We study a general framework for assessing the injury probability corresponding to an input dose quantity. In many applications, the true value of input dose may not be directly measurable. Instead, the input dose is ...We study a general framework for assessing the injury probability corresponding to an input dose quantity. In many applications, the true value of input dose may not be directly measurable. Instead, the input dose is estimated from measurable/controllable quantities via numerical simulations using assumed representative parameter values. We aim at developing a simple modeling framework for accommodating all uncertainties, including the discrepancy between the estimated input dose and the true input dose. We first interpret the widely used logistic dose-injury model as the result of dose propagation uncertainty from input dose to target dose at the active site for injury where the binary outcome is completely determined by the target dose. We specify the symmetric logistic dose-injury function using two shape parameters: the median injury dose and the 10 - 90 percentile width. We relate the two shape parameters of injury function to the mean and standard deviation of the dose propagation uncertainty. We find 1) a larger total uncertainty will spread more the dose-response function, increasing the 10 - 90 percentile width and 2) a systematic over-estimate of the input dose will shift the injury probability toward the right along the estimated input dose. This framework provides a way of revising an established injury model for a particular test population to predict the injury model for a new population with different distributions of parameters that affect the dose propagation and dose estimation. In addition to modeling dose propagation uncertainty, we propose a new 3-parameter model to include the skewness of injury function. The proposed 3-parameter function form is based on shifted log-normal distribution of dose propagation uncertainty and is approximately invariant when other uncertainties are added. The proposed 3-parameter function form provides a framework for extending skewed injury model from a test population to a target population in application.展开更多
A computer program MACA was developed for simulating high-dose ion implantation into amorphous solids. The topology of amorphous solids was modelled by adjusting the free flight path distribution between collisions, s...A computer program MACA was developed for simulating high-dose ion implantation into amorphous solids. The topology of amorphous solids was modelled by adjusting the free flight path distribution between collisions, so that the radial distribution function will characterize the short - range order and long - range disorder of amorphous targets. A simulation example is given.展开更多
AIM: To describe our experience using a low-acceleratingdose regimen(LADR) with pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) recurrence. METHODS: From 2003, a protocolized LADR st...AIM: To describe our experience using a low-acceleratingdose regimen(LADR) with pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) recurrence. METHODS: From 2003, a protocolized LADR strategy was employed to treat liver transplant(LT) recipients with recurrent HCV at our institution. Medical records of 182 adult patients with recurrent HCV treated with LADR between 1/2003 and 1/2011 were reviewed. Histopathology from all post-LT liver biopsies were reviewed in a blinded fashion. Paired recipient and donor IL28 B status were assessed. A novel technique was employed to ascertain recipient and donor IL28B(rs12979860) Gt data using DNA extracted from archival FFPE tissue from explanted native livers and donor gallbladders respectively. The primary endpoint was SVR; secondary endpoints examined include(1) patient and graft survival;(2) effect of anti-viral therapy on liver histology(fibrosis and inflammation);(3) incidence of on-treatment development of ACR, CDR, or PCH;(4) association of recipient and donor IL28 B genotype with SVR; and(5) incidence of antiviral therapy-associated adverse events(anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, depression) and hepatic decompensation.RESULTS: The overall SVR rate was 38%(29% Gt1, 67% Gt2, 86% Gt3 and 58% Gt4). HCV Gt(P < 0.0001), donor age(P = 0.003), cytomegalovirus mismatch(P = 0.001), baseline serum bilirubin(P = 0.002), and baseline viral load(P = 0.04) were independent predictors for SVR. SVR rates were significantly higher in the recipient-CC/donor-non CC pairs(P = 0.007). Neither baseline fibrosis nor change in fibrosis stage after anti-viral therapy were associated with SVR. Fibrosis progressed in 72% of patients despite SVR. Median graft survival was 91 mo. Five-year patient survival was superior in patients who achieved SVR(97% vs 82%, P = 0.001). Pre-treatment ALP ≥ 150 U/L(P = 