Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Misch Metal Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

The formation, thermal stability and mechanical properties of Misch metal （Mm）-based alloy bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） with composition of Mm55Al25Cu10Ni5Co5 were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis and compression test. The results indicate that the Mm-based BMGs exhibit a distinct glass transition and a wide supercooled liquid region Δ Tx（ 〉 60 K） before crystallization. The alloy can be fabricated into bulk glassy form of 3 mm in diameter by copper mold casting methods. Compared with the La55Al25Cu10 Ni5Co5 BMG, the Mm55Al25Cu10Ni5Co5 BMG shows higher compression fracture strength and lower cost. A new parameter γ and melting temperature Tl are closely correlated with the glass forming ability （GFA） of Mm-based alloys.

Crystallization Kinetics of Misch Metal Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

The crystallization kinetics of Mm55Al25Cu10Ni5Co5 bulk metallic glass （BMG） was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） in the mode of continuous heating or isothermal annealing. It was found that the apparent activation energy Eg, Ex and Ep of the BMG calculated by Kissinger＇s method were 189.58, 170.68 and 170.41 kJ·mol^-1, respectively, which was bigger than those of La55Al25Cu10Ni5Co5 BMG indicating that thermal stability of the former was higher than that of the latter. The local activation energy obtained using Ozawa equation decreased as crystallization proceeded except for the initial stage. The Avrami exponents were calculated to be in the range of 3.26 - 5.23 for different crystallization stages and isothermal temperatures. This implied that crystallization of Mm55Al25Cu10Ni5Co2 BMG was governed by diffusion-controlled three-dimensional growth with either reduced or increased nucleation rate, depending on isothermal temperature. Inconsistency of thermal stability with glass-forming ability for Mm（La）-Al-Cu-Ni-Co BMGs was discussed.

Influences of Misch Metal on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-10Li-4Al Alloy

Mg-10Li-4Al and Mg-10Li-4Al-0.6RE alloys were prepared with vacuum induction melting method. The influence of RE on microstructure and mechanical properties was studied with SEM, XRD and tensile tester. The results showed that, the addition of RE made the α(Mg) phase disappeared and caused the formation of Al3La phase. And it improved both the tensile strength and elongation percentage of alloys.

Investigation of the effects of misch metal in RS Al-Fe-V-Si-Mm nanocrystalline alloys by PAT

The positron lifetime spectra of severalAl_(93.3-x)Fe_(4.3)V_(0.7)Si_(1.7)Mm_x (x = 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, atom fraction) alloys with differentcontent of misch metal prepared by rapid solidification were measured, and the variations on theinterfacial defects with the content of misch metal were revealed by an analysis of the lifetimeresults. The interface characteristics derived from the lifetime results could be used to give asatisfactory interpretation of the dependence of mechanical properties on the content of mischmetal.

Effect of Ce-rich misch metal addition on squeeze cast microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ81 alloy

The effect of cerium-rich misch metal addition on the microstructure and properties of squeeze cast magnesium alloys AZ81 was empirically investigated.The results indicate that the addition of cerium-rich misch metal modifies the microstructure gradually.With the increase of the RE addition,the amount of Mg_(17)Al_(12) decreases while that of Al_(11)(RE)_3 increases,accompanied by grain refinement.When the addition reaches 1.5%,the grain refinement becomes obvious.However,when the addition exceeds 2.0%, Al_(11)(RE)_3 phase coarsens into rod shape and the grain size increases.The tensile properties of the AZ81 at both room temperature and 150℃increase with the addition,and reach their optimal values with the addition of 1.5%.Further increase of the addition to above 2.0%decreases the tensile properties considerably.The tensile fracture of the alloy is characterized by the cleavage of the brittle second phases and ductile dimples of the matrix.

