基于NOD样受体3炎性小体通路对利拉鲁肽在氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导内皮细胞损伤的作用机制研究

背景动脉粥样硬化是世界范围内引起心脑血管疾病最主要的原因,炎症是目前研究热点,其中NOD样受体3(NLRP3)是研究最为深入的炎症小体。胰高糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂有抗动脉粥样硬化作用,具体机制尚不明确。目的研究利拉鲁肽通过拮抗氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的内皮细胞损伤的作用机制。方法2022-03-25—05-19培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC),取HUVEC加空白血清作为对照组,100μg/mL的ox-LDL干预HUVEC 48 h作为模型组,100μg/mL的ox-LDL干预HUVEC 24 h后分别加入100、200、400 nmol/L利拉鲁肽处理24 h作为利拉鲁肽低浓度组、利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组。CCK-8法计算细胞增殖率。通过扫描电镜观察焦亡细胞形态。检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测白介素(IL)-1β、IL-18表达水平。蛋白质免疫印迹试验(Western blot)检测NLRP3、接头蛋白凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1(Caspase-1)、焦亡执行蛋白(GSDMD)、N端结构域的焦亡执行蛋白(N-GSDMD)表达水平。结果模型组、利拉鲁肽低浓度组和利拉鲁肽中浓度组细胞增殖率低于对照组,利拉鲁肽低浓度组、利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组细胞增殖率高于模型组(P<0.05)。细胞扫描电镜结果示模型组细胞焦亡明显,利拉鲁肽低浓度组、利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组细胞焦亡情况明显改善。模型组、利拉鲁肽低浓度组LDH活力高于对照组,利拉鲁肽低浓度组、利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组、利拉鲁肽低浓度组IL-1β表达水平高于对照组,利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组IL-1β表达水平低于模型组(P<0.05);模型组IL-18表达水平高于对照组,利拉鲁肽低浓度组、利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组IL-18表达水平低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、GSDMD、N-GSDMD表达水平高于对照组,利拉鲁肽低浓度组ASC、Caspase-1表达水平高于对照组,利拉鲁肽中浓度组NLRP3、ASC表达水平低于模型组,利拉鲁肽高浓度组NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1表达水平低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论利拉鲁肽显著抑制ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞NLRP3炎性小体活化,并且能够抑制内皮细胞的焦亡,具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用。

中晚期孕妇血清NOV/CCN3水平变化及其与妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠结局的关系

目的探讨中晚期孕妇血清NOV/CCN3水平变化,并分析其与妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)及妊娠结局的关系。方法根据口服葡萄糖耐量实验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)结果,将252例妊娠女性分为GDM组与对照组。根据妊娠前体质量指数水平及妊娠结局情况将GDM组进行分组。收集所有研究对象临床资料,比较组间一般资料、生化指标及NOV/CCN3水平的差异。结果GDM组血清NOV/CCN3水平高于对照组(P<0.001)。Spearman相关分析结果表明血清NOV/CCN3与妊娠前体质量、妊娠前体质量指数、胰岛素抵抗指数、总胆固醇呈正相关,与胰岛素敏感指数呈负相关(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果表明,NOV/CCN3是GDM发生的独立危险因素[OR=1.097,95%CI(1.020~1.179),P=0.013],且是GDM患者发生不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素[OR=1.032,95%CI(1.020~1.045),P<0.001],ROC分析结果显示曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.840、0.784(P<0.05)。结论中晚期孕妇血清NOV/CCN3水平与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及糖脂代谢相关,参与GDM发生发展,为评估中晚期孕妇发生GDM及GDM患者妊娠结局提供新的思路。

Tranylcypromine upregulates Sestrin 2 expression to ameliorate NLRP3-related noise-induced hearing loss

