Influence of Inorganic Salts on the Adsorption of Cationically Modified Starch to Fibers

The article is focused on the influence of inorganic salts on the adsorption of cationically modified starch to fibers. Results show that low concentrations of inorganic salts usually affect the process of adsorption in a positive way. Adsorption efficiency at higher concentrations, however, depends on the type of inorganic salts as well as the sequence of adding inorganic salts and starch to paper suspension.

Size Reduction of Hydrophobically Modified Starch on Beads Mill： Effect of Dispersing Medium and Milling Time

The primary interest to this study was to investigate the effect of milling parameters on the size of hydrophobically modified starch particles, aiming to produce small, uniformly sized modified starch microspheres. Octie, a commercial product originated from cornstarch modified using Octenyl Succinate Anhydride （OSA）, was dispersed （3 wt%） using different media （water or ethanol） and subsequently wet-milled using a beads mill with zirconium beads at a rotation of 6,000 rpm up to 30 min. It was found that milling Octie in water dispersion for 3 min resulted in the smallest mean particle size （2.04 i 0.91 ktm）, compared to unmilled modified starch granules （15.2 ~ 6.0 lam）. Granular size and morphology changed considerably with further milling. For instance, very dense clusters with variable particle sizes （20.6 ~ 10.0 lam） were obtained after 30 min milling. As depicted by Scanning Electronic Microscopy, a large number of particles were apparently flattened during the milling process rather than broken, forming aggregates. Ultimately, within the range of experimental conditions tested, production of sub-micron modified starch particles was not possible.

Starch-based Surface-sizing Agents in Paper Industry:An Overview

Natural starch is an abundant and inexpensive polysaccharide biopolymer that is widely used as a surface-sizing agent in the paper industry.The surface sizing of paper improves its water and abrasion resistance,as well as its physical strength and printing adaptability.However,natural starch presents some disadvantages,such as high viscosity,poor fluidity,poor filmforming properties,and easy coagulation.Therefore,starch is usually modified and blended with various components to achieve better sizing performance.This article reviews approaches for the surface sizing of paper and modification of starch using enzymes or chemical methods,such as oxidation,cationization,and graft copolymerization.This article also discusses the application of starch-based multiphase systems(obtained by blending starch with various components)as surface-sizing agents.

Acetylation of Starch Extracted from Rejected Fruits of <i>Musa ×paradisiaca L.</i>to Obtain a Pharmaceutical Disintegrant

There are many natural sources to obtain pharmaceutical grade starch, one of which is banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.);nevertheless, the use of native starch has certain disadvantages compared to modified starches, whose disintegrating properties are better. In this study, starch extracted from rejected fruits of Musa × paradisiaca L., was modified by acetylation, under the following optimized experimental conditions: 130 mL acetic anhydride, 3 mL sodium hydroxide 50% p/v for each 15 grams of native starch, at 123℃ during 3 hours. The reaction resulted in a modified green banana starch with twice as much swelling capacity compared to unmodified (native) starch;acetylation was verified by infrared spectroscopy and degree of substitution of acetyl groups by back titration. The dissolution profiles of Ibuprofen tablets made with banana modified starch and commercial disintegrant, have no differences according with their similarity factor, f2. It is concluded that it is feasible to use green banana starch modified through acetylation as a pharmaceutical disintegrant.

Effect of algal flocculation on dissolved organic matters using cationic starch modified soils

Modified soils（MSs） are being increasingly used as geo-engineering materials for the sedimentation removal of cyanobacterial blooms. Cationic starch（CS） has been tested as an effective soil modifier, but little is known about its potential impacts on the treated water.This study investigated dissolved organic matters in the bloom water after algal removal using cationic starch modified soils（CS-MSs）. Results showed that the dissolved organic carbon（DOC） could be decreased by CS-MS flocculation and the use of higher charge density CS yielded a greater DOC reduction. When CS with the charge density of 0.052, 0.102 and0.293 meq/g were used, DOC was decreased from 3.4 to 3.0, 2.3 and 1.7 mg/L, respectively.The excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and UV254 analysis indicated that CS-MS exhibits an ability to remove some soluble organics, which contributed to the DOC reduction. However, the use of low charge density CS posed a potential risk of DOC increase due to the high CS loading for effective algal removal. When CS with the charge density of 0.044 meq/g was used, DOC was increased from 3.4 to 3.9 mg/L. This study suggested, when CS-MS is used for cyanobacterial bloom removal, the content of dissolved organic matters in the treated water can be controlled by optimizing the charge density of CS. For the settled organic matters, other measures（e.g., capping treatments using oxygen loaded materials） should be jointly applied after algal flocculation.

