A case of post traumatic mitral chordae rupture mimicking acute respiratory distress syndrome

Traumatic mitral chordae rupture is a rare and known cause of acute mitral valve regurgitation and de novo heart failure.Concomitant pathologies in a trauma patient may mask the findings of de novo heart failure due to mitral chordae rupture.Trauma patients may also have other potential pre-diagnoses that could explain symptoms related to heart failure,such as tachycardia,circulatory shock,and acute hypoxemia.The possibility of traumatic chordae tendinea rupture being a preventable cause of mortality should be carefully evaluated.

Prognostic Role of Preoperative Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) in Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR) for Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis Patients

Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion has been proposed as a simple and reproducible parameter for quantitative assessment of the right ventricular ejection fraction. The prognostic importance of preoperative TAPSE in patients with mitral valve replacement for rheumatic mitral stenosis patients is still under focused. Therefore, the objective of the study was to predict the outcome after MVR in rheumatic mitral stenosis patients in relation to preoperative TAPSE. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute. A total of 72 patients of rheumatic mitral stenosis patients who underwent mitral valve replacement were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: Group A and B. Group A included 36 patients with TAPSE 0.05) except for the preoperative TAPSE. Mean TAPSE of Group A was 13.17 (±1.40) and Group B was 18.61 (±1.57), the difference was statistically significant (p 0.05). Among the postoperative complications, including postoperative atrial fibrillation was higher in Group A (30.56%) than Group B (11.11%), mean ventilation time was higher in Group A (27.78%) than Group B (5.56%), length of intensive care was higher in Group A (33.33%) than Group B (11.12%), and hospital stay was higher in Group A (25.0%) than Group B (5.56%), (p < 0.05). Higher preoperative TASPE could be used as a prognostic tool for MVR in rheumatic mitral stenosis patients in our settings.

Evaluation of mitral chordae tendineae length using four-dimensional computed

BACKGROUND Mitral valvuloplasty using artificial chordae tendineae represents an effective surgical approach for treating mitral regurgitation.Achieving precise measurements of artificial chordae tendineae length(CL)is an important factor in the procedure;however,no objective index currently exists to facilitate this measurement.Therefore,preoperative assessment of CL is critical for surgical planning and support.Four-dimensional x-ray micro-computed tomography(4D-CT)may be useful for accurate CL measurement considering that it allows for dynamic three-dimensional(3D)evaluation compared to that with transthoracic echocardiography,a conventional inspection method.AIM To investigate the behavior and length of mitral chordae tendineae during systole using 4D-CT.METHODS Eleven adults aged>70 years without mitral valve disease were evaluated.A 64-slice CT scanner was used to capture 20 phases in the cardiac cycle in electrocardiographic synchronization.The length of the primary chordae tendineae was measured from early systole to early diastole using the 3D image.The primary chordae tendineae originating from the anterior papillary muscle and attached to the A1-2 region and those from the posterior papillary muscle and attached to the A2-3 region were designated as cA and cP,respectively.The behavior and maximum lengths[cA(ma),cP(max)]were compared,and the correlation with body surface area(BSA)was evaluated.RESULTS In all cases,the mitral anterior leaflet chordae tendineae could be measured.In most cases,the cA and cP chordae tendineae could be measured visually.The mean cA(max)and cP(max)were 20.2 mm±1.95 mm and 23.5 mm±4.06 mm,respectively.cP(max)was significantly longer.The correlation coefficients(r)with BSA were 0.60 and 0.78 for cA(max)and cP(max),respectively.Both cA and cP exhibited constant variation in CL during systole,with a maximum 1.16-fold increase in cA and a 1.23-fold increase in cP from early to mid-systole.For cP,CL reached a plateau at 15%and remained elongated until end-systole,whereas for cA,after peaking at 15%,CL shortened slightly and then moved toward its peak again as end-systole approached.CONCLUSION The study suggests that 4D-CT is a valuable tool for accurate measurement of both the length and behavior of chordae tendineae within the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve.

Unroofed coronary sinus,left-sided superior vena cava and mitral insufficiency:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Unroofed coronary sinus(UCS)is a rare subtype of atrial septal defect.It is frequently associated with a persistent left superior vena cava and is often part of a more intricate cardiac malformation.CASE SUMMARY This report describes a rare case of an adolescent patient with UCS featuring atrial situs solitus,absence of the right superior vena cava and a persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium consistent with total unroofing of the coronary sinus.This was associated with concurrent severe mitral insufficiency secondary to redundant and prolapsing leaflets,and a substantial left-to-right shunt across the coronary sinus orifice.A comprehensive examination of the existing literature is included,shedding light on the diagnostic challenges of UCS and describing the available surgical options within the context of mitral valve surgery.CONCLUSION UCS is a complex condition requiring careful consideration of associated anomalies and a tailored surgical approach.

