Numerical and theoretical verification of modified cam-clay model and discussion on its problems

Isotropic consolidation test and consolidated-undrained triaxial test were first undertaken to obtain the parameters of the modified cam-clay(MCC)model and the behavior of natural clayey soil.Then,for the first time,numerical simulation of the two tests was performed by three-dimensional finite element method(FEM)using ABAQUS program.The consolidated-drained triaxial test was also simulated by FEM and compared with theoretical results of MCC model.Especially,the behaviors of MCC model during unloading and reloading were analyzed in detail by FEM.The analysis and comparison indicate that the MCC model is able to accurately describe many features of the mechanical behavior of the soil in isotropic consolidation test and consolidated-drained triaxial test.And the MCC model can well describe the variation of excess pore water pressure with the development of axial strain in consolidated-undrained triaxial test,but its ability to predict the relationship between axial strain and shear stress is relatively poor.The comparison also shows that FEM solutions of the MCC model are basically identical to the theoretical ones.In addition,Mandel-Cryer effect unable to be discovered by the conventional triaxial test in laboratories was disclosed by FEM.The analysis of unloading-reloading by FEM demonstrates that the MCC model disobeys the law of energy conservation under the cyclic loading condition if the elastic shear modulus is linearly pressure-dependent.

Numerical verification of similar Cam-clay model based on generalized potential theory

From the mathematical principles, the generalized potential theory can be employed to create constitutive model of geomaterial directly. The similar Cam-clay model, which is created based on the generalized potential theory, has less assumptions,clearer mathematical basis, and better computational accuracy. Theoretically, it is more scientific than the traditional Cam-clay models. The particle flow code PFC3 D was used to make numerical tests to verify the rationality and practicality of the similar Cam-clay model. The verification process was as follows: 1) creating the soil sample for numerical test in PFC3 D, and then simulating the conventional triaxial compression test, isotropic compression test, and isotropic unloading test by PFC3D; 2)determining the parameters of the similar Cam-clay model from the results of above tests; 3) predicting the sample's behavior in triaxial tests under different stress paths by the similar Cam-clay model, and comparing the predicting results with predictions by the Cam-clay model and the modified Cam-clay model. The analysis results show that the similar Cam-clay model has relatively high prediction accuracy, as well as good practical value.

Influence of hysteretic stress path behavior on seal integrity during gas storage operation in a depleted reservoir

In this study,we numerically investigate the influence of hysteretic stress path behavior on the seal integrity during underground gas storage operations in a depleted reservoir.Our study area is the Honor Rancho Underground Storage Facility in Los Angeles County(California,USA),which was converted into an underground gas storage facility in 1975 after 20 years of oil and gas production.In our simulations,the geomechanical behavior of the sand reservoir is modeled using two models:(1)a linear elastic model(non-hysteretic stress path)that does not take into consideration irreversible deformation,and(2)a plastic cap mechanical model which considers changes in rock elastic properties due to irreversible deformations caused by plastic reservoir compaction(hysteretic stress path).It shows that the irreversible compaction of the geological layer over geologic time and during the reservoir depletion can have important consequences on stress tensor orientation and magnitude.Ignoring depletion-induced irreversible compaction can lead to an over-estimation of the calculation of the maximum working reservoir pressure.Moreover,this irreversible compaction may bring the nearby faults closer to reactivation.However,regardless of the two models applied,the geomechanical analysis shows that for the estimated stress conditions applied in this study,the Honor Rancho Underground Storage Facility is being safely operated at pressures much below what would be required to compromise the seal integrity.

Performance and environmental impacts of deep foundation excavation in soft soils:A field and modeling-based case study in Nanjing,China

This paper focuses on the performance of a braced deep excavation in soft soil based on field monitoring and numerical modeling.Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the soil parameters used in the modified Cam–Clay(MCC)model.Intelligent field monitoring means were adopted and a three-dimensional model was established.Spatial and temporal effects induced by the excavation are investigated for the deep-large foundation pit in soft soil.Deformation characteristics of the enclosure structure and the surrounding environment throughout the excavation process are presented.The behaviors of diaphragm walls,columns,the maximum wall deflection rate,ground surface settlement,and utility pipelines were focused on and investigated during the whole excavation process.Besides,the axial forces of the internal supports are analyzed.Based on the measured and simulated data,the following main conclusions were obtained:the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the measured values,which proves the accuracy of the model parameters;the wall and the ground surface showed the maximum displacement increment at stage 9,which was a coupled product of the"creep effect"of the soft soil in Nanjing,China and the"depth effect"of the excavation;as the excavation progressed,the ground settlement changed from a"rising"to a"spoon-shaped"trend,dvm was measured betweenδ_(vm)=0.0686%H andδ_(vm)=0.1488%H;the rebound deformation curve of the pit bottom was corrugated,and the depth of disturbance of the pit bottom after the completion of soil unloading was 2–3 times the excavation depth;the closer the pipeline is to the corner of the pit,the less the excavation process will affect the settlement of the pipeline and the less the obvious pit corner effect will occur;the support strength of the buttress and the longest corner brace should be strengthened during the actual construction process to ensure the stability of the foundation deformation.

刚性桩复合地基渗流固结性能分析

基于饱和砂井渗流固结理论,推导了综合考虑褥垫层、桩、土模量的刚性桩复合地基渗流固结解析解。在ABAQUS中使用Modified Cam-clay模型和孔压单元模拟桩间土体,建立单桩复合地基有限元分析模型。计算结果与某高层结构刚性桩复合地基静载试验吻合较好,验证分析模型的有效性。使用该分析模型,研究褥垫层厚度、模量,桩长对刚性桩复合地基受力及固结变形的影响。结果表明:刚性桩复合地基固结速度远大于天然地基,固结速度随褥垫层模量增大而增大,随井径比减小而增大;结构施工过程中,地基固结沉降已基本完成;褥垫层模量的增大可减小刚性桩复合地基固结沉降,但褥垫层厚度及排水土层厚度的增加都会加大固结沉降。

基于修正Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则的冻结砂土损伤本构模型

为了探讨冻土的强度和变形特性以及反映低围压下的应变软化和高围压下的应变硬化现象,建立不同围压影响下的冻结砂土损伤本构模型,其能合理解释冻土内部微裂隙向宏观破碎带转化过程。通过引入修正Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则来描述冻土微元强度破坏准则,利用冻土内部微缺陷分布的离散性和随机性特点,假设微元强度服从Weibull随机分布,并根据统计学和连续损伤力学理论建立能反映冻土破损全过程的损伤本构模型。通过低温三轴试验数据确定模型参数值,讨论Weibull分布参数n和F_0的物理意义,并修正分布参数随围压的变化规律;讨论并分析冻结砂土的黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ和损伤变量D随围压变化的演化规律。最后将模型预测结果与试验值进行对比,表明该模型能够较好地模拟冻结砂土应力–应变全过程曲线,并能反映随围压的增大曲线由应变软化逐渐向应变硬化过渡的现象;同时模拟了体积变形曲线,并能反映随围压的增大体变曲线由剪胀向剪缩转变特性。