Time-Domain Protection for Transmission Lines Connected to Wind Power Plant based on Model Matching and Hausdorff Distance

The system impedance instability,high-order harmonics,and frequency offset are main fault characteristics of wind power system.Moreover,the measurement angle of faulty phase is affected by rotation speed frequency component,which causes traditional directional protections based on angle comparison between voltage and current to operate incorrectly.In this paper,a time-domain protection for connected to wind power plant based on model matching is proposed,which compares the calculated current and the measured current to identify internal faults and external faults.Under external faults,the calculated current and measured current waveform are quite similar because the protected transmission lines is equivalent to a lumped parameter model and the model itself is not damaged.However,the similarity of calculated current and measured current is quite low,due to destroyed integrity of model under internal faults.Additionally,Hausdorff distance is introduced to obtain the similarity of the calculated current and measured current.Since the proposed protection scheme is applied in time domain,it is independent from current frequency offsets of wind energy system,high-order harmonics,and system impedance variations.Comprehensive case studies are undertaken through Power Systems Computer Aided Design(PSCAD),while simulation results verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach in fault identification.

PARAMETRIC MATCHING SELECTION OF MULTI-MEDIUM COUPLING SHOCK ABSORBER

To achieve the dual demand of resisting violent impact and attenuating vibration in vibration-impact-safety of protection for precision equipment such as MEMS packaging system, a theo- retical mathematical model of multi-medium coupling shock absorber is presented. The coupling of quadratic damping, linear damping, Coulomb damping and nonlinear spring are considered in the model. The approximate theoretical calculating formulae are deduced by introducing transformation-tactics. The contrasts between the analytical results and numerical integration results are developed. The resisting impact characteristics of the model are also analyzed in progress. In the meantime, the optimum model of the parameters matching selection for design of the shock absorber is built. The example design is illustrated to confirm the validity of the modeling method and the theoretical solution.

Four new orientation relationships of Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase with magnesium matrix in Mg-8Al-0.5Zn alloys

Although the non-basal precipitates, those not parallel to the basal plane, are more effective to block basal slip in Mg-Al alloys, the crystallographic orientation relationship(OR) between these precipitates and the α-Mg matrix has not been well established. In this work, the crystallography of the non-basal Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitates in AZ80 alloy was systematically investigated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). By tilting to a suitable electron beam direction, different kinds of non-basal precipitates were recognized in TEM, and the following four new ORs between the non-basal Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitates and the matrix were revealed: ■, and ■.Furthermore, these ORs and their habit planes were explained using the edge-to-edge matching model. The findings in this work can provide some guidelines for designing the microstructure of Mg-Al alloys to enhance their precipitation hardening potential.

Missile robust gain scheduling autopilot design using full block multipliers

Reduction of conservatism is one of the key and difficult problems in missile robust gain scheduling autopilot design based on multipliers.This article presents a scheme of adopting linear parameter-varying（LPV） control approach with full block multipliers to design a missile robust gain scheduling autopilot in order to eliminate conservatism.A model matching design structure with a high demand on matching precision is constructed based on the missile linear fractional transformation（LFT） model.By applying full block S-procedure and elimination lemma,a convex feasibility problem with an infinite number of constraints is formulated to satisfy robust quadratic performance specifications.Then a grid method is adopted to transform the infinite-dimensional convex feasibility problem into a solvable finite-dimensional convex feasibility problem,based on which a gain scheduling controller with linear fractional dependence on the flight Mach number and altitude is derived.Static and dynamic simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme.

Effect of Ca addition on grain refinement of Mg–9Li–1Al alloy

The as-cast and as-extruded Mg–9Li–1Al–xCa alloys(x=0,0.2;wt%)were prepared by a simple alloying process followed by hot extrusion with an extrusion ratio of 28.2.The microstructures of the as-cast and as-extruded Mg–9Li–1Al–xCa alloys were observed to investigate the effect of calcium(Ca)element on the Mg–9Li–1Al(LA91)alloy,and the crystallographic calculations between Al_(2)Ca and the matrix(α-Mg andβ-Li phases)were examined on the basis of the edge-to-edge matching model.The experimental results indicate that the addition of 0.2 wt%Ca into LA91 alloy reduce the size of theα-Mg phases in the as-cast alloy and that ofβ-Li phases in the as-extruded alloy due to the Al_(2)Ca particles distributed inside the matrix.Crystallographic calculation results suggested that there is a good crystallographic matching between the matrix and Al_(2)Ca,which confirmed that Al_(2)Ca particles can act as a heterogeneous nucleation site for bothα-Mg andβ-Li phases and were effective grain refiners for LA91 alloy.

Study of matching model between tariff package and user behavior

As the telecommunication market in China becomes increasingly mature, operators have begun to focus their primary effort on user management; within this focus, determining the proper tariff package for users and offering them relevant recommendations are key issues to resolve. This paper introduces a matching model that links tariff packages and users＇ usage behavior （e.g., the total minutes used, data usage, etc.） based on the market segmenting theory. Microsoft Visual Fox Pro 9.0 is selected as the development tool to implement the matching model, while the tariff packages and user behavior data for a city branch of China Mobile are used to validate the model.

