层位、特定的岩性关系密切,成矿作用与石炭二叠纪岩浆岩关系密切,该铅锌矿体显示出明显的热液交代充填成矿作用的特征。本文从矿区地质特征入手,结合前人资料,对乌宗布拉克铅锌矿床成矿条件、矿石特征等进行研究,认为乌宗布拉克铅锌矿床为产于泥盆系碳酸盐岩地层中的中低温热液铅锌矿床,属于沉积热液改造型复成因矿床。

同位素年代学和地球化学特征对西南天山库木拜勒一带构造演化的约束

研究区位于西南天山-霍拉山上叠盆地,属塔吉克-塔里木构造岩浆带,侵入岩以中粗粒二长花岗岩为主,侵位于石炭系地层中,岩体与地层的外接触带矿化蚀变强烈,成矿类型以热液型铜、铁、金、铅锌多金属矿为主。该二长花岗岩206Pb/238U同位素年龄测试,其成岩时代为早二叠世(287.1±2.3Ma)。经岩石地球化学分析属过铝质,高钾钙碱性系列与钾玄岩性系列岩石,结晶分异程度较好;稀土元素分馏作用较强,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损;微量元素显示了大洋-岛弧相碰撞的成岩特征,为同碰撞(A型)花岗岩的产物。

Sensitivity of mountain runoff to climate change for Urumqi and Kaidu rivers originating from the Tianshan Mountains

The mountain watersheds of Kaidu River and Urumqi River, which separately originate from the south and north-side of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, are selected as the study area. The characteristics and trends on variation of temperature, precipitation and runoff, and the correlativity between temperature, precipitation, and runoffwere analyzed based on the past 40 years of observational data from the correlative hydrological and weather stations in the study areas. Various weather scene combinations are assumed and the response models of runoff to climate change are established in order to evaluate the sensitivity of runoff to climate change in the study areas based on the foregoing analysis, Results show that all variations of temperature, precipitation, and runoff overall present an oscillating and increasing trend since the 1960s and this increase are quite evident after 1990. There is a markedly positive correlation between mountain runoff, temperature, and precipitation while there are obvious regional differences of responding degree to precipitation and temperature between mountain runoff of Ummqi River and Kaidu River Basins Also, mountain runoff of Urumqi River Basin is more sensitive to precipitation change than that of Kaidu River Basin, and mountain runoff of Kaidu River Basin is more sensitive to temperature change than that of Ummqi River Basin.

塔里木盆地西北缘神木园-古木别孜冲断系的构造样式和形成演化过程

塔里木盆地西北缘的神木园-古木别孜冲断系,由神木园冲断带和古木别孜冲断带组成。前者位于乌什凹陷北缘,以厚皮构造为主,形成基底卷入型冲断楔。后者位于乌什凹陷南缘,为一盖层滑脱冲断构造,主滑脱面位于中新统吉迪克组膏泥岩。其中,古木别孜背斜是古木别孜断裂的断层传播褶皱。该冲断系是晚新生代南天山陆内造山带南麓的前陆褶皱冲断带的一部分,属于印度—亚洲碰撞的远程效应。该陆内造山带叠加在先存的增生-碰撞造山带之上。生长地层显示,神木园-古木别孜冲断系形成演化过程为前展式。其变形首先发生于冲断系根带的神木园冲断带,起始于上新世中期(3.5 Ma)。上新世末—第四纪初(1.8 Ma)向前推进至古木别孜冲断带,并在第四纪持续演化。

南天山地块塔格拉克地区二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征:对壳源岩浆成因和构造背景的限定

提要:【研究目的】西南天山造山带内塔格拉克地区的长条状岩体位于南天山地块,由二长花岗岩组成。厘定该二长花岗岩的形成机制,对南天山壳源岩浆成因的限定、洋盆俯冲消减及碰撞闭合时限等问题的研究具有重要意义。【研究方法】本文首次报道了塔格拉克地区二长花岗岩的全岩主量元素、微量元素、锆石U-Pb年代学结果。【研究结果】LA-ICP-MS锆石年代学研究揭示出塔格拉克地区二长花岗岩成岩年龄为(284.0±1.9)~(284.3±3.2)Ma,为早二叠世花岗岩。岩石主量元素和微量元素分析结果揭示该二长花岗岩具有A型花岗岩特征:(1)SiO_(2)(70.92%~72.78%)含量高,碱质(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O=7.91%~8.44%)含量较高,A/CNK(0.89~0.99)较高,表明二长花岗岩为准铝质岩石,属于高钾钙碱性系列;(2)LREE(196×10^(-6)~280×10^(-6))相对富集,HREE(22.8×10^(-6)~28.2×10^(-6))相对亏损,负Eu异常(δEu为0.51~0.64)明显,球粒陨石标准化配分模式呈右倾Ⅴ型特征;(3)富集Rb、Th和K等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、P和Ti等高场强元素。【结论】结合区域构造演化,认为塔格拉克地区二长花岗岩形成于后碰撞构造背景。