Noise-induced hearing loss is the primary non-genetic factor contributing to auditory dysfunction.However,there are currently no effective pharmacological interventions for patients with noise-induced hearing loss.Here,we present evidence suggesting that the lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitor–tranylcypromine is an otoprotective agent that could be used to treat noise-induced hearing loss,and elucidate its underlying regulatory mechanisms.We established a mouse model of permanent threshold shift hearing loss by exposing the mice to white broadband noise at a sound pressure level of 120 d B for 4 hours.We found that tranylcypromine treatment led to the upregulation of Sestrin2(SESN2)and activation of the autophagy markers light chain 3B and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 in the cochleae of mice treated with tranylcypromine.The noise exposure group treated with tranylcypromine showed significantly lower average auditory brainstem response hearing thresholds at click,4,8,and 16 k Hz frequencies compared with the noise exposure group treated with saline.These findings indicate that tranylcypromine treatment resulted in increased SESN2,light chain 3B,and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 expression after noise exposure,leading to a reduction in levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and cleaved caspase-3,thereby reducing noise-induced hair cell loss.Additionally,immunoblot analysis demonstrated that treatment with tranylcypromine upregulated SESN2 expression via the autophagy pathway.Tranylcypromine treatment also reduced the production of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domaincontaining 3(NLRP3)production.In conclusion,our results showed that tranylcypromine treatment ameliorated cochlear inflammation by promoting the expression of SESN2,which induced autophagy,thereby restricting NLRP3-related inflammasome signaling,alleviating cochlear hair cell loss,and protecting hearing function.These findings suggest that inhibiting lysine-specific demethylase 1 is a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing hair cell loss and noise-induced hearing loss.

Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome attenuates spiral ganglion neuron degeneration in aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss

Aminoglycosides are a widely used class of antibacterials renowned for their effectiveness and broad antimicrobial spectrum.However,their use leads to irreversible hearing damage by causing apoptosis of hair cells as their direct target.In addition,the hearing damage caused by aminoglycosides involves damage of spiral ganglion neurons upon exposure.To investigate the mechanisms underlying spiral ganglion neuron degeneration induced by aminoglycosides,we used a C57BL/6J mouse model treated with kanamycin.We found that the mice exhibited auditory deficits following the acute loss of outer hair cells.Spiral ganglion neurons displayed hallmarks of pyroptosis and exhibited progressive degeneration over time.Transcriptomic profiling of these neurons showed significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation and immune response,particularly those related to the NLRP3 inflammasome.Activation of the canonical pyroptotic pathway in spiral ganglion neurons was observed,accompanied by infiltration of macrophages and the release of proinflammatory cytokines.Pharmacological intervention targeting NLRP3 using Mcc950 and genetic intervention using NLRP3 knockout ameliorated spiral ganglion neuron degeneration in the injury model.These findings suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis plays a role in aminoglycoside-induced spiral ganglion neuron degeneration.Inhibition of this pathway may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for treating sensorineural hearing loss by reducing spiral ganglion neuron degeneration.

The emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to ameliorate hippocampal NLRP3 inflammation induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescence

Our previous studies have reported that activation of the NLRP3(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)-inflammasome complex in ethanol-treated astrocytes and chronic alcohol-fed mice could be associated with neuroinflammation and brain damage.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(MSC-EVs)have been shown to restore the neuroinflammatory response,along with myelin and synaptic structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex,and alleviate cognitive and memory dysfunctions induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice.Considering the therapeutic role of the molecules contained in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles,the present study analyzed whether the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose tissue,which inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,was capable of reducing hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent mice treated with binge drinking.We demonstrated that the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated the activation of the hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome complex and other NLRs inflammasomes(e.g.,pyrin domain-containing 1,caspase recruitment domain-containing 4,and absent in melanoma 2,as well as the alterations in inflammatory genes(interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,inducible nitric oxide synthase,nuclear factor-kappa B,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and C–X3–C motif chemokine ligand 1)and miRNAs(miR-21a-5p,miR-146a-5p,and miR-141-5p)induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice.Bioinformatic analysis further revealed the involvement of miR-21a-5p and miR-146a-5p with inflammatory target genes and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways.Taken together,these findings provide novel evidence of the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs to ameliorate the hippocampal neuroinflammatory response associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by binge drinking in adolescence.

g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets coupled with CoSe_(2)as co-catalyst for efficient photooxidation of xylose to xylonic acid

Photocatalysis has emerged as an effective approach to sustainably convert biomass into value-added products.CoSe_(2)is a promising nonprecious,efficient cocatalyst for photooxidation,which can facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron–holes,increase the reaction rates,and enhance photocatalytic efficiency.In this work,we synthesized a stable and efficient photocatalysis system of CoSe_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)through attaching CoSe_(2)on g-C_(3)N_(4)sheets,with a yield of 50.12%for the selective photooxidation of xylose to xylonic acid.Under light illumination,the photogenerated electrons were prone to migrating from g-C_(3)N_(4)to CoSe_(2)due to the higher work function of CoSe_(2),resulting in the accelerated separation of photogenerated electron–holes and the promoted photooxidation.Herein,this study reveals the unique function of CoSe_(2),which can significantly promote oxygen adsorption,work as an electron sink and accelerate the generation of ·O_(2)^(-),thereby improving the selectivity toward xylonic acid over other by-products.This work provides useful insights into the design of selective photocatalysts by engineering g-C_(3)N_(4)for biomass high-value utilization.