0.01), total bilirubin ≥ 1.5 mg/d L(P = 0.001) and creatinine ≥ 2 mg/d L(P = 0.001) were independently associated with patient survival. Only 13% of patients achieving SVR died during the followup period. Treatment discontinuation and treatmentrelated mortality occurred in 35% and 2.2% of patients, respectively. EPO, G-CSF and blood transfusion were needed in 89%, 40% and 23% of patients, respectively. Overall hospitalization rate for treatment-related serious adverse events was 21%. Forty-six(25%) of the patients were deceased; among those who died, 25(54%) were due to liver-related complications, and 4 deaths(9%) occurred while receiving therapy(2 patients experienced hepatic decompensation and 2 sepsis). CONCLUSION: LADR strategy remains relevant in managing post-LT recurrent HCV where access to DAAs is limited. SVR is associated with improved survival, but fibrosis progression still occurs.展开更多
详细计算了一台10 MeV的电子直线加速器周围某些关键位置的辐射剂量,并对其进行了连续监测以及累积剂量的测量,测量结果充分说明工作环境是安全的.在迷宫出口位置理论值很好地符合测量值,这充分验证了经验公式的合理性.同时发现迷道内...详细计算了一台10 MeV的电子直线加速器周围某些关键位置的辐射剂量,并对其进行了连续监测以及累积剂量的测量,测量结果充分说明工作环境是安全的.在迷宫出口位置理论值很好地符合测量值,这充分验证了经验公式的合理性.同时发现迷道内剂量衰减趋势与计算模型中使用的距离平方反比规律有所不同,要在迷道长度达到一定值后才能确保经验公式给出的结果是保守的.为了实现对辐射场的连续实时监测,此次测量中使用一种新的数据采集设备Mini-DDL(mini digital data logging).展开更多
Salmonellae samples provided by FAPAS were detected by VIDAS and GB 4789.4-2016,respectively.The advantages and disadvantages of each detection method were discussed in the paper,so as to provide theoretical support f...Salmonellae samples provided by FAPAS were detected by VIDAS and GB 4789.4-2016,respectively.The advantages and disadvantages of each detection method were discussed in the paper,so as to provide theoretical support for the detection of Salmonellae.展开更多
目的：比较高龄不孕女性体外受精／卵胞质内单精子显微注射一胚胎移植（IVF／ICSI-ET）中微量短效GnRH-a长方案及常规短方案的促排卵效果及临床结局。方法：回顾性分析602例≥35岁不孕患者682个周期IVF／ICSI-ET临床结局，按促排卵方案...目的：比较高龄不孕女性体外受精／卵胞质内单精子显微注射一胚胎移植（IVF／ICSI-ET）中微量短效GnRH-a长方案及常规短方案的促排卵效果及临床结局。方法：回顾性分析602例≥35岁不孕患者682个周期IVF／ICSI-ET临床结局，按促排卵方案分为微量短效GnRH-a长方案组（172个周期，A组）和常规短方案组（510个周期，B组），再以年龄段分层（35～37岁，38～39岁及≥40岁），分别比较不同年龄段两种促排卵方案的效果及临床结局。结果：A组Gn用量、Gn使用天数显著高于B组（P〈0．05），MⅡ卵数、优质胚胎率、胚胎移植数、周期取消率均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）；A组与B组相比，临床妊娠率、活产率（36．1％坩29．8％；28．5％vs 23．3％；P〉0．05）有改善趋势；尤其在35～37岁及38～39岁患者中，A组优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、活产率（52．89％vs 47．16％，50．14％ vs 47．97％；41．7％ vs 36．7％，36．4％ vs 22．2％；35．0％ vs 29．2％，24．2％ vs 15．7％；P均〉0．05）均有明显改善趋势。结论：≥35岁不孕女性微量GnRH-a长方案临床结局有改善趋势，可作为高龄不孕女性，尤其是35～39岁不孕患者的有效促排卵方案之一。展开更多
文摘We study a general framework for assessing the injury probability corresponding to an input dose quantity. In many applications, the true value of input dose may not be directly measurable. Instead, the input dose is estimated from measurable/controllable quantities via numerical simulations using assumed representative parameter values. We aim at developing a simple modeling framework for accommodating all uncertainties, including the discrepancy between the estimated input dose and the true input dose. We first interpret the widely used logistic dose-injury model as the result of dose propagation uncertainty from input dose to target dose at the active site for injury where the binary outcome is completely determined by the target dose. We specify the symmetric logistic dose-injury function using two shape parameters: the median injury dose and the 10 - 90 percentile width. We relate the two shape parameters of injury function to the mean and standard deviation of the dose propagation uncertainty. We find 1) a larger total uncertainty will spread more the dose-response function, increasing the 10 - 90 percentile width and 2) a systematic over-estimate of the input dose will shift the injury probability toward the right along the estimated input dose. This framework provides a way of revising an established injury model for a particular test population to predict the injury model for a new population with different distributions of parameters that affect the dose propagation and dose estimation. In addition to modeling dose propagation uncertainty, we propose a new 3-parameter model to include the skewness of injury function. The proposed 3-parameter function form is based on shifted log-normal distribution of dose propagation uncertainty and is approximately invariant when other uncertainties are added. The proposed 3-parameter function form provides a framework for extending skewed injury model from a test population to a target population in application.
文摘A computer program MACA was developed for simulating high-dose ion implantation into amorphous solids. The topology of amorphous solids was modelled by adjusting the free flight path distribution between collisions, so that the radial distribution function will characterize the short - range order and long - range disorder of amorphous targets. A simulation example is given.
