Review of Dietary Therapy Development in Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with the development of politics,economy and culture,the development of health maintenance of traditional Chinese medicine entered a heyday.Food therapy is an important part of the health theory of traditional Chinese medicine.In the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization,you can see the record of food therapy everywhere.It can be said that food therapy of traditional Chinese medicine develops together with traditional Chinese medicine.As a treasure in the treasure-house of Chinese medicine,food therapy has a long history and rich practice.Based on the current research,further research on relevant theories remains to be carried out.Focusing on the historical period of Ming and Qing dynasties,this paper takes the works related to food,nutrition and therapy(including general works and monographs on diet),the health thoughts and practice characteristics of representative health practitioners as the research perspective,and sorts out the above research contents in the past 20 years,analyzes the research overview and trend.It is found that in the study of food nourishing in Ming and Qing dynasties,there are few studies on the contents of diet nourishing in the general works.This suggests that when we study the development of diet nourishing in Ming and Qing Dynasties,we should not only study the monograph of diet nourishing and the thoughts of doctors,but also pay attention to the diet nourishing thought reflected in the general works.The study of diet monographs in Ming Dynasty mainly focused on the textual research of wild plants,and the study of diet monographs in Qing Dynasty mainly focused on the application.The study on the health care thought of doctors in Ming and Qing Dynasties mainly focused on the views of food nourishing and personal health care.These studies are summarized in order to provide reference for further theoretical research and provide reference for contemporary research on food nourishing diet.

Development and Characteristics of Academy Garden in Dali in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Academy is a special education organization and academic research institute in ancient China, founded in the Tang Dynasty, and prospered in the Ming and Qing Dynasty. Academy garden as a type of classical Chinese garden shows ethnic characteristics in the regions inhabited by ethnic groups.

Study on Sand Junk Culture in Shanghai during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Starting from the perspective of shipping culture,sand junk culture in Shanghai during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was studied from the aspects of material,system,behavior and mentality.It is found that the change and development of sand junk culture in Shanghai during the Ming and Qing Dynasties are closely related to the convenient shipping conditions and economic activities."Sand junk culture"runs through the development of shipping industry in Shanghai area,reflecting a pioneering and enterprising,compatible and inclusive spirit.

Studies on Xin'an Medicine(新安医学)since the Ming and Qing Dynasties

This article reviews the studies on Xin'an medicine since the Ming and Qing dynasties and introduces the representative Xin'an physicians in different periods and their medical works as well as the efforts made by researchers and scholars in the 20th Century,aiming to interpret the historical values and impacts of Xin'an medicine and hence facilitate its development in future.

Sino-Thai Relations in the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties

This paper takes Thailand recorded in Chinese ancient texts during the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties(12th-19th centuries A.D.)as the main source of research,especially the interactions between China and countries in the Thai region as recorded in these ancient texts,namely Yuanshi,Xin Yuanshi,Daoyi Zhilüe,Mingshilu,and Qingshi Gao.The relationship between China and Thailand is studied in three aspects:(1)tribute relations;(2)folk commerce;and(3)Chinese immigration.

The Tragedy of Women Rebels： Figures of Women Rebels in the Literature of Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the volume of Chinese literature of Ming and Qing dynasties, there are a lot of well-known figures of women rebels, who have been highly spoken of by many later critics for their braveness in breaking the conventional and unfair rules made for women in that male-centered society. In the traditional point of view, the appearance of these literary figures marks the awareness of self-consciousness of women. But this paper, by analyzing two of the representative figures of them, Miss Du Liniang （杜丽娘） in Tang Xianzu＇s drama The Peony Pavilion （牡丹亭） and the women in the Women＇s Kingdom （女儿国） in Li Ruzhen＇s novel Flowers in the Mirror （镜花缘）, tries to figure out and distinguish the superficial gender dependence and the real but hidden role of ＂the other＂ in these characters. It purports to convince that such processes of rebellion are none the less women＇s tragedies, for they serve only to show Chinese women＇s unchangeable position of ＂the second sex＂ in the traditional male-centered society of old China, but merely in some new and different ways.

Riding the Sea and Chasing the Wave Chinese Ceramics Sold to Europe in the Ming and Qing Dynasties(II)

正Orders from Europe: Features of Chinese Export Porcelain Chinese porcelain was first imported to Europe by Portuguese traders. However, the glossy ware was not supposed to be profitable and was bought as ballast for silk, lacquer ware, spice, and other dearly cargos.

Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Built between 1368 and 1911, The Imperial Tombs of the Ming （1368- 1644） and Qing （1644-1911） dynaslies includes Xianling Tombs of theMing Dynast）. Eastern and Western Qing Tornbs, Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty.

Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang

As the imperial residences of the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties （1368-1911）, the Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang were the centers of state power in late feudal China.