南天山苏力间沟山地冻土地质成因及融沉特性研究

气候变暖为冻土区域的工程建设带来更多不确定性,查明冻土的地质成因及其融沉特性对于工程选址以及工法选择等尤为重要。本文以南天山地区的苏力间沟内分布的山地冻土为研究对象,通过钻探、高密度电法、地温监测以及室内试验等,查明该区域冻土的空间分布,剖析冻土形成条件和形成机理模式,揭示其融沉特性及影响因素。结果表明:苏力间沟内多年冻土和季节性冻土均有分布,季节性冻土和不连续多年冻土主要分布在左岸,即阳坡坡麓;连续多年冻土主要分布在苏力间河右岸,即阴坡坡麓;冻土层分布深度和厚度不均匀,多分布在1.9~2.7m厚的表土下,厚约1.5~10m;在冻土地质成因模式上分为阴坡富水低温成因模式和阳坡坡面汇流成因模式;苏力间沟多年冻土区的融沉系数介于0.39%和91.25%之间,其中连续多年冻土区的融沉系数多值区间在42.5%和68.75%之间,平均值为55.62%;苏力间沟多年冻土融沉系数与总含水率、天然密度、干密度、天然孔隙比和液性指数相关性较高,皮尔森相关系数均达0.8以上。

南天山区域大地构造与演化

塔里木和中天山之间的南天山造山带,经历了复杂的构造演化与地壳增生过程。综合分析南天山造山带的构造、地层、古生物、岩石、地球化学和同位素年代学等方面的资料,特别是放射虫、蛇绿岩、蓝片岩等方面的最新研究成果,讨论了南天山的区域构造格局和演化过程。南天山主体为一上百公里宽的增生-碰撞混杂带-南天山(蛇绿)混杂带;其北侧为中天山岛弧,是仰冲壳楔;南侧为塔里木陆块,是俯冲壳楔。古南天山洋为一广阔的大洋,南天山碰撞造山作用起始于二叠纪末-三叠纪初,新近纪-第四纪进入陆内造山作用阶段。

南天山:晚古生代还是三叠纪碰撞造山带?

伊犁-哈萨克斯坦板块和塔里木-卡拉库姆板块之间的南天山造山带是‘中亚型造山带’的典型代表之一,经历了复杂的构造演化与地壳增生过程。传统上,它被视为华力西期褶皱带或晚古生代碰撞造山带。但近年来,部分学者提出它可能为三叠纪碰撞造山带。本文在综述南天山造山带的蛇绿岩、高压变质岩、花岗岩类等方面研究成果的基础上,讨论了其碰撞造山的时限。我国境内南天山西段碰撞造山可能开始于早石炭世(345Ma),结束于晚石炭世末(300Ma左右)。二叠纪时期,南天山至整个中亚地区进入后碰撞演化阶段。现有资料证实南天山为一晚古生代碰撞造山带,并非一三叠纪碰撞造山带。

中国南天山造山带蓝片岩及其构造意义

中国西北部地区发育多条蓝片岩带。其中南天山蓝片岩带东西延伸１０００余公里，西部可能与哈萨克斯坦的阿特巴什带（Ａｔａｂａｓｈｉ）和万利苏（Ｍａｙｌｉｓｕ）相连￣［１］，东部可能与我们发现的南天山中部库米什蓝片岩相连￣［２］。它是古亚洲域最长、最重要的一条高Ｐ／Ｔ变质带。本文在较系统地对南天山高Ｐ／Ｔ变质矿物组合、探针分析、同位素测年等数据资料分析研究基础上，认为该带主要为蓝闪石片岩－绿片岩的过渡相。该带与其北侧的高Ｐ／Ｔ变质岩－混合岩化花岗岩质岩石以及中酸性侵入岩等构成古双变质带，从ＰＴ＿ｔＤ轨迹中可以判别４３９Ｍａ为南天山洋盆俯冲初始变质相，４２０－４１５Ｍａ接近峰期，３５０－３４５Ｍａ主要为退变质绿片岩相，该岩相为南天山洋盆闭合后抬升阶段的产物。

中亚地区南天山大型金矿带的地质特征、成矿模型和勘查准则

概要介绍了中亚南天山大型金矿带的构造环境、地质特征和分布特点。中亚南天山是世界重要的金成矿带,其中发育有一系列世界级矿床。在该带中,除了剪切带型(造山型)金矿外,还有夕卡岩型、细网脉型以及爆破角砾岩型。成矿围岩是前寒武纪和早古生代浅变质岩系,成矿与二叠纪花岗质岩石密切相关,成矿流体以富CO2为特征,与矿化有关的围岩蚀变强烈发育,通常以Au,Ag,Sb,Te,As,W和Bi元素组合为地球化学找矿标志。

2008年新疆乌恰M_w6.7地震震源机制与形变特征的InSAR研究

2008年10月5日新疆乌恰M_w6.7级地震发生在南天山、帕米尔高原及塔里木盆地交汇地带,基于地震波反演的震源机制解确定的震源深度存在较大差异.本文利用日本ALOS卫星的PALSAR图像,获得了本次地震的同震形变场,基于卫星视线向（LOS）和方位向（Azimuth）的形变,采用均匀弹性半无限位错模型和有界最小二乘（BVLS）算法,以网格矩形位错元法对发震断层的几何产状、滑移及分布进行了估算,结果表明本次地震以逆断破裂为主,断层面上最大位错量接近3.4 m,形变中心位于73.8040°E,39.5335°N,深度约5 km,震级估算为M_w6.6;地震发生在走向46°,倾角48°的断层上,发震断层长30 km,宽14 km,闭锁深度9 km,符合该地区浅源地震多发的构造特点,发震断层为乌合沙鲁断裂带.InSAR反演的滑移形变主要集中于地下2~7 km,表明乌恰地震为浅源地震,可能与该断层附近历史地震未完全释放的残余应力积累有关.同时,InSAR反演的断层位错分布呈现双破裂特征,震级分别为M_w6.5和M_w6.1,可能与本次地震的主震和余震相对应,也可能是由主震激发而产生的两组破裂.