Development and application prospect of stem cell combined with 3D printing technology for oral disease

With organ transplantation facing many dilemmas,tissue and organ regeneration as an alternative has bright prospects.In regenerative medicine,Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology and stem cells has been widely applied to the treatment of diseases related to tissue or organ replacement in dentistry,respectively.However,there are very few studies on the combination of the two,and even fewer clinical studies have been reported in dentistry.In this review,the current oral tissue engineering in vivo and in vitro based on 3D printing and stem cell technology will be summarized,and the discussion on the development prospects of this research direction will be given.Besides,the working principles and advantages&disadvantages of several types of 3D printers,as well as the mechanism of stem cells in tissue engineering will be elucidated.This review provides clinicians and researchers with the current state of research and trends in the combination of stem cells and 3D printing technology to treat oral-related diseases.In the future,3D bioprinters are poised for ongoing innovation with the advancement of relevant technologies,catalyzing an increase in clinical studies focused on treating oral diseases using stem cells and 3D scaffolds.Consequently,these developments will further advance the field of oral tissue engineering.

Colony-stimulating factor 3 and its receptor promote leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 expression and ligands in gastric

BACKGROUND Colony-stimulating factor 3(CSF3)and its receptor(CSF3R)are known to promote gastric cancer(GC)growth and metastasis.However,their effects on the immune microenvironment remain unclear.Our analysis indicated a potential link between CSF3R expression and the immunosuppressive receptor leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2(LILRB2)in GC.We hypothesized that CSF3/CSF3R may regulate LILRB2 and its ligands,angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2)and human leukocyte antigen-G(HLA-G),contributing to immunosuppression.AIM To investigate the relationship between CSF3/CSF3R and LILRB2,as well as its ligands ANGPTL2 and HLA-G,in GC.METHODS Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed,stratifying patients by CSF3R expression.Differentially expressed genes and immune checkpoints were evaluated.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was performed on GC tissues.Correlation analyses of CSF3R,LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G were conducted using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and IHC results.GC cells were treated with CSF3,and expression levels of LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.RESULTS Among 122 upregulated genes in high CSF3R expression groups,LILRB2 showed the most significant increase.IHC results indicated high expression of LILRB2(63.0%),ANGPTL2(56.5%),and HLA-G(73.9%)in GC tissues.Strong positive correlations existed between CSF3R and LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G mRNA levels(P<0.001).IHC confirmed positive correlations between CSF3R and LILRB2(P<0.001),and HLA-G(P=0.010),but not ANGPTL2(P>0.05).CSF3 increased LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G expression in GC cells.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 modulation significantly altered their expression,impacting CSF3’s regulatory effects.CONCLUSION The CSF3/CSF3R pathway may contribute to immunosuppression in GC by upregulating LILRB2 and its ligands,with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 playing a regulatory role.

Dapagliflozin exerts anti-apoptotic effects by mitigating macrophage polarization via modulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Macrophages are central to the orchestration of immune responses,inflammatory processes,and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.The dynamic polarization of macrophages into M1 and M2 phenotypes critically modulates inflammation and contributes to the progression of diabetic nephropathy.Sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin,which are acclaimed for their efficacy in diabetes management,may influence macrophage polarization,thereby ameliorating diabetic nephropathy.This investigation delves into these mechanistic pathways,aiming to elucidate novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes.AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of dapagliflozin on macrophage M1 polarization and apoptosis and to explore its mechanism of action.METHODS We established a murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus and harvested peritoneal macrophages following treatment with dapagliflozin.Concurrently,the human monocyte cell line cells were used for in vitro studies.Macrophage viability was assessed in a cell counting kit 8 assay,whereas apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining.Protein expression was examined through western blotting,and the expression levels of macrophage M1 surface immunosorbent assay,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses.RESULTS Dapagliflozin attenuated M1 macrophage polarization and mitigated apoptosis in the abdominal macrophages of diabetic mice,evidenced by the downregulation of proapoptotic genes(Caspase 3),inflammatory cytokines[interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and IL-1β],and M1 surface markers(inducible nitric oxide synthase,and cluster of differentiation 86),as well as the upregulation of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2.Moreover,dapagliflozin suppressed the expression of proteins associated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway(PI3K,AKT,phosphorylated protein kinase B).These observations were corroborated in vitro,where we found that the modulatory effects of dapagliflozin were abrogated by 740Y-P,an activator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin attenuates the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype,thereby mitigating inflammation and promoting macrophage apoptosis.These effects are likely mediated through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

