Fatigue Resistance of RCA Modified Asphalt Based on Dielectric Properties

In order to study the anti-fatigue performance of RCA modified asphalt (RMA),the performance of RMA and 90#matrix asphalt with different modifier content were measured by asphalt penetration,ductility,softening point,Brookfield viscosity,rheological index,infrared spectrum and dielectric constant test.This paper discusses the changes of asphalt basic indexes,fatigue properties and asphalt components based on dielectric properties under different modifier contents,and analyzes the grey correlation degree between components and asphalt pavement performance indexes.The results show that the optimum content of RCA modifier is 16.7%of the asphalt quality according to the penetration,ductility,softening point,Brockfield viscosity,viscosity temperature curve and fatigue life.In the phase angle-strain curve,there is disorder in the latter part of the curve.According to the strain (ε_(d)) corresponding to the disorder point,a new fatigue failure criterion is proposed and proved.Based on the new asphalt fatigue failure criterion,the fatigue prediction model of asphalt mixture is improved,and the fatigue life predicted by the improved fatigue model is compared with the fatigue life obtained by four-point bending fatigue test.The results show that the proposed new asphalt fatigue failure criterion is reasonable,and the fatigue life predicted by the improved asphalt mixture fatigue prediction model is accurate.The research method of classifying asphalt components based on dielectric properties is simple and effective,and the components have a high correlation with the road performance of base asphalt and modified asphalt.

A comprehensive review on polyurethane modified asphalt: Mechanism, characterization and prospect

Polyurethane(PU),with excellent physical and chemical properties and high designability,is one of the ideal materials for asphalt modification in the future.In this paper,based on the limitations of traditional asphalt modifiers,the preparation process,relative advantages and development prospects of PU as asphalt modifiers are described.Subsequently,the spatial structure,physical and chemical properties of PU synthetic raw materials were combined with the modification properties of PU to analyze the effect and influence of PU on asphalt modification.Specifically,polyurethane modified asphalt(PUMA)is divided into thermoplastic polyurethane modified asphalt(TP-PUMA)and thermosetting polyurethane modified asphalt(TS-PUMA).The gain effect of TPPUMA in high-temperature performance,low-temperature performance,aging resistance,fatigue resistance,weathering performance and bonding performance is obvious.In addition,it has good storage stability.With excellent road performance,TS-PUMA makes up for the shortcomings of epoxy asphalt in terms of lowtemperature performance and compatibility.Finally,due to the development trend of functional diversification of modified asphalt,the research basis and status of several new modified asphalts based on PU properties are described.Because the systematic study of PUMA is insufficient,this paper proposes corresponding research.To provide guidance and ideas for the research of PU modified asphalt.

Materials,preparation,performances and mechanism of polyurethane modified asphalt and its mixture:A systematic review

With the rapid development of asphalt pavement technology,it has attracted considerable attention to improving the durability of asphalt pavement.An effective action is to use modified asphalt with high performance and durability.Polyurethane(PU)has been used in asphalt pavement engineering to enhance the durability and service life of asphalt pavement because of its excellent high-temperature performance,toughness,wear resistance,aging resistance and oil resistance.However,PU modified asphalt technology is still in the exploratory stage.The preparation,modification mechanism and working performances of PU modified asphalt need to be further clarified.Therefore,this paper summarized the research progress of PU modified asphalt and its mixture.The composition of PU modified asphalt was introduced.The addition methods of PU materials and preparation process parameters of the PU modified asphalt were determined.The modification mechanism of PU on asphalt was discussed.The effects of polyurethane on asphalt were analyzed and the road performances of its mixture were evaluated.Finally,the development tendency towards PU modified asphalt and its mixture were forecasted.

Laboratory evaluation of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures

The pavement performance of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures was investigated by the Marshall test, the indirect tensile test, the rutting test, the three-pointed bending test and the composite beam fatigue test. In comparison with the performance of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures, the performance of stone matrix asphalt mixtures （SMA10） was also investigated. The rutting test and composite beam fatigue test results show that the epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures can improve permanent deformation and fatigue characteristics. They also show lower temperature susceptibility and greater resistance to moisture damage compared to the SMA10. Findings from the research indicate that the epoxy resin modified asphalt mixture provides an optional material for the pavement of long-span steel bridges in China due to profound performance and economic advantages.