In-Hospital Outcomes in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: First Results in a Brazilian Single Center

Introduction: Treatments for cardiovascular diseases have increasingly evolved with the tendency to offer minimally invasive or transcatheter procedures instead of conventional sternotomy surgery. In this context, we highlight minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS), which has been shown to be an increasingly solid option with some superior results when compared to the conventional technique: better pain control, shorter hospital stays, shorter recovery time, shorter readmission rate in the first postoperative year, better aesthetic results, and lower overall cost. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the stages of MIMVS, by primary mitral valve consultation, in our service and compare these results with data from the literature. Methods: All electronic medical records of patients who underwent MIMVS for primary mitral valve injury in the Encore Hospital from January 2020 to February 2023 were analyzed. Tabulation and statistical analysis were performed using the Microsoft Excel® program. Quantitative variables were presented as means, standard deviations. Results: 46 patients were enrolled in our study (Age: 59.1 ± 12.4 years old;60.8% Female, BMI: 26 ± 4.4 Kg/m2, Low risk STS score: 82.6%). The observed 30-day mortality was 2.1%, plastic rate of 23.9%, blood transfusion rate of 41.3%, length of stay in an intensive care bed (ICB) of 3.3 ± 3.3 days and hospital stay of 6.4 ± 5.1 days. Conclusions: We noticed that the MIMVS results carried out in our service agree with data from national and international literature with approximately 1.3 days more hospitalization in ICB.

Development and validation of a score predicting mortality for older patients with mitral regurgitation

OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a user-friendly risk score for older mitral regurgitation(MR)patients,referred to as the Elder-MR score.METHODS The China Senile Valvular Heart Disease(China-DVD)Cohort Study functioned as the development cohort,while the China Valvular Heart Disease(China-VHD)Study was employed for external validation.We included patients aged 60 years and above receiving medical treatment for moderate or severe MR(2274 patients in the development cohort and 1929 patients in the validation cohort).Candidate predictors were chosen using Cox’s proportional hazards model and stepwise selection with Akaike’s information criterion.RESULTS Eight predictors were identified:age≥75 years,body mass index<20 kg/m^(2),NYHA class Ⅲ/Ⅳ,secondary MR,anemia,estimated glomerular filtration rate<60 mL/min per 1.73 m^(2),albumin<35 g/L,and left ventricular ejection fraction<60%.The model displayed satisfactory performance in predicting one-year mortality in both the development cohort(C-statistic=0.73,95%CI:0.69-0.77,Brier score=0.06)and the validation cohort(C-statistic=0.73,95%CI:0.68-0.78,Brier score=0.06).The Elder-MR score ranges from 0 to 15 points.At a one-year follow-up,each point increase in the Elder-MR score represents a 1.27-fold risk of death(HR=1.27,95%CI:1.21-1.34,P<0.001)in the development cohort and a 1.24-fold risk of death(HR=1.24,95%CI:1.17-1.30,P<0.001)in the validation cohort.Compared to EuroSCORE II,the Elder-MR score demonstrated superior predictive accuracy for one-year mortality in the validation cohort(C-statistic=0.71 vs.0.70,net reclassification improvement=0.320,P<0.01;integrated discrimination improvement=0.029,P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS The Elder-MR score may serve as an effective risk stratification tool to assist clinical decision-making in older MR patients.