LEF1 influences diabetic retinopathy and retinal pigment epithelial cell ferroptosis via the miR-495-3p/GRP78 axis through lnc-MGC

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the major eye diseases contributing to blindness worldwide.Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in retinal cells is a key factor leading to retinal inflammation and vascular leakage in DR,but its mechanism is still unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of LEF1 and related RNAs in DR.METHODS ARPE-19 cells were exposed to high levels of glucose for 24 hours to simulate a diabetic environment.Intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin was used to induce the rat model of DR.The expression levels of genes and related proteins were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting;lnc-MGC and miR-495-3p were detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization;CCK-8 and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect inflammatory factors;dual-luciferase gene assays were used to verify the targeting relationship;and the retina was observed by HE staining.RESULTS LEF1 and lnc-MGC have binding sites,and lnc-MGC can regulate the miR-495-3p/GRP78 molecular axis.In high glucose-treated cells,inflammation was aggravated,the intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration was increased,cell viability was reduced,apoptosis was increased,the ER response was intensified,and ferroptosis was increased.As an ER molecular chaperone,GRP78 regulates the ER and ferroptosis under the targeting of miR-495-3p,whereas inhibiting LEF1 can further downregulate the expression of lnc-MGC,increase the level of miR-495-3p,and sequentially regulate the level of GRP78 to alleviate the occurrence and development of DR.Animal experiments indicated that the knockdown of LEF1 can affect the lnc-MGC/miR-495-3p/GRP78 signaling axis to restrain the progression of DR.CONCLUSION LEF1 knockdown can regulate the miR-495-3p/GRP78 molecular axis through lnc-MGC,which affects ER stress and restrains the progression of DR and ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.

有氧运动训练影响阿尔茨海默症小鼠海马Notch1、Caspase-3的表达

背景:β-淀粉样蛋白和Tau蛋白会对阿尔茨海默症患者的认知功能产生不良影响,研究发现Notch1及Caspase-3能够调控β-淀粉样蛋白和Tau蛋白的表达。Notch1及Caspase-3是否介导了有氧运动改善阿尔茨海默症患者认知能力的过程还不清楚,目前缺乏长期有氧运动影响阿尔茨海默症小鼠海马中Notch1及Caspase-3表达的研究。目的:观察长期有氧运动干预阿尔茨海默症小鼠的空间学习记忆情况及其海马中Notch1及Caspase-3的表达,探讨Notch1及Caspase-3对阿尔茨海默症小鼠的影响。方法:将3月龄野生型及APP/PS1双转基因阿尔茨海默症小鼠随机分为4组:野生对照组、野生运动组、阿尔茨海默症对照组、阿尔茨海默症运动组,每组20只。对照组小鼠不进行运动,运动组小鼠进行5个月的有氧运动干预。运动干预结束后,采用Morris水迷宫检测小鼠空间学习记忆能力;采用Real-timePCR、免疫荧光及Westernblot检测各组小鼠海马组织Aβ_(1-42)、Tau、Notch1及Caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果与结论:①阿尔茨海默症小鼠空间学习记忆能力显著差于野生组(P<0.05);运动组小鼠空间学习记忆能力显著优于对照组(P<0.05);②阿尔茨海默症对照组小鼠海马Aβ_(1-42)、Tau、Notch1及Caspase-3表达均显著高于野生对照组(P<0.05);阿尔茨海默症运动组小鼠海马Aβ_(1-42)、Tau、Notch1及Caspase-3表达显著低于阿尔茨海默症对照组(P<0.05);③提示:长期有氧运动干预能够改善阿尔茨海默症小鼠的空间学习记忆能力,而这可能与有氧运动降低阿尔茨海默症小鼠海马Notch1、Caspase-3、Aβ_(1-42)及Tau蛋白表达有关。

