In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release f...In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release from stress-induced dysfunctional central nervous system mitochondria into peripheral circulation. This evidence supports the potential use of peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein, we critically review the neuroinflammation theory in major depressive disorder, providing compelling evidence that mitochondrial DNA release acts as a critical biological substrate, and that it constitutes the neuroinflammatory disease pathway. After its release, mitochondrial DNA can be carried in the exosomes and transported to extracellular spaces in the central nervous system and peripheral circulation. Detectable exosomes render encaged mitochondrial DNA relatively stable. This mitochondrial DNA in peripheral circulation can thus be directly detected in clinical practice. These characteristics illustrate the potential for mitochondrial DNA to serve as an innovative clinical biomarker and molecular treatment target for major depressive disorder. This review also highlights the future potential value of clinical applications combining mitochondrial DNA with a panel of other biomarkers, to improve diagnostic precision in major depressive disorder.展开更多
柳树具观赏、生物修复、生物能源等多种功能,对其开展DNA条形码评估在种质资源保护和利用方面具有非常重要的应用价值。通过对柳树样品进行ITS、ITS2、matK、rbcL和rpoC1片段扩增和测序,结合GenBank数据,共获得柳树22个种,63份样品共计...柳树具观赏、生物修复、生物能源等多种功能,对其开展DNA条形码评估在种质资源保护和利用方面具有非常重要的应用价值。通过对柳树样品进行ITS、ITS2、matK、rbcL和rpoC1片段扩增和测序,结合GenBank数据,共获得柳树22个种,63份样品共计396条序列。比较了5个DNA片段的通用性、序列特征、种内和种间变异,并基于Best Match(BM)、Best Close Match(BCM)、BLAST及Neighbor Joining(NJ)4种方法评估DNA条形码在柳树中的鉴定能力。结果表明,5个DNA条形码中,ITS在柳树种扩增效率和测序成功率高,种内和种间遗传变异明显,鉴定效率最高,建议作为首选的单位点DNA条形码;3个条形码组合中,ITS+ITS2+rbcL鉴定成功率最高,为78.16%,4个DNA条形码组合中,ITS+ITS2+matK+rbcL物种鉴别成功率最高,为88.28%,建议ITS+ITS2+matK+rbcL作为柳树分子鉴定最优条形码组合。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81971269 (to DP)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai,No.YDZX20213100001003 (to DP)。
文摘In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release from stress-induced dysfunctional central nervous system mitochondria into peripheral circulation. This evidence supports the potential use of peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein, we critically review the neuroinflammation theory in major depressive disorder, providing compelling evidence that mitochondrial DNA release acts as a critical biological substrate, and that it constitutes the neuroinflammatory disease pathway. After its release, mitochondrial DNA can be carried in the exosomes and transported to extracellular spaces in the central nervous system and peripheral circulation. Detectable exosomes render encaged mitochondrial DNA relatively stable. This mitochondrial DNA in peripheral circulation can thus be directly detected in clinical practice. These characteristics illustrate the potential for mitochondrial DNA to serve as an innovative clinical biomarker and molecular treatment target for major depressive disorder. This review also highlights the future potential value of clinical applications combining mitochondrial DNA with a panel of other biomarkers, to improve diagnostic precision in major depressive disorder.
文摘柳树具观赏、生物修复、生物能源等多种功能,对其开展DNA条形码评估在种质资源保护和利用方面具有非常重要的应用价值。通过对柳树样品进行ITS、ITS2、matK、rbcL和rpoC1片段扩增和测序,结合GenBank数据,共获得柳树22个种,63份样品共计396条序列。比较了5个DNA片段的通用性、序列特征、种内和种间变异,并基于Best Match(BM)、Best Close Match(BCM)、BLAST及Neighbor Joining(NJ)4种方法评估DNA条形码在柳树中的鉴定能力。结果表明,5个DNA条形码中,ITS在柳树种扩增效率和测序成功率高,种内和种间遗传变异明显,鉴定效率最高,建议作为首选的单位点DNA条形码;3个条形码组合中,ITS+ITS2+rbcL鉴定成功率最高,为78.16%,4个DNA条形码组合中,ITS+ITS2+matK+rbcL物种鉴别成功率最高,为88.28%,建议ITS+ITS2+matK+rbcL作为柳树分子鉴定最优条形码组合。