基金Supported by JTD(an employee of Mount Sinai Medical Center)in part was provided by Genentech Pharmaceuticals
文摘AIM: To describe our experience using a low-acceleratingdose regimen(LADR) with pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) recurrence. METHODS: From 2003, a protocolized LADR strategy was employed to treat liver transplant(LT) recipients with recurrent HCV at our institution. Medical records of 182 adult patients with recurrent HCV treated with LADR between 1/2003 and 1/2011 were reviewed. Histopathology from all post-LT liver biopsies were reviewed in a blinded fashion. Paired recipient and donor IL28 B status were assessed. A novel technique was employed to ascertain recipient and donor IL28B(rs12979860) Gt data using DNA extracted from archival FFPE tissue from explanted native livers and donor gallbladders respectively. The primary endpoint was SVR; secondary endpoints examined include(1) patient and graft survival;(2) effect of anti-viral therapy on liver histology(fibrosis and inflammation);(3) incidence of on-treatment development of ACR, CDR, or PCH;(4) association of recipient and donor IL28 B genotype with SVR; and(5) incidence of antiviral therapy-associated adverse events(anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, depression) and hepatic decompensation.RESULTS: The overall SVR rate was 38%(29% Gt1, 67% Gt2, 86% Gt3 and 58% Gt4). HCV Gt(P < 0.0001), donor age(P = 0.003), cytomegalovirus mismatch(P = 0.001), baseline serum bilirubin(P = 0.002), and baseline viral load(P = 0.04) were independent predictors for SVR. SVR rates were significantly higher in the recipient-CC/donor-non CC pairs(P = 0.007). Neither baseline fibrosis nor change in fibrosis stage after anti-viral therapy were associated with SVR. Fibrosis progressed in 72% of patients despite SVR. Median graft survival was 91 mo. Five-year patient survival was superior in patients who achieved SVR(97% vs 82%, P = 0.001). Pre-treatment ALP ≥ 150 U/L(P = 0.01), total bilirubin ≥ 1.5 mg/d L(P = 0.001) and creatinine ≥ 2 mg/d L(P = 0.001) were independently associated with patient survival. Only 13% of patients achieving SVR died during the followup period. Treatment discontinuation and treatmentrelated mortality occurred in 35% and 2.2% of patients, respectively. EPO, G-CSF and blood transfusion were needed in 89%, 40% and 23% of patients, respectively. Overall hospitalization rate for treatment-related serious adverse events was 21%. Forty-six(25%) of the patients were deceased; among those who died, 25(54%) were due to liver-related complications, and 4 deaths(9%) occurred while receiving therapy(2 patients experienced hepatic decompensation and 2 sepsis). CONCLUSION: LADR strategy remains relevant in managing post-LT recurrent HCV where access to DAAs is limited. SVR is associated with improved survival, but fibrosis progression still occurs.
文摘详细计算了一台10 MeV的电子直线加速器周围某些关键位置的辐射剂量,并对其进行了连续监测以及累积剂量的测量,测量结果充分说明工作环境是安全的.在迷宫出口位置理论值很好地符合测量值,这充分验证了经验公式的合理性.同时发现迷道内剂量衰减趋势与计算模型中使用的距离平方反比规律有所不同,要在迷道长度达到一定值后才能确保经验公式给出的结果是保守的.为了实现对辐射场的连续实时监测,此次测量中使用一种新的数据采集设备Mini-DDL(mini digital data logging).
文摘Salmonellae samples provided by FAPAS were detected by VIDAS and GB 4789.4-2016,respectively.The advantages and disadvantages of each detection method were discussed in the paper,so as to provide theoretical support for the detection of Salmonellae.
文摘目的：比较高龄不孕女性体外受精／卵胞质内单精子显微注射一胚胎移植（IVF／ICSI-ET）中微量短效GnRH-a长方案及常规短方案的促排卵效果及临床结局。方法：回顾性分析602例≥35岁不孕患者682个周期IVF／ICSI-ET临床结局，按促排卵方案分为微量短效GnRH-a长方案组（172个周期，A组）和常规短方案组（510个周期，B组），再以年龄段分层（35～37岁，38～39岁及≥40岁），分别比较不同年龄段两种促排卵方案的效果及临床结局。结果：A组Gn用量、Gn使用天数显著高于B组（P〈0．05），MⅡ卵数、优质胚胎率、胚胎移植数、周期取消率均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）；A组与B组相比，临床妊娠率、活产率（36．1％坩29．8％；28．5％vs 23．3％；P〉0．05）有改善趋势；尤其在35～37岁及38～39岁患者中，A组优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、活产率（52．89％vs 47．16％，50．14％ vs 47．97％；41．7％ vs 36．7％，36．4％ vs 22．2％；35．0％ vs 29．2％，24．2％ vs 15．7％；P均〉0．05）均有明显改善趋势。结论：≥35岁不孕女性微量GnRH-a长方案临床结局有改善趋势，可作为高龄不孕女性，尤其是35～39岁不孕患者的有效促排卵方案之一。