Mesalazine alleviated the symptoms of spontaneous colitis in interleukin-10 knockout mice by regulating the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Excessive endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in intestinal epithelial cells can lead to damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier,activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway,and exacerbate the inflammatory response,thus participating in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis(UC).Mesalazine is a commonly used drug in the clinical treatment of UC.However,further studies are needed to determine whether mesalazine regulates the ER stress of intestinal epithelial cells,downregulates the STAT3/NF-κB pathway to play a role in the treatment of UC.AIM To study the therapeutic effects of mesalazine on spontaneous colitis in interleukin-10(IL-10)-/-mice.METHODS The 24-week-old IL-10-/-mice with spontaneous colitis were divided into the model group and the 5-amino salicylic acid group.Littermates of wild-type mice of the same age group served as the control.There were eight mice in each group,four males and four females.The severity of symptoms of spontaneous colitis in IL-10-/-mice was assessed using disease activity index scores.On day 15,the mice were sacrificed.The colon length was measured,and the histopathological changes and ultrastructure of colonic epithelial cells were detected.The protein expressions of STAT3,p-STAT3,NF-κB,IκB,p-IκB,and glucoseregulated protein 78 were identified using Western blotting.The STAT3 and NF-κB mRNA expressions were identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction.The glucose-regulated protein 78 and C/EBP homologous protein expressions in colon sections were detected using immunofluorescence.RESULTS Mesalazine reduced the symptoms of spontaneous colitis in IL-10 knockout mice and the histopathological damage of colonic tissues,and alleviated the ER stress in epithelial cells of colitis mice.Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the STAT3/NF-κB pathway in the colon tissue of model mice was activated,suggesting that this pathway was involved in the pathogenesis of UC and might become a potential therapeutic target.Mesalazine could down-regulate the protein expressions of p-STAT3,NF-κB and p-IκB,and down-regulate the mRNA expression of STAT3 and NF-κB.CONCLUSION Mesalazine may play a protective role in UC by reducing ER stress by regulating the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway.

血清KLF2、NOS3水平对大动脉粥样硬化型急性脑梗死患者的诊断及病情评估价值

[目的]探讨锌指样转录因子2(KLF2)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶3(NOS3)水平在大动脉粥样硬化(LAA)型急性脑梗死(ACI)患者诊断及病情评估中的价值。[方法]将150例LAA型ACI患者根据病情分为轻度组(n=36)、中度组(n=48)和重度组(n=66),另选取同期门诊健康体检者设为对照组(n=150)。比较各组血清KLF2、NOS3水平;ROC曲线分别分析血清KLF2、NOS3水平对LAA型ACI的诊断价值和对发生重度LAA型ACI的预测价值。[结果]LAA型ACI组患者血清KLF2、NOS3水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。轻、中、重度组LAA型ACI患者血清KLF2、NOS3水平依次显著降低(P<0.05)。血清KLF2、NOS3二者联合诊断LAA型ACI的AUC为0.858,灵敏度为73.33%,特异度为86.00%,优于KLF2、NOS3各自单独诊断(Z联合检测-KLF2=3.796,Z联合检测-NOS3=4.689,均P<0.001)。血清KLF2、NOS3二者联合预测发生重度LAA型ACI的AUC为0.878,灵敏度为77.27%,特异度为90.48%,优于KLF2、NOS3各自单独预测(Z联合检测-KLF2=2.401,P=0.016;Z联合检测-NOS3=3.070,P=0.002)。[结论]LAA型ACI患者血清KLF2、NOS3水平显著降低,且与病情严重程度显著负相关,二者联合应用对LAA型ACI诊断和病情预测具有较高的评估效能。

衔接蛋白失能同源物2通过抑制NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3对结核性胸膜炎大鼠炎症和氧化应激的影响