The impact of aging on cardiac remodeling in chronic mitral regurgitation

BACKGROUND Chronic mitral regurgitation(MR)is a volume overload state that causes dilatation of the left sided cardiac chambers.The presence of significant dilatation is considered an indication for mitral valve intervention,however,aging may affect left ventricular(LV)remodeling independently of valvular disease.The objective of this study was to examine age-related changes in cardiac remodeling in a broad population of patients with chronic MR.METHODS Consecutive subjects that underwent echocardiography examinations recorded in the echocardiography database of a university-affiliated laboratory were retrieved.Subjects were categorized into none/mild,moderate or severe MR.For purposes of analysis of differences with aging,the population was divided into groups above and below 70 years of age and standard echocardiographic measurements were compared between the groups.RESULTS A total of 3492 subjects with at least moderate MR(mean age:76 years,52%female)were included in the study and compared to 18,250 subjects with none or mild MR.Older patients had significantly smaller LV end-diastolic diameters and volumes and significantly larger left atrial(LA)volumes when compared to the younger group.LA volume index increased in both age groups as MR severity increased,while LV end-diastolic volume increased with increasing MR only in the younger population.CONCLUSIONS Cardiac remodeling in chronic MR is significantly influenced by age.Guideline based recommendations of timing of mitral valve interventions in asymptomatic MR patients,based on assessment of LA and LV remodeling,may need to take age into account.

二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全的效果评价

目的 评价二尖瓣成形术(MVP)治疗二尖瓣关闭不全(MI)的效果。方法 选取2019年2月至2021年2月因二尖瓣中重度反流在广东省江门市中心医院施行瓣膜手术的患者90例,将其中行二尖瓣置换术(MVR)患者44例设为对照组,将行MVP的患者46例设为观察组。对比2组手术施行情况指标、术后心脏超声参数指标[左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)]、术后病情转归指标以及随访期间手术疗效,记录2组术后2年内不良心脏事件发生情况。结果 观察组手术时间、体外循环时间、关胸时间、呼吸机使用时间、重症监护病房住院时间、拔管时间短于对照组,术中出血量、术后引流量少于对照组,术后LAD、LVEDD小于对照组,LVEF高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组术后1、2年二尖瓣反流量>3 ml的患者比例低于对照组[4.3%(2/46)比20.5%(9/44)、6.5%(3/46)比22.7%(10/44)],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组术后2年内不良心脏事件发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 MVP治疗MI效果优良,能降低手术创伤与风险,改善心功能,促进病情尽早恢复,且并发症少。

Mitral Valve Abnormalities during Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Study on a Cohort in Dakar

INTRODUCTION: Mitral valve abnormalities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are becoming increasingly well defined, and their role in intra-ventricular obstruction is well defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate mitral valve abnormalities in patients with HCM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study from May 1 to July 1, 2022 in the Cardiology Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. All patients with HCM aged at least 18 years old were included. The parameters studied concerned mainly the mitral valvular apparatus (papillary muscles abnormalities, leaflet length, mitral insufficiency). RESULTS: A total of 10 patients were included. Mean age was 58.3. On Doppler echocardiography, mean interventricular septal thickness was 20.6 mm. The mean maximum intra-ventricular gradient was 21.06 mmHg. Two patients had significant intraventricular obstruction. The mean length of the anterior mitral valve leaflet was 28.7 ± 3.55 mm, with extremes of 22 and 33 mm. The posterior mitral leaflet averaged 14.8 ± 3.16 mm. Nine (9) out of 10 patients had an elongated anterior valve leaflet. Elongation of the posterior leaflet was noted in 6 patients. With regard to papillary muscle position, 6 patients had an anterolateral ascending pillary muscle. These patients had a mean intra-ventricular gradient of 25 mmHg, compared with 16.5 mmHg in the others cases. We found no direct insertion on the mitral valve. Mitral insufficiency was noted in 9 patients, including 5 with mild insufficiency and 4 with moderate one. CONCLUSION: Mitral valve abnormalities in HCM appear to be frequent. They should be analyzed for a better diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Importance of concomitant functional mitral regurgitation on survival in severe aortic stenosis patients undergoing aortic valve replacement

BACKGROUND Mitral regurgitation(MR)is commonly seen in patients with severe aortic stenosis(AS)undergoing aortic valve replacement(AVR).But the long-term implications of MR in AS are unknown.AIM To investigate MR’s impact on survival of patients undergoing surgical AVR for severe AS.METHODS Of the 740 consecutive patients with severe AS evaluated between 1993 and 2003,287 underwent AVR forming the study cohort.They were followed up to death or till the end of 2019.Chart reviews were performed for clinical,echocardiographic,and therapeutic data.MR was graded on a 1-4 scale.Mortality data was obtained from chart review and the Social Security Death Index.Survival was analyzed as a function of degree of MR.RESULTS The mean age of the severe AS patients who had AVR(n=287)was 72±13 years,46%women.Over up to 26 years of follow up,there were 201(70%)deaths,giving deep insights into the determinants of survival of severe AS who had AVR.The 5,10 and 20 years survival rates were 75%,45%and 25%respectively.Presence of MR was associated with higher mortality in a graded fashion(P=0.0003).MR was significantly associated with lower left ventricular(LV)ejection fraction and larger LV size.Impact of MR on mortality was partially mediated through lower LV ejection fraction and larger LV size.By Cox regression,MR,lower ejection fraction(EF)and larger LV end-systolic dimension were independent predictors of higher mortality(χ^(2)=33.2).CONCLUSION Presence of greater than 2+MR in patients with severe AS is independently associated with reduced survival in surgically managed patients,an effect incremental to reduced EF and larger LV size.We suggest that aortic valve intervention should be considered in severe AS patients when>2+MR occurs irrespective of EF or symptoms.

