The Impact of Comment Style on Learners’ Essay Revisions

This paper investigates how the type of written feedback provided by teachers affects learners’ ability to revise essays. A total of 120 participants participated in two rounds of essay composition and feedback delivery. The findings indicate that learners who receive comments in the form of questions are more prone to make revisions compared to those receiving statements or imperatives. These results hold significant implications for educators and the ways they utilize written feedback to enhance learners’ writing skills.

Two-stage revision in periprosthetic knee joint infections

Periprosthetic joint infection(PJI)following total knee arthroplasty is one of the most catastrophic and costly complications that carries significant patient wellness as well as economic burdens.The road to efficiently diagnosing and treating PJI is challenging,as there is still no gold standard method to reach the diagnosis as early as desired.There are also international controversies with respect to the best approach to manage PJI cases.In this review,we highlight recent advances in managing PJI following knee arthroplasty surgery and discuss in depth the two-stage revision method.

First Forum on China Casting Quality Standards & Overview of Revision History of China's National/Industrial Standards for Foundry Operations

Both national and local governments have been paying great attention to the work of industrial standardization with the enormous increase in international trade after China joined WTO. According to the standards revising plan of Standardization Administration Committee of China (SAC),TC54 has already revised a series of national standards and industrial standards for foundry operations,and proposed some new ones. As a result,some old fashioned standards containing low-level techniques have been gradually discontinued or replaced with new versions.……

Revision of Outcomes and Complications Following Open Reduction, and Zigzag Osteotomy Combined with Fibular Allograft for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Children

Background: Reports of the efficacy of open reduction and Zigzag Osteotomy combined Fibular Allograft (ZOFA) for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the long-term outcomes and complications after surgery. Methods: We performed a retrospective match-controlled study in which 158 patients had 181 hips with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Radiographs were found of acetabular index, height of dislocation, Tönnis grade, abduction angle in the spica cast, and Severin grade. At final follow-up, deformity of femoral head or neck or acetabulum was evaluated according to the Severin. Avascular necrosis was rated according to Kalamchi. Clinical evaluation was made according to modified McKay criteria. Results: Between 2009 and 2012, 133 girls (84.2%) and 25 boys (15.8%) with developmental dysplasia of the hip underwent open reduction and ZOFA;135 (85.4%) were unilateral, and 23 (14.6%) were bilateral. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 54 patients (62 hips) aged 12 months - ≤18 months and group 2 included 84 patients (119 hips), aged >18 months - ≤36 months. According to Tönnis system: type 3 appeared in 127 hips (70.2%), and Type 4 in 54 hip (29.8%). The anterior approach was used to expose inner table of the ilium and ZOFA in all cases. Acetabular index was improved;preoperation was 42.95°, and latest follow-up 17.26°. The Kirschner Wires (KW) were not used to fix the fibular allograft at the pelvic osteotomy site. All of the fibular allografts were completely incorporated in mean time of 14 weeks (range, 12 weeks - 17 weeks) post-surgery. Clinical evaluation according to modified McKay criteria: satisfactory result (excellent and good) was achieved in 141 hips (77.9%). Avascular Necrosis (AVN) happened in 61 hips (33.7%), redislocation in 18 hips (9.9%), coxa vara in 4 hips (2.2%), trendelenburg gait in 4 hips (2.2%), and supracondylar femoral fractures in 2 hips (1.1%). Conclusions: On the basis of this study, ZOFA was strength and graft was not resorption, graft problems;without medial displacement of the distal fragment. Acetabular index was improved, without KW problem. Surgical technique with ZOFA did not expose outer table of the illium, limiting abductor muscle injury with negative trendelenburg gait;on the other hand, the blood loss from this procedure is acceptable. Some complications have been seen in this study: AVN, redislocation, coxa magna, coxa vara, trendelenburg gait, and distal femoral fracture.

Revised Law Highlights Progress in Protection of Women's Rights

Since its promulgation a decade ago, the Law on Protection of Women＇s Rights and Interests of the People＇s Republic of China （hereinafter referred to as theWomen＇s Protection Law for short） has played a pivotal role in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese women and in promoting gender equality in the country. Nevertheless, it has proved increasingly inadequate as political, economic, social and cultural changes have kept taking place in the country, along with changes in values and people＇s life styles and thinking. First of all, the subject of its enforcement is not explicitly specified,

基于N-S方程和离散共轭方法的气动外形设计

快速准确的目标函数梯度计算方法是基于梯度信息的优化设计的关键技术之一。采用离散共轭方法计算目标函数关于设计变量的梯度,流动控制方程为三维N-S方程。对于离散共轭方程和流动控制方程均采用LU-SGS方法时间推进求解。检验了离散共轭方法计算梯度的准确性,利用该方法进行了机翼的优化设计与反设计,都获得了较好的结果。算例证明了本文方法可靠性好,效果令人满意。