目的:探讨衔接蛋白失能同源物2(DAB2)抑制NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)对结核性胸膜炎大鼠炎症和氧化应激的影响。方法:按照随机数字法将60只SPF级雄性SD大鼠分为四组,每组40只。除正常对照组外,结核性胸膜炎组、DAB2组和pcDNA-NLRP3组进行建模处理,以第2天是否抽出胸腔积液为模型建立成功。正常对照组不注射结核分枝杆菌H37RV悬液,DAB2组建模后第2天静脉注射AAV9-DAB2质粒,每天1次,连续注射7 d,DAB2+pcDNA-NLRP3组在注射AAV9-DAB2质粒500μg/L的同时注射pcDNA-NLRP380μl,正常对照组和结核性胸膜炎组的大鼠尾静脉注射0.9%氯化钠溶液。进行各组呼吸功能指标测定,收集胸腔积液,记录积液量,观察3、5、7 d的胸腔积液粘连性情况,HE染色观察胸膜组织病理学情况,Western blot检测胸膜组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、基质金属蛋白酶1(MMP-1)和MMP-9蛋白表达,荧光探针DCFH-DA分析检测活性氧(ROS)的水平。结果:与正常组相比,结核性胸膜炎组的大鼠的胸腔积液和胸膜厚度明显增加,用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、用力呼气容积(FEV)0.3和FEV0.3/FVC显著降低,TNF-α、IL-8、MMP-1和MMP-9蛋白表达显著升高,基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂(TIMP-1)蛋白表达显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)水平升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平降低,ROS累积量明显升高(均P<0.001);与结核性胸膜炎组相比,DAB2组大鼠胸腔积液和胸膜厚度显著降低,FVC、PEF、FEV0.3和FEV0.3/FVC明显升高,DAB2组大鼠胸膜组织中的TNF-α、IL-8、MMP-1和MMP-9蛋白表达明显降低,TIMP-1水平明显升高,MDA水平降低,SOD水平升高,ROS累积量明显降低(均P<0.001);与DAB2组相比,DAB2+pcDNA-NLRP3组大鼠胸腔积液和胸膜厚度明显升高,FVC、PEF、FEV0.3和FEV0.3/FVC明显降低,DAB2+pcDNA-NLRP3组的TNF-α、IL-8、MMP-1和MMP-9蛋白表达明显升高,TIMP-1蛋白表达显著降低,MDA水平明显升高,SOD水平显著降低,ROS累积量显著升高(均P<0.001),各组大鼠在3、5、7 d的胸腔积液粘连性评分比较采用重复测量设计的方差分析,结果显示,不同时间点的胸腔积液粘连性评分比较差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.001);各组胸腔积液粘连性评分比较差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.001);各组胸腔积液粘连性评分变化趋势比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001);与模型组相比,DAB2组大鼠的胸膜内和肺间质内血管充血症状减轻,有少量的纤维组织增生,上皮样细胞团以及凝固型坏死也明显减少,淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸润也明显减少;与DAB2组相比,DAB2+pcDNA-NLRP3组大鼠的胸膜内和肺间质内血管充血症状加重,出现的纤维组织增生,上皮样细胞团以及凝固型坏死也明显增多,淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸润也明显增加。结论:DAB2通过抑制NLRP3的活性促进胸腔积液的吸收,降低胸膜厚度和粘连发生率,降低炎症反应和氧化应激水平,缓解结核性胸膜炎的进展。

秋水仙碱通过激动PI3K/AKT/eNOS信号通路对急性心肌梗死大鼠心功能的影响

目的:探究秋水仙碱通过调节磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)/内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)信号通路对急性心肌梗死(AMI)大鼠心功能的影响。方法:78只大鼠中随机选取12只作为假手术组,剩余大鼠构建AMI模型,造模成功大鼠分为模型组、秋水仙碱组[4 mg/(kg·d)]、秋水仙碱[4 mg/(kg·d)]+LY294002(20 mg/mL)组、秋水仙碱[4 mg/(kg·d)]+MK-2206(60μg/mL)组、秋水仙碱[4 mg/(kg·d)]+L-NAME(1.6 mg/mL)组,每组12只。超声心动图检测大鼠左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、射血分数(EF)及短轴缩短率(FS)。处死大鼠,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色检测大鼠心肌组织石蜡切片病理学变化;末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测心肌细胞凋亡率;酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)以及心肌组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平;免疫印迹法(Western Blot)测定大鼠心肌组织PI3K/AKT/eNOS通路蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠LVESD、LVEDD,血清CK-MB、TNF-α、IL-6水平,心肌匀浆MDA、心肌细胞凋亡率升高,EF、FS水平,心肌匀浆SOD、CAT,心肌组织磷酸化PI3K(p-PI3K)/PI3K、磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)/AKT、磷酸化eNOS(p-eNOS)/eNOS降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,秋水仙碱组大鼠LVESD、LVEDD,血清CK-MB、TNF-α、IL-6水平,心肌匀浆MDA、心肌细胞凋亡率降低,EF、FS水平,心肌匀浆SOD、CAT,心肌组织p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-eNOS/eNOS升高(P<0.05);与秋水仙碱组相比,秋水仙碱+LY294002组、秋水仙碱+MK-2206组、秋水仙碱+L-NAME组大鼠LVESD、LVEDD,血清CK-MB、TNF-α、IL-6水平,心肌匀浆MDA、心肌细胞凋亡率升高,EF、FS水平,心肌匀浆SOD、CAT,心肌组织p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-eNOS/eNOS降低(P<0.05)。结论:秋水仙碱可能通过激活PI3K/AKT/eNOS信号通路对AMI大鼠发挥心功能保护作用。