Anatomic Correlates of Mitral Systolic Anterior Motion in Transposition of the Great Arteries Following Atrial Switch Operation

Introduction:We sought to investigate whether the development of sub-pulmonic systolic anterior motion(SAM)may be inherent to the anatomy of the the mitral valve(MV)or affected by external factors,such as a dilated right ventricle or chest abnormalities in d-looped transposition of the great arteries post atrial switch operation(d-TGA/AtS).Methods:Analysis was performed of clinical and cardiac imaging studies acquired on 19 adult patients with d-TGA/AtS(age 42±6 years old,56%male)between 2015–2019.Echocardiography data included mitral apparatus anatomy,and CT/MRI data included biventricular dimensions,function,and Haller index(HI)for pectus deformity.Results:Patients with leaflet SAM(n=6)compared to patients without SAM(n=13)had higher MV protrusion height(2.3±0.5 vs.1.5±0.4 cm,p≤0.01)and longer anterior MV leaflet length(3.1±0.4 cm vs.2.6±0.3 cm p≤0.05),when compared to those without.CT/MRI showed higher sub-pulmonic left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)in the SAM group(71%±8%vs.54%±7%,respectively).RV size and function,significant chest deformity(HI>3.5),presence of a ventricular lead pacemaker,and septal thickness did not play a role in development of SAM.Conclusions:An elongated mitral apparatus is associated with the development of SAM,and the development of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction(LVOTO),in d-TGA/AtS.LV hyperkinesia is associated with SAM.Systemic RV dimensions,septal thickness,and degree of chest deformity did not differ significantly between subjects with SAM and those without.

Primary Left Atrial Intimal Sarcoma Disguised as Functional Mitral Stenosis: A Case Study

A 66-year-old female with a 1-month history of increasing fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and palpitations presented with clinical signs of heart failure. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a large, mobile left atrial (LA) mass attached to the mitral valve causing severe mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation. The mass was surgically debulked and the mitral valve was replaced. Pathology revealed a poorly differentiated malignant spindle cell neoplasm with diffuse nuclear positivity of MDM2 and multifocal positivity of CDK4, consistent with intimal sarcoma. This case seeks to describe an uncommon presentation of a rare malignancy, and the surgical and medical management of the disease.

胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换同期行三尖瓣成形术的疗效分析

目的 探讨胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换术(MVR)同期行三尖瓣成形术(TVP)的疗效。方法 选取2020年5月至2022年5月汕头市中心医院收治的接受胸腔镜下MVR+TVP的患者102例进行回顾性研究。收集患者的临床资料,所有患者均确诊为中-重度风湿性二尖瓣病变,且合并中度及以上的三尖瓣反流(TR),入院后完善常规检查,行MVR+TVP。记录两组患者的手术时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机辅助时间、术后24 h胸腔引流量、术后住院时间及并发症发生情况;比较手术前后的左心室前后径、左室射血分数(LVEF)、右室舒张末径(RVEDD)、右心房内径(RA)、肺动脉压力。术后随访1年,根据患者病情是否复发,分成复发组(n=20)、非复发组(n=82),比较两组临床资料,经多因素Logistic回归模型分析患者术后病情复发的独立危险因素。结果 患者平均手术时间为(258.54±20.06)min,主动脉阻断时间为(140.66±13.58)min,体外循环时间为(215.65±20.67) min,呼吸机辅助时间为(22.06±1.39) h,术后24 h胸腔引流量为(220.74±10.93) mL,术后住院时间为(8.76±1.05) d。102例患者并发症发生率为15.69%。患者术后1周的左心室前后径、RVEDD、RA、肺动脉压力分别为(43.69±4.87) mm、(61.35±5.19)%、(29.52±3.69) mm、(31.25±5.40) mm、(25.98±4.27) mmHg,术后6个月的分别为(44.13±4.91) mm、(60.87±4.73)%、(30.04±4.10) mm、(31.69±5.37) mm、(25.13±6.48) mmHg,均低于术前[(50.87±6.35) mm、(61.47±4.92)%、(36.94±4.51) mm、(42.19±6.72) mm、(48.52±7.84) mmHg],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示,术前重度TR、术后6个月肺动脉压力增高是患者胸腔镜下MVR+TVP术后病情复发的危险因素,人工瓣环成形术是预防病情复发的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 胸腔镜下MVR+TVP能改善中-重度风湿性二尖瓣病变合并中度及以上TR患者的心功能与肺动脉压力,未引起严重并发症,安全性高,但患者术后病情复发仍受术前TR程度、术后肺动脉压力变化、三尖瓣成形术方式的影响。