当前说话人继续当前话轮的优先权——对Sacks等的会话话轮转换系统的修正

Sacks等提出的会话话轮转换系统忽略了下列事实,即:在话轮的第一转换关联位置,当前说话人拥有继续当前话轮的优先权。因此,本文对原话轮转换系统进行了修正,在话轮分配技巧部分,增加了当前说话人主动自我选择的技巧;在规则部分,增加了当前说话人可以主动自我选择、继续当前话轮的优先选项。本文认为,我们作为会话参与者的经验和语感,和规则中规定的当前说话人拥有的话轮分配权,证明了当前说话人的确拥有继续当前话轮的优先权;同时,说话人经常使用多种把持当前话轮的策略,这是当前说话人试图继续当前话轮的最明显证据;而且在具体日常英语和汉语会话中,当前说话人主动自我选择、继续当前话轮的现象确实具有普遍性。修正后的话轮转换系统在不损害原系统解释力的基础上,对轮番发话、重叠、话轮长度、话轮的相对分布等会话现象提供了更详细、更令人信服的解释,证明了它的优越性和全面性。

基于模糊理论和D-S推理的开箱报警模型与算法

为提高集装箱运输过程中非法开箱自动报警的可靠性,在对集装箱非法开箱报警机制分析的基础上,建立了基于箱门传感器、箱内传感器等多源信息的非法开箱报警决策模型,提出了基于证据模糊相似度和证据源先验可靠度修正证据权的改进D-S证据融合算法来减少证据冲突,形成了集装箱非法开箱多源信息融合报警系统.实验结果表明,提出的证据融合算法能够有效降低证据冲突系数和合成悖论次数,报警模型具有较好的容错性和适应性.

船载USB距离零值标校数据分析

目前统一S波段(USB)系统距离零值标校方法所考虑的设备组合非常多,但存在可精简的地方。本文分析了某次任务系统距离零值标校数据,从实际应用的角度探讨了精简标校组合的初步设想。

基于GPU的密码S盒代数性质评估方法

密码S盒即黑盒,作为对称密码算法中的非线性部件,其代数性质往往决定着密码算法的安全性能。差分均匀度、非线性度及透明阶作为衡量密码S盒安全性质的三个基本指标,分别刻画了S盒抵御差分密码分析、线性密码分析及差分功耗攻击的能力。当密码S盒输入尺寸较大(如S盒输入长度大于15比特)时在中央处理器(CPU)中的求解所需时间仍过长,甚至求解不可行。如何针对大尺寸输入密码S盒的代数性质进行快速评估是目前业界的研究热点。基于图形处理器(GPU)提出一种快速评估密码S盒代数性质的方法。该方法利用切片技术将内核函数拆分至多线程,并结合求解差分均匀度、非线性度及透明阶的特征提出优化方案,从而实现并行计算。测试结果表明,与基于CPU的实现环境相比,基于单块GPU的环境下的实现效率得到了显著的提升。具体来说,计算差分均匀度、非线性度及透明阶所花时间分别节省了90.28%、78.57%、60%,验证了该方法的有效性。

Total hip arthroplasty in patients with Paget's disease of bone: A systematic review

AIM To investigate the clinical and functional outcomes following total hip arthroplasty(THA) in patients with Paget's disease.METHODS We carried out a systematic review of the literature to determine the functional outcome, complications and revision rates of THA in patients with Paget's disease. Eight studies involving 358 hips were reviewed. The mean age was 70.4 years and follow-up was 8.3 years. There were 247 cemented THAs(69%), 105 uncemented THAs(29%) and 6 hybrid THAs(2%). RESULTS All studies reported significant improvement in hip function following THA. There were 19 cases of aseptic loosening(5%) at a mean of 8.6 years. Three cases occurred in the uncemented cohort(3%) at a mean of 15.3 years and 16 cases developed in the cemented group(6%) at a mean of 7.5 years(P = 0.2052). There were 27 revisions in the 358 cases(8%) occurring at a mean of 7 years. Six revisions occurred in the uncemented cohort(6%) at a mean of 8.6 years and 21 in the cemented cohort(9%) at a mean of 6.5 years(P = 0.5117). CONCLUSION The findings support the use of THA in patients with Paget's disease hip arthropathy. The post-operative functional outcome is largely similar to other patients; however, the revision rate is higher with aseptic loosening being the most common reason for revision. Uncemented implants appear to be associated with a lower failure rate, however, there were no modern stem designs fixed using current generation cementing techniques used in the reported studies, and as such, caution is advised when drawing any conclusions.