La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)-Ba/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂对NO选择性生成NH_(3)的影响

为了实现碳中和目标,降低内燃机碳排放,稀薄燃烧技术成为了当前重要的研究方向.该技术不仅能提高发动机燃油热效率,还能有效降低CO_(2)排放.但是稀薄燃烧往往会伴随着大量氮氧化物的产生,为了解决该问题,采用LNT-SCR耦合的NO_(x)净化技术,此时LNT的作用是将排气中部分NO_(x)转化为NH_(3),为下游的SCR提供还原剂.基于此,制备了LNT催化剂,研究催化剂对NO选择性生成NH_(3)的影响.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)系列钙钛矿氧化物,并通过分步浸渍法得到了La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)-Ba/Al_(2)O_(3)负载型催化剂.利用XRD、H_(2)-TPR、NO-TPD等表征手段研究了钙钛矿氧化物的晶相结构,以及负载型催化剂的还原特性、NO_(x)吸附-脱附性能等物化性质,并且通过H_(2)选择性催化还原NO实验探究了催化剂掺杂Ce对NO转化成NH_(3)的影响.结果表明,Ce掺杂催化剂具有良好的NH_(3)产物选择性,并且显著提高了NO转化率.温度是NO转化和NH_(3)产物选择性生成的决定性因素,而H_(2)和NO体积比是NO转化和NH_(3)产物选择性生成的关键性因素.其中,La_(0.95)Ce_(0.05)MnO_(3)-Ba/Al_(2)O_(3)在低温下催化活性表现最佳,在350℃、H_(2)和NO体积比为5.0时NH_(3)产物选择性为65%,NO转化率为100%.此外,所制备的La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)都形成了钙钛矿型结构,而且Ce掺杂催化剂的大部分Ce离子可以进入到LaMnO_(3)结构中.在催化剂适量掺杂Ce后,H_(2)消耗总面积增大、还原峰的峰值温度降低,表明掺杂Ce改善了催化剂的还原特性;同时NO吸附和脱附面积增大,表明Ce掺杂改变了催化剂的NO_(x)吸附-脱附性能.

艾司氯胺酮通过糖原合成酶激酶-3β/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域蛋白3通路改善新生鼠缺氧缺血性心肌损伤的研究

目的基于糖原合成酶激酶-3β/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域蛋白3(GSK-3β/NLRP3)通路探讨艾司氯胺酮对新生鼠缺氧缺血性心肌损伤的作用。方法将30只新生大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组及艾司氯胺酮组,每组10只。假手术组新生鼠行颈部正中切口,暴露双侧颈总动脉;模型组和艾司氯胺酮组新生鼠采用结扎颈总动脉联合低氧环境建立缺血缺氧模型;艾司氯胺酮组新生鼠给予艾司氯胺酮干预(50 mg/kg)。检测各组新生鼠左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β水平,心肌损伤、心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡蛋白半胱氨酸蛋白酶1/3/9(caspase 1/3/9)水平,心肌组织中性粒细胞浸润情况,以及心肌组织中GSK-3β、NLRP3蛋白水平变化。结果相比于假手术组,模型组新生鼠LVEF、LVFS降低,LVEDD、LVESD增高,且艾司氯胺酮组新生鼠LVEF、LVFS高于模型组,LVEDD、LVESD低于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。模型组血清CK-MB、cTnI、LDH、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平,心肌损伤及凋亡,心肌组织切割的caspase 1/3/9蛋白水平、中性粒细胞数量、GSK-3β、NLRP3蛋白水平增加,且艾司氯胺酮组上述指标低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论艾司氯胺酮通过抑制炎症反应改善新生鼠缺氧缺血性心肌损伤,其作用机制与GSK-3β/NLRP3通路有关。