Application of Modified Asphalt in Municipal Roads

The article expounds modified asphalt technology by introducing commonly used modifiers and fillers and analyzing the construction technology of modified asphalt.The use of modified asphalt in municipal roads provides new alternatives for asphalt pavement materials,but also solves the existing construction problems and reduces project costs.Therefore,the research and application of modified asphalt using new materials and new processes is a crucial aspect in road construction.

Thermal Oxidative Aging Characterization of SBS Modified Asphalt

Both macro and micro-methods were introduced to study the physical and chemical properties of thermal oxidative aging of SBS （styrene-butadiene-styrene） modified asphalt. The physical properties of SBS modified asphalt before and after aging were analyzed by normal tests. The structure and quality variation of SBS modified asphalt during the aging process was analyzed by FTIR （Fourier transform infrared spectrum）. FTIR result shows that the degeneration of SBS modified asphalt is mainly caused by oxidative reaction and rupture of C=C double bond. The molecular weight variations of asphalt function groups and SBS polymer were studied by GPC （Gel Permeation Chromatography）. GPC result shows that small molecules transform into larger one in asphalt and SBS polymer molecule degrade during the aging process. SBS polymer may lose its modifying function after long time aging.

Analysis of Aging Mechanism of SBS Polymer Modified Asphalt based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum

The aging mechanism of SBS modified asphalt during its aging process was studied.The characterizations of base asphalt,SBS polymer and its modified asphalt were determined in different aging time by Fourier transform infrared spectrum（FTIR）.FTIR shows that oxidative dehydrogenation reaction occurs in asphalt,and unsaturated carbon bond is generated under short-term thermal aging condition.Additionally,SBS polymer was aged significantly under that condition,the speed of which was faster than that of base asphalt.The aging laws of both asphalt and SBS polymer during the aging process of SBS modified asphalt were similar to their aging laws respectively.Due to the protective effect between asphalt and SBS polymer,the aging degrees of asphalt and SBS polymer were lower than those aged independently.

Microscopic and Dynamic Rheological Characteristics of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt

A test for crumb rubber modified asphalt containing 20% crumb rubber particles（30 mesh） was performed using a scanning electron microscope（SEM）.The experimental results indicate that the crumb rubber particles are evenly distributed in the asphalt.Shear rate sweep and shear-temperature sweep tests on the crumb rubber modified asphalt at-20-80 ℃ using a dynamic shear rheology（DSR） instrument,were carried out.The tests show that the complex modulus decreases with increasing temperature;at equivalent temperature,higher load frequencies lead to a larger complex modulus,and this value increasingly decreases as the temperature increases;the phase angle increases with temperature and decreases as the load frequency increases.It can be concluded that the rutting resistance limiting temperature of crumb rubber modified asphalt is 78 ℃,and the anti-fatigue limiting temperature is 16 ℃,which shows that the asphalt has preferable rutting resistance characteristics at high temperature,as well as anti-fatigue characteristics.In addition,the complex modulus master curve at different temperatures was plotted according to the time temperature equivalence principle,which allows the study of the dynamic state behavior of crumb rubber modified asphalt at a wide range of load frequency.

Compound Rejuvenation of Polymer Modified Asphalt Binder

The objective of this research was to show a way to conduct rejuvenation of aged polymer modified asphalt binder（PMB） successfully.To fully evaluate and understand the rejuvenation of aged PMB,the Penetration grade tests including penetration,soften point,ductility and elastic recovery and SuperpaveTM PG grade tests including DSR,BBR and DDT were conducted.The rejuvenation effect of aged PMB by utilizing a fluid recycling agent in common use for binder rejuvenation was evaluated.And then the compound rejuvenation effect of aged PMB by utilizing the recycling agent with a new modifying additive for binder modification was evaluated.The experimental results indicated that the recycling agent in common use currently does not apply to polymer modified asphalt binder rejuvenation.But the recycling agent together with the modifying additive can restore the characteristics of aged polymer modified binder very well.Therefore,compound rejuvenation of polymer modified asphalt binder is recommended.

