Study on the Tourism Development in Micro Settlements of Ethnic Minorities

Through comprehensively analyzing the development status and existing problems of tourism resources in micro settlements of ethnic minorities,this study aimed to put forward the significance of promoting economic development through primarily developing tourism industry in these areas,and relevant countermeasures to culture feature tourism into the 'growth point' of economy,so as to promote the economic development of ethnic minorities' settlements and the realization of a prosperous society in an all around way.

Evaluating the suitability of different terrains for sustaining human settlements according to the local elevation range in China using the ASTER GDEM

The topographical suitability assessment of human settlements(SAHS) creates a solid foundation for regional population distribution and socio-economic development. Local elevation range(LER) is an important factor that can be used to assess the suitability of different terrains for sustaining human settlements. However, current digital elevation model(DEM)-based LER products suffer from some challenges typically because of their subjectively selected neighborhood scales and coarser spatial resolution. In this study, we initially determined the optimal statistical window and then calculated the appropriate LER with the finer resolution data of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global DEM(ASTER GDEM) products for China. Then, the appropriate LER was used to evaluate the topographical SAHS and its correlations with the national gridded population distribution(1 km × 1 km) in 2010. The results show that the optimal statistical window for calculating a 1 arc-second(about 30 m) resolution GDEM LER for China can be determined using a 51 × 51 grid unit(width × height) within a rectangular neighborhood, corresponding to an area of about 2.34 km^2. Secondly, the LER values in the southern and western China were greater than those of the north and east, showing a trend which consistently reflects the general spatial features of landforms. Finally, the relationship between GDEM LER and population density was highly correlated with the R^2 value of 0.81. It showed that 85.22% of the Chinese population was located in areas where the LER is lower than 500 m. The topographically suitable area within China decreased from the southeastern coastal zone towards the northwestern inland areas due to transition from plains and basins to plateaus and mountains. The total area of moderate to high suitable level was 423.84 × 10~4 km^2, or 44.15% of the total land area, with 88.17% of the national population. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of appropriate LER in evaluating the topographical SAHS as well as its significant impact on population distribution.

Influence and Control Strategy for Local Settlement for High-Speed Railway Infrastructure

This paper discusses the main impact factors of the local settlement and differential settlement of high- speed railway lines. The analysis results show that groundwater exploitation is the direct cause of differ- ential settlement. Based on the study of ballastless track additional load and of vehicle, track, and bridge dynamic responses under different differential settlements, a control standard of differential settlement during operation is proposed preliminarily.

Heterogeneous Spaces in the City: Study on Spatial Characteristics of Tibetan Settlements in Chengdu

Settlement of the minorities is a particular heterogeneous space in a metropolis,and such spaces exist as inseparable parts of the city for historical,social and geopolitical reasons.Taking Tibetan settlement in Wuhou District,Chengdu City for example,this study analyzed spatial features and evolution history of minority settlements,and explored how to respect and accept historic signifi cance and cultural value of these heterogeneous spaces during the rapid urban development,and then use them reasonably and reform creatively,so as to maintain their original spatial features and integrate the spaces into the overall urban structure.

Principles for Designing New Types of Housing for a Strong and Resilient Local Economy in the Republic of Congo

The Congolese population is organised into households, which are thus headed by a chief who ensures the social well-being, development and integration into working life of the individuals in his charge. This study examines the functional principles of new housing design as an instrument for transforming the (current) failing economy into a strong and resilient one. Accordingly, a literature review of the practice of designing and building housing in human settlements in the Congo revealed the state of the art on this subject. An analysis of the existing housing stock from a demographic, social and economic point of view made it possible to identify the most common household sizes and numbers, as well as the lifestyle processes that determine the need for developed space. To this end, the experimental method was used to propose configuration plans for various new types of dwelling. To this end, the study highlighted the link between people’s standard of living and the effectiveness of their involvement in the local economy. To achieve the aims of the National Development Plan (NDP), particular attention must be paid to solving the housing problem. The existing housing stock actively contributes to the problems associated with unemployment and insecurity. Functional principles for the design of new types of housing have been developed. Four model types are proposed in line with the demographic structure of the population, their socio-economic characteristics and their lifestyle.