保留二尖瓣瓣下结构二尖瓣膜置换手术对心功能、瓣膜功能的影响及并发症

目的探讨保留二尖瓣瓣下结构二尖瓣膜置换手术对心功能、瓣膜功能及并发症的影响。方法选取2019年8月至2022年7月在苏州大学附属第一医院行保留二尖瓣瓣下结构二尖瓣膜置换手术患者84例作为观察组,同时选取同期未保留二尖瓣瓣下结构二尖瓣膜置换手术患者68例作为对照组,比较两组手术指标和并发症,以及手术前后心功能指标、二尖瓣口血流动力学参数。结果观察组和对照组手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、术后机械通气时间、ICU滞留时间和术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后1、3和6个月时左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)明显低于对照组(P<0.05),左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组和对照组术后1、3和6个月时左室射血分数(LVEF)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组和对照组术后1、3和6个月时二尖瓣口峰值流速(Vmax)、最大跨瓣压差(PGmax)和平均跨瓣压差(PGmean)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组和对照组术后1、3和6个月时肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和N末端前体脑利钠肽(NT-proBNP)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组和对照组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论保留二尖瓣瓣下结构二尖瓣膜置换手术有助于心脏结构保护、改善患者心功能,同时与不保留二尖瓣瓣下结构手术相比,二尖瓣口血流参数及并发症无明显差异。

国产第三代磁悬浮左心室辅助装置植入同期行二尖瓣成形术的初步评价

目的:探讨国产第三代磁悬浮Corheart 6左心室辅助装置(LVAD)植入同期行二尖瓣成形术(MVP)的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性分析2021年10月至2023年3月于郑州大学华中阜外医院接受Corheart 6 LVAD植入同期行MVP的终末期心力衰竭患者13例。收集院内、随访时的死亡及并发症事件,观察患者的心肌损伤、肾功能、血液动力学和超声心动图指标变化。结果:13例患者围术期无死亡、无MVP相关并发症。平均随访(14.2±5.6)个月期间,11例(84.6%)完成随访,2例分别因新型冠状病毒肺炎、心脏骤停死亡,无中重度二尖瓣反流复发。与术前相比,患者术后24 h、72 h心输出量升高,中心静脉压、肺动脉收缩压(PASP)、平均肺动脉压(PAMP)降低,术后1周高敏心肌肌钙蛋白T升高,估算肾小球滤过率降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.010)。超声心动图检查显示,与术前相比,术后1、6个月左心室射血分数虽升高,但差异无统计学意义(P均>0.017),而左心室舒张末期内径、PASP、PAMP降低差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.010)。结论:国产第三代磁悬浮Corheart 6 LVAD植入同期行MVP安全、可行,术后近中期无中重度二尖瓣反流复发,肺动脉压显著降低,血液动力学显著改善。

急性缺血性二尖瓣反流的缘对缘治疗

急性缺血性二尖瓣反流(AIMR)是一种严重危及生命的心血管疾病,常常由急性心肌梗死引起二尖瓣腱索或乳头肌断裂或室壁运动异常导致二尖瓣瓣叶栓系引起。其症状包括呼吸急促、心悸和肺水肿、心原性休克等,治疗极具挑战性,传统的治疗方法包括药物治疗和外科手术干预,但药物治疗对部分患者效果不佳,而外科手术干预对部分患者风险较高而无法实施。随着介入心脏病学的进步,经导管二尖瓣缘对缘修复(TEER)对慢性二尖瓣反流患者的治疗进行了诸多的探索,在缓解症状和提高生活质量方面有很大获益。TEER为AIMR提供了一种全新的选择。本综述将深入探讨TEER在治疗AIMR中的手术策略、器械选择、临床探索以及其面临的挑战与前景。