Binary Operations for the Lattice Structure in a Many-to-Many MatchingModel

The lattice structure of the set of stable matchings in many-to-many matching model is well known in literature.If preferences of the agents are substitutable,this result can be obtained by fixed-point methods,for that purpose an algorithm for finding a fixed-point matching is defined.Since the fixed-point set equals the set of stable matchings,the latter has a lattice structure too.In this paper,we consider a many-to-many matching market where the preferences of firms satisfy substitutability and the law of aggregate demand,and workers have responsive preferences.In this many-to-many matching market,we explicitly compute for any pair of stable matchings the least upper bound and the greatest lower bound,without using fixed-point methods.

A multiple-pattern complex event matching model based on merge sharing for massive event streams

Quickly matching the related primitive events for multiple complex events from the massive event streams usually faces with a great challenge due to the single-pattern characteristics of the existing complex event matching models. Aiming to solve the problem, amultiple-pattern complex event matching model based on merge sharing is proposed inthis paper. The achievement of the paper lies in the fact that a multiple-pattern complexevent matching model based on merge sharing is presented to successfully realize thequick matching of related primitive events for multiple complex events from the massiveevent streams. Specifically, in our scheme, we successfully use merge sharing technologyto merge all the same prefixes, suffixes or subpatterns existing in single-pattern matchingmodels into shared ones and to construct a multiple-pattern complex event matchingmodel. As a result, our proposed matching model in this paper can effectively solve theabove problem. The experimental results show that our proposed matching model in thispaper outperforms the existing single-pattern matching models in model constructionand related events matching for massive event streams.

Conceptual design and control method for a noncontact annular electromagnetic stabilized satellite platform

Disturbance-Free Payload(DFP)spacecraft can meet the requirements of ultra-high attitude pointing accuracy and stability for future space missions.However,as the main control actuators of DFP spacecraft,Linear Non-Contact Lorentz Actuators(LNCLAs)have control output problems with six-degree-of-freedom coupling and nonlinear effects,which will affect the attitude control performance of DFP spacecraft.To solve this problem,a novel concept for Non-Contact Annular Electromagnetic Stabilized Satellite Platform(NCAESSP)is proposed in this study.The concept is centered on replacing the LNCLAs with a non-contact annular electromagnetic actuator to solve the two problems mentioned above.Furthermore,for the different control requirements of the payload module and the support module of the NCAESSP,a high-precision attitude controller based on the robust model matching method and a dual quaternion-based adaptive sliding mode controller are proposed.Additionally,the simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Longitudinal Acceleration Tracking Control of Low Speed Heavy-Duty Vehicles

This paper presents a model matching control （MMC） method based on the sliding mode control （SMC） method for longitudinal acceleration tracking control in a vehicular stop-and-go cruise control system. The nonlinearity of the vehicle acceleration response at low speeds was analyzed to develop a transfer function model of the vehicle longitudinal dynamics using the least-mean-square system identification technique. This transfer function was then used to design the MMC controller, including an SMC feedback compensator. The system combines the advantages of the two control methods with robust control and rapid response. Simulations show that the controller enhances the rapid trackability to the vehicle acceleration and improves the system＇s robustness at low speeds compared with conventional PID MMC controllers.

Adaptive Subspace Predictive Control with Time-varying Forgetting Factor

Aiming at the time-varying characteristics of industrial process, this paper introduces an adaptive subspace predictive control(ASPC) strategy with time-varying forgetting factor based on the original subspace predictive control algorithm(SPC). The new method uses model matching error to calculate the variable forgetting factor, and applies it to constructing Hankel data matrix.This makes the data represent the changes of system information better. For eliminating the steady state error, the derivation of the incremental control is made. Simulation results on a rotary kiln show that this control strategy has achieved a good control effect.

Simulation and Validation of the Aerosol Optical Thickness over China in 2006

The Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry （MATCH） developed by the US National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCAR） was used to calculate the aerosol optical thickness （AOT） over China in 2006, with emission source data of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B （INTEX-B） and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data as inputs. The simulation results of AOT were then validated with obser- vational data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS）, Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network （CSHNET）, Aerosol Robotics Network （AERONET）, and China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network （CARSNET） at more than 30 stations over China. The comparison results indicated that the high values of AOT in the areas such as the Sichuan basin and East and South China and the low values of AOT over the Tibetan Plateau and Northwest and Northeast China were reasonably simulated by the MATCH. This model tended to underestimate the AOT values in high-aerosol-loading areas but overestimate the AOT val- ues in less polluted areas because there are still large uncertainties in the expression of emission sources, the description of the optical properties of aerosols, the treatment of cloud and precipitation, and the selection of grid resolution. The modeling results were consistent with the CSHNET, CARSNET, AERONET, and MODIS data in most parts of China, and the correlation coefficient of the monthly mean AOT between the model and the observation was 0.79 with CSHNET data at 23 stations, 0.51 with MODIS data, and 0.88 with data at 3 CARSNET stations and 2 other stations. All of them passed the significance test with c 〈 0.0001. The results demonstrated that the MATCH has the ability to simulate the characteristics of the AOT distribution and its seasonal variation over China.