Total knee arthroplasty in patients with Paget's disease of bone: A systematic review

AIM To determine the functional outcomes, complications and revision rates following total knee arthroplasty(TKA) in patients with Paget's disease of bone(PDB). METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed. Four studies with a total of 54 TKAs were included for analysis. Functional outcomes, pain scores, complications and revision rates were assessed. The mean age was 72.0 years and the mean follow-up was 7.5 years.RESULTS All studies reported significant improvement in knee function and pain scores following TKA. There were 2 cases of aseptic loosening, with one patient requiring revision of the femoral component 10 years after the index procedure. Malalignment, bone loss, soft tissue contractures were the most commonly reported intraoperative challenges. There were five cases(9%) that were complicated by intra-operative patellar tendon avulsion.CONCLUSION The findings support the use of TKA in patients with PDB. The post-operative functional outcomes are largely similar to other patients, however there are specific perioperative challenges that have been highlighted, in particular the high risk for patellar tendon avulsion.

Dark Energy Explained via the Hawking-Hartle Quantum Wave and the Topology of Cosmic Crystallography

The aim of the present paper is to explain and accurately calculate the missing dark energy density of the cosmos by scaling the Planck scale and using the methodology of the relatively novel discipline of cosmic crystallography and Hawking-Hartle quantum wave solution of Wheeler-DeWitt equation. Following this road we arrive at a modified version of Einstein’s energy mass relation E = mc2 which predicts a cosmological energy density in astonishing accord with the WMAP and supernova measurements and analysis. We develop non-constructively what may be termed super symmetric Penrose fractal tiling and find that the isomorphic length of this tiling is equal to the self affinity radius of a universe which resembles an 11 dimensional Hilbert cube or a fractal M-theory with a Hausdorff dimension where. It then turns out that the correct maximal quantum relativity energy-mass equation for intergalactic scales is a simple relativistic scaling, in the sense of Weyl-Nottale, of Einstein’s classical equation, namely EQR = (1/2)(1/) moc2 = 0.0450849 mc2 and that this energy is the ordinary measurable energy density of the quantum particle. This means that almost 95.5% of the energy of the cosmos is dark energy which by quantum particle-wave duality is the absolute value of the energy of the quantum wave and is proportional to the square of the curvature of the curled dimension of spacetime namely where and is Hardy’s probability of quantum entanglement. Because of the quantum wave collapse on measurement this energy cannot be measured using our current technologies. The same result is obtained by involving all the 17 Stein spaces corresponding to 17 types of the wallpaper groups as well as the 230-11=219 three dimensional crystallographic group which gives the number of the first level of massless particle-like states in Heterotic string theory. All these diverse subjects find here a unified view point leading to the same result regarding the missing dark energy of the universe, which turned out to by synonymous with the absolute value of the energy of the Hawking-Hartle quantum wave solution of Wheeler-DeWitt equation while ordinary energy is the energy of the quantum particle into which the Hawking-Hartle wave collapse at cosmic energy measurement. In other words it is in the very act of measurement which causes our inability to measure the “Dark energy of the quantum wave” in any direct way. The only hope if any to detect dark energy and utilize it in nuclear reactors is future development of sophisticated quantum wave non-demolition measurement instruments.

Vibralactone Biogenesis-Associated Analogues from Submerged Cultures of the Fungus Boreostereum vibrans

A scale-up fermentation of the fungus Boreostereum vibrans facilitated the isolation of six new vibralactone biogenesis-associated analogues,namely vibralactamide A(1),vibralactone T(2),13-O-lactyl vibralactone(3),10-O-acetyl vibralactone G(4),(11R,12R)-and(11S,12R)-vibradiol(5,6).Their structures were established via extensive spectroscopic analyses,specific optical rotation comparison,and Snatzke’s method.The biosynthetic pathway for vibralactamide A was postulated.The absolute configuration of vibralactone B was revised by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.This work puts the divergent vibralactone biosynthesis pathway one step further and expands the structural diversity of vibralactone-associated compounds.

Quantum Entanglement: Where Dark Energy and Negative Gravity plus Accelerated Expansion of the Universe Comes from

Dark energy is shown to be the absolute value of the negative kinetic energy of the halo-like quantum wave modeled mathematically by the empty set in a five dimensional Kaluza-Klein (K-K) spacetime. Ordinary or position energy of the particle on the other hand is the dual of dark energy and is contained in the dynamic of the quantum particle modeled by the zero set in the same five dimensional K-K spacetime. The sum of both dark energy of the wave and the ordinary energy of the particle is exactly equal to the energy given by the well known formula of Einstein E=mc2 which is set in a four dimensional spacetime. Various interpretations of the results are presented and discussed based on the three fundamental energy density equations developed. In particular where E is the energy, m is the mass and c is the speed of light, is Hardy’s quantum entanglement and gives results in complete agreement with the cosmological measurements of WMAP and Supernova. On the other hand gives an intuitive explanation of negative gravity and the observed increased rate of cosmic expansion. Adding E (ordinary) to E (dark) one finds which as we mentioned above is Einstein’s famous relativity formula. We conclude that similar to the fact that the quantum wave interpreted generally as probability wave which is devoid of ordinary energy decides upon the location of a quantum particle, it also exerts a negative gravity effect on the cosmic scale of our clopen, i.e. closed and open universe. Analysis and conclusions are framed in a reader friendly manner in Figures 1-14 with detailed commentary.