Local Transfer of Surplus Labors and Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritages in Fenghuang County of West Hunan Province,China

The significance of local transfer of surplus rural labors in regions of minorities for the protection of intangible cultural heritages was discussed from 3 perspectives:definition of intangible cultural heritages,significance of protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritages,and the role of local transfer of surplus rural labors in protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritages.By taking Fenghuang County(Phoenix County)in west Hunan Province for an example,local transfer of surplus rural labor forces was proposed,and it was suggested that such a transfer could be realized from the following aspects:promoting industrialization of agriculture,developing tourism industry in rural regions of minorities,supporting rural labors to start their own business,attracting university graduates to return to their hometowns for founding their own undertakings.Moreover,relevant strategies were elaborated to increase income of rural residents,guarantee the efficient inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritages in regions of minorities.

Compressive Sensing Based Wireless Localization in Indoor Scenarios

The sparse nature of location finding in the spatial domain makes it possible to exploit the Compressive Sensing (CS) theory for wireless location.CS-based location algorithm can largely reduce the number of online measurements while achieving a high level of localization accuracy,which makes the CS-based solution very attractive for indoor positioning.However,CS theory offers exact deterministic recovery of the sparse or compressible signals under two basic restriction conditions of sparsity and incoherence.In order to achieve a good recovery performance of sparse signals,CS-based solution needs to construct an efficient CS model.The model must satisfy the practical application requirements as well as following theoretical restrictions.In this paper,we propose two novel CS-based location solutions based on two different points of view:the CS-based algorithm with raising-dimension pre-processing and the CS-based algorithm with Minor Component Analysis (MCA).Analytical studies and simulations indicate that the proposed novel schemes achieve much higher localization accuracy.

公共健康权益可及性对少数民族流动人口定居意愿的影响

以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化,提高人口整体素质是关键。而流动人口公共健康权益的可获得性和可及性程度又是增强流动人口身体素质、定居意愿、城市融入的关键因素。通过分析2018年全国流动人口动态监测数据(China Migrants Dynamic Survey,简称CMDS),聚焦少数民族流动人口在流入地公共健康权益的现状,进一步使用二分变量对数比回归模型实证分析少数民族流动家庭公共健康权益可及性对定居意愿发生比的影响,关注家庭主要劳动力(个体)和家庭其他成员(幼童、孕产妇)公共健康权益可及性对少数民族流动人口定居意愿的影响,并探讨不同特征的少数民族流动人口健康权益可及性对家庭定居意愿的异质性影响。研究发现:一是公共健康权益可获得性、可及性程度对少数民族流动人口定居意愿存在显著正向影响,且影响效应存在差异。家庭成员公共健康权益的影响效应大于个体影响效应,但孕产妇公共健康权益可获得性与家庭定居意愿没有显著相关关系。二是不同健康权益项目对单个个体健康权益可及性的影响权重不同。健康档案项目对个体公共健康权益的影响效应最大,疫苗接种项目对幼童公共健康权益的影响效应最大,孕产妇四项公共健康权益项目的作用相差不大。三是不同个体获得公共健康权益数量越多,其定居意愿发生比越高,但影响效应不同。公共健康权益可及性程度对于受教育程度低、夫妻两地分居、省内跨市流动的少数民族流动人口定居意愿的影响更大。

多民族聚居区体育文化创造性转化的案例研究——以玉溪市红塔区洛河彝族乡为例

西南多民族聚居区民族传统体育文化的保护传承与创造性转化要以社会主义核心价值观为引领,并以产业这个载体来带动,融入到村寨整体经济的发展过程中,致力于提高村民的物质生活水平。村寨是其文化的主体,而村民则是文化的主人翁、拥有者,文化的保护传承与创造性转化既需要村民意识觉醒与自觉行为,也需要政府、媒体、社会团体、学校、专家学者等多方力量的关注、支持、积极介入与广泛参与,而现代转化是民族传统文化传承与创新的关键。

“恶意补足年龄”规则的本土化建构

低龄未成年人犯罪是一个亟需解决的社会突出问题。目前,我国刑事责任年龄划分现状仍无法与未成年人身心发育超前化特点相适应,更加凸显出刑事责任年龄划分僵硬化特点。英美法系国家“恶意补足年龄”规则对解决此问题具有一定的参考价值。立足中国实际,在论证引入该规则之必要性和可行性基础上,从适用范围、“恶意”认定、惩罚机制及制度体系衔接等方面入手,构建具有中国特色的本土化“恶意补足年龄”规则,以期在保障未成年人权益的同时解决低龄未成年人犯罪无法得到有效治理之难题,不断完善我国未成年人犯罪刑事司法体系。