Rheological Evaluation of Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders

The microstructure and dynamic rheological characteristics of asphalt containing different polymer modifiers （crumb rubber, styrene-butadiene-styrene and crumb rubber mix with styrene- butadiene-styrene） at mid and high service temperature levels were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, dynamic shear rheometer（DSR） and repeat creep test. The main objective of the investigation was to rank the modifiers based on their effect on performance characteristics of asphalt under service conditions. To evaluate the effect of different modifiers on the viscoelastic response of asphalt, the temperature and frequency dependences of the dynamic viscoelastic properties were compared. The mid-temperature fatigue resistance and high-temperature rutting resistance of three polymer modified asphalts were evaluated to predict their field performance in roads. Based on the current results, an improved rutting factor was proposed to determine the rutting resistance of asphalt pavements. In addition, the viscous stiffness （Gv）, defined as the reciprocal of viscous compliance, was used to evaluate the high-temperature deformation resistance of asphalt mixtures. The experimental results indicate that the asphalt containing crumb rubber only shows superior performance at mid and high service temperatures in all three modified asphalt binders due to the action of the crumb rubber.

Creep Characteristics of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Binder

Crumb rubber modified asphalt containing 20 percent crumb rubber particles of 30 mesh has been examined by Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） to observe the microcosmic appearance and the characteristic distribution of crumb rubber particles in asphalt. The SEM pictures reveal that the crumb rubber particles distribute evenly in the asphalt and they are compatible well with asphalt. The shear creep test of crumb rubber modified asphalt was carried out at -10 ℃ and 40 ℃ by Dynamic Shear Rheology （DSR）. The shearing deformation at different temperature and creep stiffness modulus curve at loading stage of crumb rubber modified asphalt have been measured. The stiffness modulus of crumb rubber modified asphalt is much temperature sensitive and it decays much quick at the early stage of loading than normal asphalt. The rate of decay of stiffness modulus is slow at the subsequent stage and stiffness modulus approaches to a stable value at the final stage at a higher temperature. In addition, Burgers model is suitable to describe and simulate experimental results of viscoelastic properties of the crumb rubber modified asphalt.

Laboratory investigation on effects of organic montmorillonite on performance of crumb rubber modified asphalt

In this paper,organic montmorillonite(OMMT)was added into crumb rubber modified asphalt(CRMA)to improve its high temperature performance,anti-aging performance and storage stability.The effects of different OMMT content on properties of CRMA were studied.The rutting factor obtained by dynamic shear rheological(DSR)test was adopted to evaluate the high-temperature performance.The creep stiffness and m value determined by the bending beam rheometer(BBR)test were employed to evaluate the low-temperature performance.The softening point,ductility,rutting factor before and after rolling thin film ovens test(RTFOT)and pressure aging vessel test(PAV)were compared to characterize the aging properties.Moreover,the segregation test after being reserved for 48 h and 7 d was conducted,and the softening point and rutting factor of upper and lower layers of segregation pipe were adopted to evaluate the storage stability.The results indicated that the high-temperature performance and anti-aging performance were developed with the increasing content of OMMT,while the low-temperature performance deteriorated.The storage stability was improved with the increasing content of OMMT before the content exceeded 4%,after which the storage stability declined.Taking account of all factors,it is suggested that the optimum content of OMMT is 3%−4%.

The effect of cyclic hardening on fatigue properties of modified asphalt

The phenomenon of cyclic hardening is observed in fatigue tests of modified asphalt controlled by low strain/stress level and it is not clear how the phenomenon affects the fatigue properties of binders. The special time weep tests were performed to investigate the point. Tests results indicate that the cyclic hardening is caused by the rearrangement of molecules in binders, and it can make the inner structure of binders getting stable and increase the fatigue properties of asphalt binders. But fatigue damage occurs when fatigue tests start, no matter the phenomenon of cyclic hardening happens or not. If the controlled load is low, the effect of rearrangement of molecules on material is beyond the effect of fatigue damage so that the cyclic hardening can be observed. When the load conditions get worse, the effect of slight fatigue damages produced in hardening stage will show.