Dark Energy from Kaluza-Klein Spacetime and Noether’s Theorem via Lagrangian Multiplier Method

The supposedly missing dark energy of the cosmos is found quantitatively in a direct analysis without involving ordinary energy. The analysis relies on five dimensional Kaluza-Klein spacetime and a Lagrangian constrained by an auxiliary condition. Employing the Lagrangian multiplier method, it is found that this multiplier is equal to the dark energy of the cosmos and is given by where E is energy, m is mass, c is the speed of light, and λ is the Lagrangian multiplier. The result is in full agreement with cosmic measurements which were awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics as well as with the interpretation that dark energy is the energy of the quantum wave while ordinary energy is the energy of the quantum particle. Consequently dark energy could not be found directly using our current measurement methods because measurement leads to wave collapse leaving only the quantum particle and its ordinary energy intact.

对新修订版《科技进步法》中科技评估内容的分析与思考

《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》于2021年12月24日进行了第二次修订,针对新修订版《科技进步法》中涉及科技评估评价的相关内容进行整理,对涉及科技评估的相关条款进行归类分析与数据挖掘,明确新版《科技进步法》在科技评估评价方面的内容变化与特点,结合科技评估评价工作的实际经验,提出在具体实践中应用《科技进步法》指导科技评估工作的几点思考。

An Exploration of the Thinking and Method of the Revision of Beijing's Master Planning

This article introduces the new thinking andmethod of the revision of Beijing’s master plan.The plannersmade new exploration and breakthroughs in such aspects asthe involvement of the general public in planning,the intro-duction of value concept,unified planning of both urban andrural areas,how to link with the future goals of development,etc.

血瘀证诊断标准修订研究构想

实施中医药标准化战略,加快构建中医病证诊断体系,是提高中医临床疗效和中医药科技竞争力的关键。血瘀证是临床常见的中医病证,血瘀证及活血化瘀研究是中医临床和基础研究最活跃、最深入、最见成效的领域之一,1986年中国中西医结合学会制定的血瘀证诊断标准(目前标准)在血瘀证研究中发挥了重要作用。但现标准距今已21年,在生命科学、高新技术飞速发展的今天,该标准已很难适应目前临床实际,并已成为血瘀证研究向纵深发展的瓶颈。现有的血瘀证诊断标准主要基于专家共识,缺少循证医学证据,体征难以量化表述,采用的检测技术相对陈旧、缺少规范,修订血瘀证标准已经成为临床和科研的重要迫切需求。血瘀证诊断标准的研究应按照中医临床思维规律,以循证医学理念,依照现代医学疾病诊断标准的修订,大多依据大规模临床试验结局,以及中医"以药测证""证效相应"的研究思路,选用古今大量临床各科有效案例,建立结构化数据库,运用数据挖掘技术,荟萃分析、聚类分析等统计方法,通过多元信息数字整合,对诊断血瘀证的症状、体征等进行量化分析,并根据各症状、体征等诊断血瘀证的准确度给予赋分,为血瘀证量化提供依据,并在进一步血瘀证研究专家咨询、评估的基础上,进行前瞻性研究,依据判别分析等统计分析方法筛选、权重修订标准中的实验室指标,同时分析血瘀证症状体征积分与实验指标间的关系,为血瘀证诊断提供更为客观量化的证据。最终制定出症状、体征、实验室指标综合的血瘀证标准量化的修订技术。在此基础上,再对修订的血瘀证诊断标准与现标准进行验证,比较其敏感度、准确度及相关指标的特异性,使修订后的血瘀证诊断标准进一步系统完善。血瘀证诊断标准的修订技术研究具有中医病证诊断标准修订的共性技术特点,本研究在建立中医病证诊断结构化数据库的基础上,通过人机融合方式,充分发挥信息工程、计算机智能数据挖掘技术,可探索出以充分临床疗效证据支撑的科学实用的研究技术和方法,为中医病证诊断标准的修订研究提供有益的可通用技术。此外,有关国家也已开展血瘀证标准的制定,我国制定血瘀证诊断标准最早、影响最大,目前尚具先导地位,为继续巩固我国在该领域的主导权,本研究成果将发挥难以估量的社会和经济效益。