地方本科院校给付博士引进安家费的理论逻辑和实践经验

引进博士是地方本科院校人才队伍建设的重要途径。博士属于稀缺型人才,给付其一定数额的安家费是地方本科院校招揽博士人才的通行做法。但是,给付博士引进安家费的逻辑性、合理性和科学性经常受到社会的质疑。文章分析了地方本科院校给付博士引进安家费的内在逻辑,运用案例对安家费的发放标准和发放方式进行了研究,结果表明:(1)给付博士引进安家费既符合理论逻辑也符合现实逻辑;(2)人才供求关系和内在价值是确定博士引进安家费标准的主要依据;(3)分期或延期支付博士引进安家费能起到较好的保障、约束和激励作用。

“新乡土主义”理论与乡村聚落空间更新实践——以浙江省台州市黄岩区为例

中国百年乡建历程揭示了农业生产力革新、社会制度变革及其引发的乡村社会经济结构的根本变化,揭示了工业化和城镇化对乡村演进造成的深刻影响。纵观历史进程,我国新阶段实施乡村振兴战略,亟须创新规划建设理论,从而为高水平编制村庄规划、实施高质量乡村建设行动提供指南。“新乡土主义”规划建设理论基于十年来浙江黄岩乡村的一线实践,从实践中探索总结出“三适原则”“三位一体”“三个层面”和“三式规划”理论框架,在实践中取得了较好的成效,可为其他同类条件下的乡村振兴工作提供参考。

民族服装图像描述生成的局部属性注意网络

针对民族服装图像属性信息复杂、类间相似度高且语义属性与视觉信息关联性低,导致图像描述生成结果不准确的问题,提出民族服装图像描述生成的局部属性注意网络.首先构建包含55个类别、30000幅图像,约3600 MB的民族服装图像描述生成数据集;然后定义民族服装208种局部关键属性词汇和30089条文本信息,通过局部属性学习模块进行视觉特征提取和文本信息嵌入,并采用多实例学习得到局部属性;最后基于双层长短期记忆网络定义包含语义、视觉、门控注意力的注意力感知模块,将局部属性、基于属性的视觉特征和文本编码信息进行融合,优化得到民族服装图像描述生成结果.在构建的民族服装描述生成数据集上的实验结果表明,所提出的网络能够生成包含民族类别、服装风格等关键属性的图像描述,较已有方法在精确性指标BLEU和语义丰富程度指标CIDEr上分别提升1.4%和2.2%.

湘桂黔地区侗族乡村聚落边界形态特征分析

选取湘桂黔地区25个侗族乡村聚落作为研究样本,在图底分析法的基础上,基于长宽比、形状指数、分维数量化指标探讨侗族乡村聚落边界的形态特征、破碎程度。结果发现:样本聚落形态呈现团状、带状、带状倾向的团状3种类型,其中团状聚落有10个,带状聚落有10个,带状倾向的团状聚落有5个,聚落形态的形成主要受自然环境、人为因素影响;聚落边界图形呈现出简单平滑和破碎复杂2种状态,其形成受自然环境、宗族理念以及聚落形态特征的影响。研究结果可为侗族乡村聚落保护与发展提供参考。

局地气候分区视角下城市气候与人居环境研究进展

城市气候与人居环境交互影响。局地气候分区(Local Climate Zone, LCZ)推动了城市形态刻画与气候演变规律探索,为城市气候与人居环境研究提供了统一框架。学术界对其研究大多聚焦在城市热环境和气候风险方面,正在向多要素气候模拟和考虑社会经济因素方向发展。审查了主题、方法和主要结论,发现“局地气候分区”、“城市热岛”、“地表温度”、“管理”和“社区”出现频率最高。采用文献计量和专题分析方法,梳理并总结了2012—2023年6月LCZ城市气候与人居环境研究在LCZ制图、相互作用和适应性策略三方面的进展,并展望了未来的研究重点。结果表明,(1)全球已在超过280座城市开展了LCZ研究,LCZ全球数据集的推广扩大了研究尺度且丰富了研究内容;(2)大多研究分析了风热环境为主的气候要素在局地尺度上的时空特征,探讨产生异质性的原因及其对人居环境的作用机理,揭示了城市蓝绿空间对于优化冷却效果、防范和治理热源等缓解性策略的重要性。其中自2018年起LCZ热环境研究向多元化发展,研究区域开始出现大都市圈或城市群;(3) LCZ能够辅助识别人居环境中高度暴露和脆弱的地区,近年来的研究趋向于在气候/生态风险评估中寻找适应性策略,且更加关注易感人群和低收入者。综述将有利于LCZ框架下城市气候与人居环境研究现状和发展趋势的宏观把握,为后续研究提供思路。