Achievement of high performance of sintered R-Fe-B magnets based on misch metal doped with PrNd nanoparticles

The magnetic properties and microstructure of sintered R-Fe-B（R, rare earth） magnets with nominal composition of（（PrNd）（1-x）MMx）（30）Fe（bal）B1（x = 0, 0.1.0.2,0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.7; MM, misch metal） prepared using dual-alloy method were investigated. For x = 0.3, the maximum energy product（（BH）（max）） of the sintered magnet is higher than 318.4 kJ·m^-3,but intrinsic coercivity（H（cj）） is lower than 351.8 kA·m^-1. The La and Ce contents are obviously different in some matrix-phase grains, which proves that the multi-hard magnetic phases（La, Ce-rich and La, Ce-lean） exist in the magnets. The coercivity is improved by the method of doping PrNd nanoparticles without sacrificing other magnetic properties. An enhancement in coercivity from 517.2 to 872.9 kA·m^-1 is achieved by doping 5 wt% PrNd nanoparticles. Meanwhile, it could exhibit better magnetic properties（remanence Br = 1.332 T.intrinsic coercivity H（cj）= 872.9 kA·m^-1 maximum energy product（BH）（max）=318.6 kJ·m^-3） and make the distribution of the intergranular phase become more homogeneous.

Magnetic properties of misch-metal partially substituted Nd–Fe–B magnets sintered by dual alloy method

The misch-metal （MM） partially substituted Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets were fabricated by the dual alloy method, and the crystal structure, microstructure, and magnetic properties were analyzed comprehensively. X-ray diffraction （XRD） reveals that the increasing content of the MM has an inconsiderable effect on the crystallographic alignment of the magnets. Grains of the two main phases are uniformly distributed, and slightly deteriorate on the grain boundary. Due to the diffusion between the adjacent grains, the MM substituted Nd-Fe-B magnets contain three types of components with different Ce/La concentrations. Moreover, the first-order reversal curve （FORC） diagram is introduced to analyze the magnetization reversal process, coercivity mechanism, and distribution of reversal field in magnetic samples. The analysis indicates that there are two major reversal components, corresponding to the two different main phases. The domain nucleation and growth are determined to be the leading mechanism in controlling the magnetization reversal processes of the magnets sintered by the dual alloy method.

高矫顽力混合稀土永磁体的微结构与磁性能

利用高丰度混合稀土制备永磁材料不仅可以有效降低成本,同时可促进稀土资源的平衡利用。本研究采用晶界扩散工艺制备了高矫顽力混合稀土永磁体,研究了重稀土Tb对混合稀土永磁体磁性能及微结构的影响。研究发现,当晶界扩散热处理为880℃、8 h时,磁体表现出优异的磁性能,矫顽力由660.12 kA/m增长至1248.13 kA/m,并且磁体剩磁仍然保持在1.29 T。Tb元素的扩散使混合稀土扩散磁体的主相晶粒边缘形成了(Tb,RE)_(2)Fe_(14)B核壳结构,这不仅增强了主相晶粒边缘的磁晶各向异性场,而且阻断了晶粒之间的磁耦合作用,抑制了反向畴形核的长大,提高了磁体的矫顽力。

混合稀土对金银铜合金组织及硬度的影响

为研究混合稀土元素在金银铜合金内部的分布状态以及混合稀土元素的添加对金银铜合金硬度的影响,使用真空中频感应炉制备了Au-35Ag-5Cu、Au-35Ag-5Cu-1RE合金,并对铸态合金进行不同变形量的轧制加工,探讨了稀土元素的添加、变形量对合金组织及维氏硬度的影响。使用EDS进行了稀土元素分布检测、DSC分析固液相线温度并进行维氏硬度的测量等。结果表明,稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd占据了Au、Ag元素的位置,改变了AuAg两种元素的分布,与Cu固溶效果较好,对Cu元素分布没有显著影响。稀土元素的添加降低了Au-35Ag-5Cu的液相线温度和固相线温度,增大了液相线温度和固相线的温度差。混合稀土元素的添加有助于提高铸态及轧制态金银铜合金的耐磨性。

