Low-complexity signal detection for massive MIMO systems via trace iterative method

Linear minimum mean square error(MMSE)detection has been shown to achieve near-optimal performance for massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems but inevitably involves complicated matrix inversion,which entails high complexity.To avoid the exact matrix inversion,a considerable number of implicit and explicit approximate matrix inversion based detection methods is proposed.By combining the advantages of both the explicit and the implicit matrix inversion,this paper introduces a new low-complexity signal detection algorithm.Firstly,the relationship between implicit and explicit techniques is analyzed.Then,an enhanced Newton iteration method is introduced to realize an approximate MMSE detection for massive MIMO uplink systems.The proposed improved Newton iteration significantly reduces the complexity of conventional Newton iteration.However,its complexity is still high for higher iterations.Thus,it is applied only for first two iterations.For subsequent iterations,we propose a novel trace iterative method(TIM)based low-complexity algorithm,which has significantly lower complexity than higher Newton iterations.Convergence guarantees of the proposed detector are also provided.Numerical simulations verify that the proposed detector exhibits significant performance enhancement over recently reported iterative detectors and achieves close-to-MMSE performance while retaining the low-complexity advantage for systems with hundreds of antennas.

Low-Complexity Signal Detection Based on Relaxation Iteration Method in Massive MIMO Systems

Minimum mean square error(MMSE) detection algorithm can achieve nearly optimal performance when the number of antennas at the base station(BS) is large enough compared to the number of users. But the traditional MMSE involves complicated matrix inversion. In this paper, we propose a modified MMSE algorithm which exploits the channel characteristics occurring in massive multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO) channels and the relaxation iteration(RI) method to avoid the matrix inversion. A proper initial solution is given to accelerate the convergence speed. In addition, we point out that the channel estimation scheme used in channel hardening-exploiting message passing(CHEMP) receiver is very appropriate for our proposed detection algorithm. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm can achieve very close performance of the traditional MMSE algorithm with a small number of iterations.

Low complexity power control approach based on MMSE detection for V-BLAST

A low complexity Per-Antenna Power Control （PAPC） approach based on Minimum Mean Squared Error （MMSE） detection for V-BLAST is proposed in this paper. The PAPC approach is developed for minimizing the Bit Error Rate （BER） averaged over all substreams when the data throughput and the total transmit power keep constant over time. Simulation results show that the Power-controlled V-BLAST （P-BLAST） outperforms the conventional V-BLAST in terms of BER performance with MMSE detector, especially in presence of high spatial correlation between antennas. However, the additional complexity for P-BLAST is not high. When MMSE detector is adopted, the P-BLAST can achieve a comparable BER performance to that of conventional V-BLAST with Maximum Likelihood （ML） detector but with low complexity.

Novel K-best detection algorithms for MIMO system

Aiming at the optimum path excluding characteristics and the full constellation searching characteristics of the K-best detection algorithm, an improved-performance K-best detection algorithm and several reduced-complexity K-best detection algorithms are proposed. The improved-performance K-best detection algorithm deploys minimum mean square error （MMSE） filtering of a channel matrix before QR decomposition. This algorithm can decrease the probability of excluding the optimum path and achieve better performance. The reducedcomplexity K-best detection algorithms utilize a sphere decoding method to reduce searching constellation points. Simulation results show that the improved performance K-best detection algorithm obtains a 1 dB performance gain compared to the K- best detection algorithm based on sorted QR decomposition （SQRD）. Performance loss occurs when K = 4 in reduced complexity K-best detection algorithms. When K = 8, the reduced complexity K-best detection algorithms require less computational effort compared with traditional K-best detection algorithms and achieve the same performance.

LMMSE-based SAGE channel estimation and data detection joint algorithm for MIMO-OFDM system

A new channel estimation and data detection joint algorithm is proposed for multi-input multi-output （MIMO） - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system using linear minimum mean square error （LMMSE）- based space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization （SAGE） algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, every sub-frame of the MIMO-OFDM system is divided into some OFDM sub-blocks and the LMMSE-based SAGE algorithm in each sub-block is used. At the head of each sub-flame, we insert training symbols which are used in the initial estimation at the beginning. Channel estimation of the previous sub-block is applied to the initial estimation in the current sub-block by the maximum-likelihood （ML） detection to update channel estimatjon and data detection by iteration until converge. Then all the sub-blocks can be finished in turn. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the bit error rate （BER） performance.

Joint Channel and Multi-User Detection Empowered with Machine Learning

The numbers of multimedia applications and their users increase with each passing day.Different multi-carrier systems have been developed along with varying techniques of space-time coding to address the demand of the future generation of network systems.In this article,a fuzzy logic empowered adaptive backpropagation neural network(FLeABPNN)algorithm is proposed for joint channel and multi-user detection(CMD).FLeABPNN has two stages.The first stage estimates the channel parameters,and the second performsmulti-user detection.The proposed approach capitalizes on a neuro-fuzzy hybrid systemthat combines the competencies of both fuzzy logic and neural networks.This study analyzes the results of using FLeABPNN based on a multiple-input andmultiple-output(MIMO)receiver with conventional partial oppositemutant particle swarmoptimization(POMPSO),total-OMPSO(TOMPSO),fuzzy logic empowered POMPSO(FL-POMPSO),and FL-TOMPSO-based MIMO receivers.The FLeABPNN-based receiver renders better results than other techniques in terms of minimum mean square error,minimum mean channel error,and bit error rate.

ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ANALOG MULTIUSER DETECTION IN ULTRA-WIDEBAND TRANSMITTED-REFERENCE SYSTEM

The detection performance is evaluated for our proposed analog multiuser receiver in Ultra-WideBand (UWB) transmitted-reference system. In the presence of dense multipath and multi-access signals,the performance analysis is difficult due to the complicated waveform of received impulse. We develop an approach to analyze the steady-state Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise (SINR) of the detector output. The multipath-spread impulse is fitted to an exponentially decaying profile in the analysis. A closed-form expression of steady-state SINR is further deduced for the proposed Least Minimum Square (LMS) detector. The analysis is validated by simulations in Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) channel respectively. Based on the theoretical results,the multipath delay spread is employed to determine the optimal width of the integration window of the detector.

面向高速移动环境的二级信号检测算法

正交时间序列复用(OTSM)可以以更低的复杂度实现类似正交时频空间(OTFS)调制的传输性能,为未来需要低复杂度收发器的高速移动性通信系统提供一种有前景的解决方法。针对现有的基于时域的高斯-赛德尔(GS)迭代均衡效率不高的问题,提出二级信号检测算法。首先在时域进行低复杂度线性最小均方误差(LMMSE)检测,其次采用连续超松弛(SOR)迭代算法进一步消除残余符号干扰。为进一步提高收敛效率和检测性能,对SOR算法进行线性优化得到改进SOR(ISOR)算法。仿真实验结果表明,与SOR算法相比,ISOR算法在增加较低复杂度前提下可以提升检测性能并加快算法收敛。与GS迭代算法相比,ISOR算法采用16QAM调制且误码率为10-4时有1.61 dB的增益。

基于SDW-MMSE的广义特征值稳健波束形成方法

最大输出信噪比(Signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)准则下,广义特征值(Generalized eigenvalue,GEV)波束形成存在复系数难以控制的问题,在复杂的声学环境中容易导致输出信号严重失真。针对复系数估计问题,本文提出一种基于最小均方误差(Minimum mean square error,MMSE)的复系数估计方法,并通过引入语音失真权重因子(Speech distortion weight,SDW),调节降噪效果和语音失真之间的权重关系,进而提出了基于SDW-MMSE的广义特征值稳健波束形成方法。通过最大似然法估计目标信号和噪音信号的功率谱,进而求解主广义特征向量。进一步基于SDW-MMSE估计复系数,将复系数与主广义特征向量相结合,从而得到基于SDW-MMSE的广义特征值稳健波束形成滤波向量。仿真实验结果表明,本文提出的波束形成方法可有效消除相干噪声和非相干噪声,具有输出信噪比高、语音失真少等稳健性能。

基于SP子空间跟踪的修正的MMSE多用户检测方法

分析比较了多种子空间跟踪算法.复杂度高的特征值分解和奇异值分解不利于工程实现,而低复杂度的PASTd应用于多用户检测导致收敛速度慢并且检测性能差.介绍了SP子空间跟踪算法,利用SP算法跟踪信号子空间求得解调向量,设计了修正的MMSE检测器.与SVDMUD和PASTd MUD两种算法相比,仿真结果显示SP MUD算法收敛速度快,输出信噪比和误码率性能接近SVD MUD算法,并保持了较低的计算复杂度,是一种较好的实现方案.

一种改进的声测定位时延估计算法

研究了时延估计算法在被动声测定位中的应用,提出了一种改进的基于最大似然(ML)权函数的广义互相关时延估计算法。改进的算法采用加窗法和最小均方差(LMS)滤波法,弥补了原算法计算量大及无法消除回响干扰的不足。仿真结果表明,改进的算法计算复杂度明显降低,能够有效地消除回响干扰,具有较高的时延估计精度和鲁棒性。

一种改进的分层空时码检测算法

基于最小均方误差原则,本文给出一种改进的分层空时码权向量计算方法,该算法均衡考虑了信道特性矩阵和接收信号中的噪声对系统的影响,在一定程度上改进了系统性能.仿真结果显示,与ZF算法相比,若采用本文给出的MMSE算法,基于Turbo编码,采用两发两收的LST码系统可获得9~12dB的增益.