Bioactive and nutritional characterization of modeled and optimized consumer-ready flakes from pseudocereal(Amaranthus viridis), high-protein soymeal and modified corn starch

Flake is consumed in many parts of the world.Flakes are majorly prepared from cereals.However,most flakes are deficient in protein and some other healthful substances.High-protein soymeal is rich in protein,mineral,amino acids,antioxidants,and other healthful substances.Formulating flakes with high-protein soymeal would improve the health status of consumers.This work investigated consumer-ready flake from amaranth,high-protein soymeal,and modified corn starch produced under the optimized condition and characterized with the aim to develop models that would give a healthful consumer-ready flake.Amaranthus viridis,corn,and soybean grains were sorted,wet-cleaned,and dried.Soybean grains were processed into high-protein soymeal,starch was extracted from corn grains while A.viridis grains were processed into flour.Formulated flour mixtures were developed into flakes using three-level factorial categoric factor design of response surface methodology.The flakes were analyzed using standard procedures.Optimal flour mixtures of high-protein soymeal(34.78 g/100 g),amaranth(56.52 g/100 g),and modified corn starch(8.70 g/100 g)were established.Results showed the optimized flakes contained per 100 g:29.05 g protein,6.00 g fat,4.10 g fibre,3.84 g ash,8.96 g moisture,249.74 mg calcium,272.35 mg magnesium,12.08 mg iron,618.42 mg phosphorus,6.41 mg niacin,4.85 mg pyridoxine,0.21 g tannin,1.85 mg phytate,2.96 mg alkaloids,908.24GAE total phenolics and 12.75mgRE flavonoids with good quality characteristics in amino acids.The study illustrated the feasibility of formulating quality consumer-ready flakes from amaranth,high-protein soymeal,and modified corn starch.The production process is scalable and could be employed for both domestic and industrial purposes.

Octenylsuccinic anhydride group distribution in esterified maize starches with different granular structure and its effect on starch digestibility

This study aimed to investigate the distribution of octenylsuccinic anhydrid (OSA) groups in different maize starch granules and its effect on starch digestibility. OSA starches with two substitution degrees (DS) about 0.02 and 0.05 were prepared. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Confocal Raman spectra showed that OSA groups distributed mainly on the granules surface at low DS of all the starches. The content of OSA groups in center area increased with the increasing DS for A-type starch, while the content of OSA groups decreased from the surface to inner at both low and high DS for B-type starch. This demonstrated that OSA reagent could travel through the granule pores and channels to arrive at the cavity in the A-type starch. However, due to a dense internal structure for B-type starch, OSA groups could graft into the granule only by penetration. Analysis of X-ray Diffraction showed that the degree of crystallinity slightly decreased as the increasing DS of OSA starch. The content of rapidly digestible (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS) decreased, but that of resistant starch (RS) increased in the raw OSA starches with the increasing DS (RDS: 23.0%, RDS: 8.3%, RS: 72.3% for the raw waxy maize starch with 0.05 DS). It indicated that the hydrolysis of the OSA starches was influenced by the distribution of OSA groups.

Enzymatically modified quinoa starch based pickering emulsion as carrier for curcumin:Rheological properties,protection effect and in vitro digestion study

Curcumin,as a lipid-soluble and environment-sensitive(light,heat and oxidants)polyphenol,need to be embedded to develop health care products with stable storage-stability and of higher bioaccessibility.Enzymatically modified quinoa starch(EMQS)based emulsion gel was fabricated and used as the carrier for curcumin.The emulsifying property and mechanism of EMQS,and the micromorphology,stability,rheological properties and in vitro digestion properties of the emulsion gel were studied.The decreased particle size and increased contact angle of QS after enzymatic hydrolysis contributed to the improved emulsifying properties of EMQS.The curcumin-encapsulated EMQS Pickering emulsion gel showed better emulsifying stability,much clearer solid-like behavior,higher gel strength and viscosity than that of Tween 80 emulsion.The retention rates of curcumin in the EMQS Pickering emulsion gel were higher than 85%after subjected to the different treatments.And under 7 h UV and 8-day storage conditions,the protective effect of EMQS-based Pickering emulsion gel on curcumin was even higher than that of tween 80 emulsion system.The lipid digestion extent in EMQS Pickering emulsion gel was higher than that in bulk oil system and lower than that in tween 80 system.Compared with that of bulk oil system(5.37%),the bioaccessibility of curcumin in EMQS Pickering emulsion gel(38.57%)was greatly improved,proving that EMQS Pickering emulsion gel could be used as delivery vehicle for curcumin.