滞销镧铈/镧镨铈混合稀土金属在金属材料中的应用

综述了我国大量滞销的轻稀土资源LaCe/LaPrCe混合稀土金属作为添加剂在铝、镁、锌、铜、钢及其合金中的作用机理及其应用现状;重点阐述了用LaCe/LaPrCe代替富铈(LaCePrNd)混合稀土金属作镁合金主要成分,开发出高性能、低成本、新型耐热镁合金AE44(E=LaCe)研发工作应用进展;报导了LaCe/LaPrCe在镍氢电极负极材料应用及组装成氢镍电池的简况。旨在促进LaCe/LaPrCe混合稀土金属提升传统合金材料的综合性能、开发高性能的合金产品,为LaCe/LaPrCe混合稀土金属在金属材料领域的应用开拓一个广泛的市场,促进稀土的综合利用和平衡发展。

富铈混合稀土对ZA155高锌镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用常规铸造方法,向ZA155高锌镁合金熔体中加入适量富铈混合稀土获得了稀土合金化的高锌镁合金。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)/能量散射光谱(EDS)、硬度、冲击韧度以及拉伸性能测试等分析手段研究了混合稀土对高锌镁合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入混合稀土后形成高熔点、高热稳定性的针状稀土化合物相(Mg3Al4Zn2RE),改善晶界相的分布状态,阻止晶粒长大,细化结晶组织,提高常高温力学性能。当加入1.5%的混合稀土时,ZA155高锌镁合金室温抗拉强度达到峰值时为203 MPa,比变质前提高了21%,冲击韧度达到峰值时为4.50 J/cm2,比变质前提高了50%。

钇及混合稀土对AZ91镁合金时效析出的影响

在AZ91镁合金中添加稀土和钇之后,高熔点的铝稀土化合物和铝钇化合物在凝固过程中首先结晶析出,并成为基体相的形核中心,或者被推移到初生α相结晶前沿,阻碍α相的生长,使其铸态组织得到细化。这两种化合物以及沉淀相Mg17Al12一起成为基体滑移的障碍,使镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度得到提高;另一方面,这两种化合物的生成也消耗了大量的合金元素铝,削弱了时效硬化效果,并延缓了时效峰值的出现时间。

混合稀土贮氢合金 Mm_x(Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3)化学配比x对电化学性能的影响

研究了成分为Ｍｍｘ（Ｎｉ３．５５Ｃｏ０．７５Ｍｎ０．４Ａｌ０．３）的贮氢合金（０．８０≤ｘ≤１．２５，Ｍｍ为混合稀土金属元素Ｌａ，Ｎｄ，Ｐｒ）化学配比ｘ对其电化学性能的影响。在ｘ＝０．８０～０．９５范围内和电流密度为０．２Ａ／ｇ－１下，放电比容量随合金晶胞体积的增大而增加。在相对贫稀土的混合稀土合金中，由于形成了相对不稳定的氢化物相，因而具有较大的电催化活性以及较高的放电比容量，如ｘ＝０．８０，０．９０和０．９５的贮氢合金。采用适当化学配比ｘ的混合稀土贮氢合金，电化学性能可以得到很大改善，同时价格也较便宜，具有实用前景。

快凝Al-Fe-V-Si-Mm合金中稀土作用的正电子湮没研究

测量了几种不同混合稀土（Mm：MischMetal）含量的快凝Al－Fe－V－Si－Mm合金薄带的正电子寿命谱，并分析了这些快凝合金薄带中稀土含量对正电子寿命的影响．

稀土加入对Sr变质Al-13％Si合金共晶凝固的影响

采用热分析技术与组织观察研究了混合稀土(MM)加入对Sr变质Al-13%Si合金共晶凝固的影响。研究发现:少量MM(0.2%)加入导致Sr变质合金的显著形核温度(TN)、再辉前最低温度(TM)和共晶生长温度(TG)显著降低,进一步增加MM(0.5%,1.0%)加入量反而使得这些特征温度升高,与仅Sr变质合金的相近;当MM加入量为0.2%时,因共晶Si相在更低温度下生长,导致共晶Si相的进一步细化。大量MM加入后,共晶体在相对较高的温度下生长而导致共晶Si相的粗化。在Sr变质合金中加入少量的MM进一步消除了潜在的共晶体的形核基底,因而使TN值大大降低,但凝固模式并未发生显著的改变。大量MM的加入可能使得合金液中共晶体的外来形核核心数量激增,因而TN反而升高,在试样中部区域也出现了共晶体的大量独立形核区,显著改变了共晶凝固模式。