线性联合检测算法在TD-SCDMA系统中的性能分析与比较

时分、同步码分多址（TD-SCDMA）系统是基于时分双工（TDD）的块传输系统,它使用了联合检测这项关键技术来抵抗符号间干扰（ISI）和多址干扰（MAI）。以上行链路为例,本文分析了三种线性联合检测算法——匹配滤波块均衡器（MF-BLE）、迫零块均衡器（ZF-BLE）和最小均方误差块均衡器（MMSE-BLE）。从理论上,我们描述了这三种线性联合检测算法的基本原理,并对它们进行了比较（包括抗干扰性能和计算量）。随后,我们模拟了不同参数条件下（信道模型、码道数目、天线数目）这几种算法的性能,并与理论分析进行对照,得出一定结论。

基于贝叶斯测距和迭代最小二乘RSS的定位算法

针对基于接收信号强度(received signal strength,RSS)测距定位框架,提出基于贝叶斯测距和迭代最小二乘定位的RSS的定位算法.在测距阶段,先利用贝叶斯概率模型处理测距过程,并采用最小均方误差(minimum mean square error,MMSE)估计距离;在定位阶段,利用迭代最小二乘(iterative least square,ILS)估计节点的位置,最后重点对其定位性能做了理论分析和对比实验.仿真结果表明,提出的MMSE+ILS定位的方案极大地提高了定位精度,并降低了计算复杂度,但运行时间略有提高.

一种V-BLAST系统的高性能联合检测算法

提出V-BLAST(Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time)系统的一种新的联合检测算法,先通过迫零(ZF)或最小均方误差(MMSE)算法初步检测,粗判决得到包含nT层信号的初始解向量,然后在信号解空间中找到与初始解有最小错误距离的nT个解向量,最后用最大似然(ML)算法从这nT+1个解向量中找出最优解。以QPSK调制方式为例,计算机仿真验证了在准静态平坦衰落信道中新算法的检测性能,与ZF和MMSE算法比较,该算法能明显提高系统性能,在4×4的MIMO系统中,当误码率在10-2数量级时可以获得6dB左右的增益,而且新算法比ML算法的复杂度低很多。

变步长的LMS盲多用户检测

提出了一种变步长 LMS自适应盲多用户检测算法 ,克服了定步长自适应算法的收敛步长与输入信号自相关矩阵特征值大小有关的缺点 ,使算法的步长能够随输入信号矢量的变化而变化 ,提高了算法的收敛性能 ,使其更加符合实际工作的需要。并通过计算机模拟仿真 ,比较了变步长算法和固定步长算法的性能。

分布式发射天线MIMO信号的最优线性检测

在分布式发射天线多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中,信道传播时延使各个发射天线的符号异步到达接收天线.接收信号符号间干扰的特殊性使分布式发射天线MIMO信号的线性检测算法更加复杂,最优线性检测算法也不能直接由最小均方误差(MMSE)准则得到.针对这一问题,提出了基于MMSE准则的分布式发射天线MIMO信号的最优线性检测算法:先最大比合并,再最小均方误差检测.并且,通过界定误码率上下限,得到其分集阶数.仿真结果验证了最优线性检测接收端信号处理方式的正确性.

分层空时码检测算法的研究

分层空时码技术是提高无线信道传输速率的一种十分有效的方法 .迫零检测算法和最小均方误差检测算法是分层空时码体制中经常使用的两种检测算法 ,它们都使用了通常的线性合并置零技术 ,因此要求接收天线数不小于发射天线数 ,即要求在接收机上安装较多的天线 ,从而限制了分层空时码在移动环境下的应用 .本文引入分层空时码的最大似然检测算法 ,突破了前两种算法对接收天线数的限制 ,并分别针对单路径和多径衰落信道环境 ,对分层空时码的三种检测算法的性能进行了仿真比较和分析 ,从而提出了它们各自适合的应用环境 .

MMSE准则下近似最优MIMO分组并行检测算法

在采用多天线高阶QAM的MIMO通信系统中,现有基于信道分组并行检测算法虽然接近最优检测性能但以牺牲计算效率为代价.针对这一问题,本文提出一种MMSE准则下基于信道分组的并行检测算法,不但有效降低计算复杂度,而且仍保证检测性能.该算法采用MMSE准则下格归约算法改进分组后条件较好子信道矩阵特性,并在消除参考信号基础上利用改进的子信道矩阵对剩余信号以非线性方式进行检测.仿真结果表明:对4@4和6@6MIMO系统,该算法检测性能达到最优,对于8@8 MIMO系统,比最优算法所需信噪比提高约1dB.复杂度分析表明:相比现有信道分组检测算法,相同检测性能下该算法在6@6 M IMO系统中复杂度降低90%以上,在8@8 MIMO系统中复杂度降低98%以上.

一种低复杂度MIMO球形检测算法

针对球形译码检测算法在信噪比较低时复杂度大的问题,提出一种新型球形检测算法。通过使用一个压缩因子对低信噪比时的球半径进行抑制,同时结合最小均方误差检测算法降低算法复杂度。仿真结果表明,在信噪比低于10 dB时,该算法相对传统球形译码算法,复杂度平均降低10%左右,并且性能损失较少。