人工腱索在二尖瓣关闭不全后叶成形术中的应用及近中期疗效

目的了解人工腱索在二尖瓣关闭不全后叶病变中应用的可行性及近中期临床效果。方法选取在河北医科大学第二医院心脏外科,诊断二尖瓣脱垂伴关闭不全接受二尖瓣成形治疗的患者99例,其中单纯前叶脱垂41例,单纯后叶脱垂44例,前后叶均脱垂4例,交界脱垂10例。针对48例存在后叶脱垂的患者采用人工腱索的方法纠正二尖瓣后叶关闭不全。结果接受应用人工腱索纠正瓣膜后叶关闭不全的48例患者,随访13~81个月,平均(40.60±15.57)个月,术后1年因二尖瓣病变再次接受手术者0例,术后2年接受再次手术者共2例,术后5年接受再次手术者共2例,占全部后叶成型患者的4.2%。术后患者左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末径、二尖瓣血液返流面积以及心脏功能均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访数据显示术后6个月~1年这些指标改善更加明显。二尖瓣血液返流面积,随时间的延长,有逐渐增加的趋势,但目前资料尚未显示差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后二尖瓣口血液流速、左心室流出道血液流速,以及二尖瓣瓣口面积均在正常值范围,未出现二尖瓣口狭窄。结论应用人工腱索治疗二尖瓣后叶脱垂是有效的,临床可以取得可靠的疗效。

百花齐放,促进中国二尖瓣介入治疗事业蓬勃发展

二尖瓣反流(mitral regurgitation,MR)是最常见的瓣膜疾病之一,其发病率随着年龄增长而增高,75岁以上人群发病率高达10%以上[1-2]。高龄重症二尖瓣反流是临床治疗的难点,患者往往因心功能低下、合并症多、高龄等因素无法耐受外科手术,经导管二尖瓣介入治疗凭借其创伤小的优势为这些患者提供了新的治疗选择。

右心室功能障碍预测原发性二尖瓣反流经导管二尖瓣修复术后疗效的临床价值

目的:探讨右心室功能障碍(right ventricular dysfunction,RVD)预测原发性二尖瓣反流(mitral regurgitation,MR)经导管二尖瓣修复术(transcatheter mitral valve repair,TMVR)后疗效的临床价值。方法:选取2019年3月至2021年5月在我院就诊的60例症状性MR患者作为研究对象,根据CMR中右心室射血分数(right ventricular ejection fraction,RVEF)是否低于45%,分为MR+RVD组(n=25)及单纯MR组(n=35)。探讨RVD对预测MR患者术后死亡和再入院的价值。结果:16例患者(26.7%)显示右心室扩张。随访期间,14例患者全因死亡(23.3%),20例(33.3%)患者因心力衰竭等原因再次入院。根据受试者工作特征曲线,RVEF预测死亡和再入院的最佳截断值分别为34.6%和44.9%。MR患者中左右心室舒收缩期容积指数、左右心室每搏量指数、LVEF与REVF均呈正相关性(r=0.420、0.490、0.447,P<0.05)。RVEF与肺动脉收缩压呈负相关(r=-0.292,P=0.028)。Cox模型结果显示调整左心室参数后,RVD也可预测再入院风险和全因死亡风险(P<0.05)。与单纯MR组患者相比,MR+RVD组患者的再入院时间和全因死亡时间缩短(P<0.05)。结论:即使在有效的TMVR之后,术前RVD也与不良预后相关。同时出现RVD、右心室扩张和肺动脉高压的患者队列显示出更高的全因死亡率。

应用ADOⅡ封堵器经皮介入治疗低位卵圆孔未闭1例

低位卵圆孔未闭(PFO)是指PFO封堵术中PFO开口位置偏低,其左心房面开口距离二尖瓣房间隔侧根部距离小于9 mm的一种少见类型PFO。对于低位PFO目前临床上常用的双盘式PFO封堵器其最小型号(18 mm/18 mm)放置后封堵器边缘也会触碰到二尖瓣,导致二尖瓣反流或瓣叶磨蚀风险增加,一般术中遇到此情况只能放弃封堵。本病例报道采用Amplatzer ADOⅡ封堵器介入封堵低位PFO的成功病例,为这种少见类型PFO的介入封堵提供了新的思路和策略。