B/KNO_(3)点火药装药的烤燃特性研究

为研究B/KNO_(3)点火药的热安全性,建立多点测温烤燃实验装置,对不同升温速率、不同装药密度条件下的B/KNO_(3)点火药装药进行多点测温烤燃实验,以获得点火药装药发生点火的准确时间与烤燃过程中不同监测点的温度历程。建立B/KNO_(3)点火药装药烤燃实验的数值计算模型并进行了数值模拟,计算中考虑了点火药的自热分解反应与相变吸热。通过与实验结果的对比,标定B/KNO_(3)点火药装药的热物性参数和反应动力学参数。研究结果表明:B/KNO_(3)点火药的指前因子为7.763×10^(13)s^(-1),活化能为2.0787×10^(5)J/mol;在点火药装药的烤燃过程中,随着升温速率的减小,点火延期时间逐渐增加,点火区域逐渐向中心移动,点火环境温度逐渐降低;在装药密度变化不太大的情况下,点火药的点火特征差别不大。

牛蒡子苷元调控Notch/Hes-1信号通路对口腔鳞状细胞癌HSC-3细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响

目的:探究牛蒡子苷元(ARC)通过调控Notch/Hes-1信号通路对口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)HSC-3细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法:使用不同质量浓度的ARC处理人HSC-3细胞,CCK-8法检测ARC对细胞增殖活力的影响,以选择适宜的药物浓度。将HSC-3细胞分为对照组、ARC-L组(10 mg/L ARC)、ARC-M组(20 mg/L ARC)、ARC-H组(40 mg/L ARC)和ARC-H+Jagged1/FC组(40 mg/L ARC+1.2μg/mL Jagged1/FC)。采用EdU法检测细胞增殖能力,划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验和流式细胞术分别检测细胞的迁移、侵袭能力及细胞周期和细胞凋亡率,WB法检测增殖(c-Myc、cyclin D1)、凋亡(BAX、Bcl-2、survivin)、EMT(E-cadherin、vimentin、Snail)及Notch/Hes-1通路(Notch 1、Hes-1、NICD)相关蛋白的表达水平。结果:与0 mg/L相比,10~80 mg/L的ARC均能显著降低HSC-3细胞增殖活力(均P<0.05)。与对照组相比,ARC-L组、ARC-M组和ARC-H组HSC-3细胞EdU阳性率、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数、S期和G2/M期细胞占比及c-Myc、cyclin D1、Bcl-2、survivin、vimentin、Snail、Notch 1、Hes-1和NICD蛋白表达均显著降低(均P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、G0/G1期细胞占比及BAX、E-cadherin的蛋白表达均显著升高(均P<0.05),且呈浓度梯度依赖性。同时使用Notch激动剂Jagged1/FC,则可部分逆转ARC对HSC-3细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡及相关蛋白表达的作用(均P<0.05)。结论:ARC可能通过抑制Notch/Hes-1信号通路抑制OSCC细胞HSC-3增殖和侵袭并促进细胞凋亡。

表面基团对Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)吸附NO性能影响的第一性原理研究

本工作基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,构建了Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)、Ti_(3)C_(2)O1.5(OH)0.5、Ti_(3)C_(2)O(OH)、Ti_(3)C_(2)O1.5F0.5和Ti_(3)C_(2)OF五种模型,从几何结构、电荷转移以及电子性质等方面研究了基团种类和比例对Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)吸附NO的影响。结果表明:相较于Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2),含低比例-OH和-F基团的Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)对NO的吸附能更大,电荷转移更弱,不利于其探测NO,与实验结果一致;但随着-OH和-F比例的提高,吸附能分别减小和增大,电荷转移分别增强和减弱,表明高比例的-OH有利于Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)探测NO,而高比例的-F是不利的;同时,在吸附NO后,Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)在费米能级附近的能带极值曲率变小,电子有效质量增大,表明-O基团有利于Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)探测NO。在几何弛豫过程中NO分子总是以N原子靠近衬底,吸附距离均较小,而且最近邻原子的电子轨道出现杂化,电子的聚集和消散位于两端,表明最近邻原子间成键较弱且偏离子性。此计算结果可以为Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)探测和屏蔽NO提供理论指导,同时为Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)的表面改性提供思路。