乡村振兴背景下湘西少数民族聚落文化生态根植性研究

乡村振兴战略是解决新时代我国社会主要矛盾、实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的必然选择,是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的重大历史任务。乡村振兴战略的实施需要多元文化生态在乡村扎根,文化生态具有根植性。湘西少数民族聚落作为湘西少数民族生活和生产的重要场所,是中华民族多元一体文化生态的重要组成部分。乡村振兴战略的实施为湘西少数民族聚落文化生态保护带来了新的机遇,传统聚落文化生态面临着文化遗产保护与生态环境失衡、传统聚落文化的生态适应与现代化转换、传统聚落文化的传承与创新等多重挑战。基于此,分析湘西少数民族聚落文化生态根植性的特征及作用,进而提出湘西少数民族聚落文化生态根植性保护策略。

陇南山地传统聚落及乡土建筑生成机制研究——以张坝古村为例

在快速城镇化的推动下,我国传统村落地域性要素缺失、识别性差。本文从景观基因理论出发,以传统村落为研究对象,构建出传统村落的景观基因研究体系,以有效保护传统村落的特色空间与建筑特征。以张坝古村为例,结合传统聚落空间模型,本文对其控制(社会、经济、文化要素)、基底(自然背景要素)、基质(建筑等点状要素)、路径(街巷及公共空间等线状要素)、外源(可带动该区域发展的辐射性要素)五大基因进行识别,并总结五大基因的作用机制,构建张坝古村的景观基因图谱,全面总结陇南山地传统聚落及乡土建筑生成机制,综合探索“基因活化”途径。以期保护和传承张坝古村独特的地域文化,激发古村活力,也为其他传统村落景观基因体系的构建提供参考。

坪坦河流域侗族聚落空间特征及其内生逻辑

侗族聚落是中华地域性文明的重要物质载体,明晰内化在聚落中的空间特征和内生逻辑对地域文化的保护与传承具有重要意义。以坪坦河流域侗族为例,利用GIS空间分析、边界形状指数、空间句法,从流域聚落空间分布、村落空间环境结构及村域空间形态特征三方面对聚落空间生成中的3类要素(村落选址、外部边界与内部结构)进行深入剖析,探讨其空间逻辑关系。研究表明:1)坪坦河流域侗族聚落呈现明显的空间集聚,形成了以近水型村落占主导,择中上游而居,沿流域内线性水网分布的特点;2)聚落空间环境呈现“山、林、寨、水、田”等要素组成的立体化景观空间结构序列,但不同空间类型的聚落空间形态特征存在明显差异;3)聚落边界形态以指状和带状形态边界为主,内部形成以鼓楼等为核心的空间引领村落发展,存在明显的等级与秩序,不同空间类型的聚落形态特征量化数值有着明显的范围区间;4)聚落空间在自适应生态、自组织社会和自发展生存3种逻辑机制的耦合中呈现多样化的空间特征。在此基础上提出流域聚落空间保护的策略引导。

中庄秧歌现状调查及保护传承

晋东南地区中庄秧歌作为山西省非物质文化遗产之一,唱腔曲调有“五更鼓”“辽调”“垛板”“呼呼调”等,元音辅音使用、省字省音重叠应用极具地方特色,剧目剧情切合时代需求。但因受众范围有限,传承发展受阻,本文据此提出有价值的建议。

国际投资争端解决视阈下卡尔沃主义的复兴及影响

现代国际投资争端解决机制的结构体系,始终伴随着东道国、投资母国和投资者这三方关系在“公”“私”两个维度上的互动而发生着变化,构成一个“三方二维”结构。在国际投资争端解决机制中,国家究竟是将争端解决的权利向外让渡还是收回,国际投资争端解决机制构建的重心是向国家远离还是回归,卡尔沃主义从诞生、发展、沉寂到复兴的过程给出了答案。随着卡尔沃主义的复兴,世界主要国家和地区采取积极的应对模式与改革措施,对原有的国际投资仲裁机制进行修正并向国家回归。坚持和维护国家主权的利益将构成未来一段时期国际投资争端解决机制变革的重要主题。