Advances in Aging and Anti-Aging Research on Rubber-Modified Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures

Waste rubber-modified asphalt has good anti-aging properties and can significantly improve the service life of asphalt pavements. For domestic and foreign scholars of rubber modified asphalt thermal oxygen aging, photo-oxidative aging and water aging some behavioural research, and rubber asphalt aging after the characteristics of the research progress are reviewed. Especially rubber-modified asphalt after light, water and other multi-factor agingsituations, the aging situation is more serious, for rubber-modified asphalt mixture aging, rubber asphalt anti-aging process research and analysis means are still very few, the future research must have more thinking.

Compatibility evaluation between waterborne epoxy resin and SBR latex modified asphalt emulsion

Good compatibility between waterborne epoxy resin(WER)modifier and styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)latex modified asphalt emulsion(SBRE)is an essential premise for good pavement performance of WER and SBR latex compositely modified asphalt emulsion(WSAE).This study aims to explore the compatibility between WER modifier and SBRE.To achieve the goal,several WER modifiers produced by two methods were first selected to modify SBRE,thus the WSAEs were prepared.Next,storage stability and workability of the WSAEs themselves,and high-temperature performance,rheological behavior and temperature sensitivity of their evaporated residues were compared and evaluated via performing a series of experiments,respectively,thus the WER modifier possessing an optimal modification effect was recommended.Results show that the storage stability of WSAEs is sensitive to the amount of WERs.The incorporation of 1%WERs by the mass of SBRE improves the storage stability of SBRE,while WERs that exceed 1%weaken its storage stability.When the WERs reach 3%and 4%,the 5 d storage stability of prepared WSAEs will be beyond the limitation of specification.Incorporating WERs into SBRE negatively affects the workability of SBRE,and the workability of WSAEs is adversely influenced by the WERs content and the storage time.To ensure the construction,the WSAEs with 3%and 4%WERs should not be stored for more than 36 h and 48 h,respectively.The WERs effectively improve the high-temperature performance of SBRE residue,especially the 3%WERs.Besides,the WERs notably enhance the rheological property and thermal stability of SBRE residue.In contrast,the WER modifier produced by chemically modified method has a smaller adverse impact on the storage stability and workability of WSAE,and a larger enhancement on the high-temperature performance,rheological property and thermal stability of SBRE residue,which is thus recommended to modify SBRE.

Review on laboratory preparation processes of polymer modified asphalt binder

Several previous studies have documented the progress in polymer modified asphalt binder with respect to materials'types and properties.However,limited or no effort was made to document findings on the laboratory preparation practices of polymer modified asphalt binder.Full and clear disclosure of asphalt blend preparation method is necessary for research continuity,reproducibility,and accurate adaptation by future studies for analogy and reliable conclusions.The laboratory preparation processes of various modified asphalt binders have been reviewed in this study.Factors affecting the optimal mixing of asphalt-polymer blends were summarized.The optimal mixing conditions associated with different asphalt modifiers were documented.Gap in the literature on the current practice for the preparation and reporting of various modified asphalt binder was discussed.Modifiers include styrene butadiene styrene(SBS),polyethylene(PE),waste tire rubber or crumb rubber(CR),ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA),sulfur,polyphosphoric acid(PPA),epoxy,polyurethane,nano-materials,etc.Currently,there is lack of modern innovative approached in the preparation of modified asphalt towards better performance.There is no clear standardized definition of term associated with asphalt binder preparation process.Given the limited and common types of polymers utilized for the modification of asphalt binder,it is possible to standardize the mixing procedure for several polymers.Doing so could ease research continuity and facilitates accurate comparison of new studies with earlier ones.

Aging effects on rheological properties of high viscosity modified asphalt

This work investigated the aging effects on the rheological properties of high viscosity modified asphalt(HVMA).First,the high-and low-temperature rheological properties were measured by a dynamic shear rheometer and a bending beam rheometer,respectively.The aging mechanism was then tested using an Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a scanning electron microscope.Besides,a study was performed to compare the aging effects on the rheological properties of HVMA,crumb rubber modified asphalt(CRMA),and neat asphalt(SK-90).The experimental results showed that the effects of the long-term aging on HVMA exceeded those of short-term aging.The complex shear modulus of the HVMA was improved by the aging in the whole frequency range.The complex shear modulus of the HVMA after the long-term aging was larger than after the short-term aging.Thus,the aging improved the high-temperature viscoelastic performance of HVMA.With a decrease in temperature from-12℃to-24℃,the low-temperature viscoelastic performance of HVMA decreased since its stiffness modulus and low continuous grading temperature increase.Both of the short-and long-term aging of HVMA were caused by an oxidation reaction,while modifier swelling also happened after long-term aging.Compared to CRMA and SK-90,aging had a limited influence on the high-and low-temperature rheological properties of HVMA.