Unraveling the Pattern Weaving Technology in Ming Dynasty

The Ming dynasty （1368 - 1644） inherited the lens-standing culture in China, of course including the textile technology. Besides a large amount of sinsle color damask silk, many pattern woven silk including dragon robes, patterned costumes and luxurious silk textiles are found in complicated and colorful pattern woven brocade called zhuang hua. It was prevailed in Ming dynasty when compared with the frequency of the name chuang hua recorded in related historical documents. These pattern silk and brcrade were produced by the advanced pattern weavin8 technology, which was well developed in Ming dynasty. From historical documents of＂Tian gong kai wu＂, Exploitation of the works of nature, there is the detailed description of the draw loom （hua Io ji） which can weave normal patterned textiles. It also indicated that to produce dragon robes needed much more high technique, similar to the hua Io ）i but more complicated and difficult. A big draw loom is found to weave Nanjing Yen brocade today inherits the technolosy to weave zhuang hua brocade. After sorting the historical documents, it is found that some records are coincident with the existed materials, both the silk textiles and weaving technology. With these evidences research and exploration, this dissertatien tries to unravel the pattern weaving technolosy in the Ming dynasty.

The influence of the designing styles of the furniture in the Ming Dynasty on the modern furniture

As the development of the current building activities continues to become mature, now the requirements on the indoor design activities will also be promoted. Compared with the interior design activities, the furniture is one of the important factors in the process of the interior decoration. The choice of the appropriate furniture not only can effectively improve the quality of the interior design activities, but also can fully meet the specific application needs of the people. This paper starts from the analysis of the specific requirements on the design and production of the modern furniture. And combined with the analysis of the specific characteristics and the connotation of the design styles of the furniture in the Ming Dynasty, the author further explores the specific influence of the design styles of the Ming Dynasty furniture on the modern furniture.

Discussion on the privilege system in the laws of the Ming Dynasty

An important guiding thought that ran through the laws of the Ming Dynasty was ＂governing the country according to the corpus juries＂. The founding emperor of Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang found that the laws of the former Yuan Dynasty could not suit the demands of the development of the new situations, so he developed the new statutes. The laws of the Ming Dynasty absorbed the lessons that the Yuan government law and discipline ceased to be binding or become lax, and put forward that the laws must be strict, and abolished the system of the prime minister, showing a high degree of centralization. The laws of the Ming Dynasty had the important influence on the political thoughts in the late feudal society, so the researches on the legal systems in the Ming dynasty have practical significance. This paper briefly expounds the legal privileges of the Ming Dynasty for reference.

Ming Dynasty Eunuchs and Their Temples

IN 1513, construction ofDahui Temple, deep in thewoods of Beijing’s westernoutskirts, was completed,along with a number of othertemples scattered throughout thecity. The Ming EmperorZhengde personally inscribed atablet, and a stele was erected

MING DYNASTY:Honorific Titles for Tibetan Eminent Monks

ＭＩＮＧＤＹＮＡＳＴＹ：ＨｏｎｏｒｉｆｉｃＴｉｔｌｅｓｆｏｒＴｉｂｅｔａｎＥｍｉｎｅｎｔＭｏｎｋｓ￥ＯＡＲＡＩＣＥＤＡＩＮＰＵＮＣＯＧＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅＭｉｎｇＤｙｎａｓｔｙ，ｔｈｅｅｍｐｅｒｏｒｇａｖｅｈｏｎｏｒｉｆｉｃｔｉｔｌｅｓｔｏｍａｎｙＴｉ...

Coupled Pacific Rim megadroughts contributed to the fall of the MingDynasty’s capital in 1644 CE

Historical documents provide evidence for regional droughts preceding the political turmoil and fall of Beijing in 1644 CE,when more than 20 million people died in northern China during the late Ming famine period.However,the role climate and environmental changes may have played in this pivotal event in Chinese history remains unclear.Here,we provide tree-ring evidence of persistent megadroughts from1576 to 1593 CE and from 1628 to 1644 CE in northern China,which coincided with exceptionally cold summers just before the fall of Beijing.Our analysis reveals that these regional hydroclimatic extremes are part of a series of megadroughts along the Pacific Rim,which not only impacted the ecology and society of monsoonal northern China,but likely also exacerbated external geopolitical and economic pressures.This finding is corroborated by last millennium reanalysis data and numerical climate model simulations revealing internally driven Pacific sea surface temperature variations and the predominance of decadal scale La Ni?a-like conditions to be responsible for precipitation decreases over northern China,as well as extensive monsoon regions in the Americas.These teleconnection patterns provide a mechanistic explanation for reoccurring drought spells during the late Ming Dynasty and the environmental framework fostering the fall of Beijing in 1644 CE,and the subsequent demise of the Ming Dynasty.

明清至民国时期广东大亚湾区盐业社会--基于文献与田野调查的研究

大亚湾是广东众多海湾之一,位于今广东省惠州市惠东县、惠阳区和深圳市宝安区之间,“东靠红海湾,西邻大鹏湾”,“该湾由三面山岭环抱,北枕铁炉嶂山脉,东倚平海半岛,西依大鹏半岛”①。据《中国海域地名志》,大亚湾位于N22°30′~22°50′,E114°29′~114°49′,湾内岛屿众多,岸线曲折,大湾套小湾,有百岛湾之称。