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Solidified Mg-Al-Zn-MM Alloys

Mg-Al-Zn-M M （misch metal） alloy powders were manufactured by inert gas atomization and the characteristics of alloy powders were investigated.In spite of the low fluidity and easy oxidation of the magnesium melt,the spherical powder was made successfully with the improved three piece nozzle systems of gas atomization unit. It was found that most of the solidified powders with particles size of less than 50μm in diameter were single crystal and the solidification structure of rapidly solidified powders showed a typical dendritic morphology because of supercooling prior to nucleation.The spacing of secondary denrite arms was deceasing as the size of powders was decreasing.The rapidly solidified powders were consolidated by vacuum hot extrusion and the effects of misch metal addition to AZ91 on mechanical properties of extruded bars were also examined.During extrusion of the rapidly solidified powders,their dendritic structure was broken into fragments and remained as grains of about 3μm in size.The Mg-Al-Ce intermetallic compounds formed in the interdendritic regions of powders were finely broken,too.The tensile strength and ductility obtained in as-extruded Mg-9 wt pct Al-1 wt pct Zn-3 wt pct MM alloy wereσ-（T.S.） =383 MPa andε=10.6%,respectively.All of these improvements on mechanical properties were resulted from the refined microstructure and second-phase dispersions.

两种稀土基大块非晶合金非等温晶化行为的研究

以不同加热速率下的DSC曲线数据为基础,利用Kissinger及Deloy激活能计算方法研究了Mm55Al25Cu10Ni5Co5与La55Al25Cu10Ni5Co5大块非晶合金的非等温晶化动力学。结果表明:两非晶合金的玻璃转变温度(Tg)、晶化初始温度(Tx)和晶化峰值温度(Tp)都随着加热速率的增加而增加,具有明显的动力学效应;阶段激活能随晶化体积分数的增加,先迅速增加,达到最大值后缓慢下降,为典型的形核及长大机制且形核瞬间完成,晶化以生长为主。Mm55Al25Cu10Ni5Co5非晶合金的玻璃转变激活能、形核激活能和长大激活能以及晶化初期激活能和最大激活能都相应大于La55Al25Cu10Ni5Co5表明前者比后者具有更高的热稳定性。

贮氢合金组成对电极性能的影响

本文研究了混合稀土MmBx贮氢合金B组分的钴含量和Mm(Ni_(0.70)Co_(0.16)Mn_(0.08)Al_(0.06))_x的配比数x对P-C-T曲线平衡氢压、放电容量和电池的循环使用寿命的影响。

急冷Al－Fe－V－Si－Mm合金的穆斯堡尔谱研究

利用穆斯堡尔谱和Ｘ射线衍射研究了４种Ａｌ－Ｆｅ－Ｖ－Ｓｉ－Ｍｍ合金的Ｆｅ原子组态。结果表明，添加混合稀土元素后抑制了基体合金Ａｌ－Ｆｅ－Ｖ－Ｓｉ中α－Ａｌ１３（Ｆｅ，Ｖ）３Ｓｉ弥散粒子相的析出；当稀土含量高达６ａｔ％时，形成Ａｌ－Ｆｅ－Ｖ－Ｓｉ－Ｍｍ非晶态，采用Ｖｏｉｇｔ基函数作了穆斯堡尔谱的合理拟合和分析。

混合稀土基大块非晶合金的制备及力学性能

用铜模铸造法成功制备出直径为3 mm以混合稀土金属Mm(Mischmetal)为基的成本较低的Mm55Al25Ni10Cu5Co5大块非晶合金。利用XRD和DSC等手段对该合金的形成能力及热稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,该合金具有很好的非晶形成能力及热稳定性(明显的玻璃转变温度Tg、宽的过冷液相区ΔTx(=Tx-Tg)>60 K及高的约化玻璃转变温度Trg(=Tg/Tm)>0.67).同时,该合金的压缩断裂强度(σf)为676 MPa,比La55 Al25Ni10Cu5Co5大块非晶提高94 MPa.