Thermosetting resin modified asphalt:A comprehensive review

Thermosetting resins have advantages such as high strength,corrosion resistance,and aging resistance,and have excellent prospects for practical application as asphalt modifiers.In order to promote the research of thermosetting resin modified asphalt,to provide direction for its further research,this paper reviews the research progress of thermosetting resin modified asphalt in recent years.The material composition,modification mechanism,and curing behavior of epoxy asphalt,thermosetting polyurethane modified asphalt,unsaturated polyester modified asphalt,and other thermosetting resin modified asphalts are overviewed.Different types of thermosetting resin modified asphalt have different performances,the performance advantages of different thermosetting resin modified asphalts are summarized.At the same time,the existing problems in thermosetting resin modified asphalt and further research directions are provided.Encouraging researchers to produce thermosetting resin modified asphalts using waste or bio-based materials,and to study the recycling technologies and life cycle assessment of thermosetting resin modified asphalt.This paper provides a reference for the study of thermosetting resin modified asphalt.

Aging properties and aging mechanism of activated waste rubber powder modified asphalt binder based on rheological properties and micro-characterization

The research and development of high-performance pavement materials has been intensified owing to the demand for long-life pavements.This study is performed to develop a novel pavement material using waste rubber powder,waste lubricating by-product(LBP),and asphalt.Subsequently,the aging properties and aging mechanism of activated waste rubber powder modified asphalt(ARMA)are investigated based on its rheological properties and microcharacterization.The rheological results show that,compared with waste rubber powder modified asphalt(RMA),ARMA offers a higher aging resistance and a longer fatigue life.A comparison and analysis of the rheological aging parameters of ARMA and RMA show that LBP activation diminishes the aging sensitivity of ARMA.The microcharacterization result shows that the aging of ARMA may be caused by the fact that LBP-activated waste rubber powder is more reactive and can form a dense colloidal structure with asphalt.Therefore,the evaporation loss of asphalt light components by heat and the damage to the colloidal structure by oxygen during the aging process are impeded,and the thermal-oxidative aging resistance of ARMA is improved.

Physical-Rheological Properties and Performances of Rejuvenated(Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene)Asphalt with Polymerized-MDI and Aromatic Oil

Traditional asphalt rejuvenators,like aromatic oil(AO),are known to be effective in improving the low-temperature properties and fatigue performances of aged SBS(styrene-butadiene-styrene)modified asphalt(SBSMA)binders and mixtures.However,these rejuvenators inevitably compromise their high-temperature properties and deformation resistances because they dilute asphalt binder but do not fix the damaged structures of aged SBS.In this study,a highly-active chemical called polymerized 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(PMDI)was used to assist the traditional AO asphalt rejuvenator.The physical and rheological characteristics of rejuvenated SBSMA binders and the moisture-induced damage and rut deformation performances of corresponding mixtures were comparatively evaluated.The results showed that the increasing proportion of AO compromises the hightemperature property and hardness of aged SBSMA binder,and an appropriate amount of PMDI works to compensate such losses;3%rejuvenator at mass ratio of AO:PMDI=70:30 can have a rejuvenated SBSMA binder with a high-temperature performance similar to that of fresh binder,approximately at 71.4°C;the use of AO can help reduce the viscosity of PMDI rejuvenated SBSMA binder for improving its workability;PMDI can help improve the resistance of AO rejuvenated SBSMA binder to deformation,especially at elevated temperatures,through its chemical reactions with aged SBS;moisture induction can enhance the resistance to damage of rejuvenated mixtures containing AO/PMDI or only PMDI;and the rejuvenator with a mass ratio of AO:PMDI=70:30 can lead the rejuvenated mixture to meet the application requirement,with a rut depth of only 2.973 mm,although more PMDI can result in a higher resistance of rejuvenated mixtures to high-temperature deformation.