Comparative analysis of various modularization algorithms and species specific study of VEGF signaling pathways

In biology, signal transduction refers to a process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. It involves ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell. These cascades of reactions are carried out by enzymes and activated by second messengers. Signal transduction pathways are complex in nature. Each pathway is responsible for tuning one or more biological functions in the intracellular environment as well as more than one pathway interact among themselves to carry forward a single biological function. Such kind of behavior of these pathways makes understanding difficult. Hence, for the sake of simplicity, they need to be partitioned into smaller modules and then analyzed. We took VEGF signaling pathway, which is responsible for angiogenesis for this kind of modularized study. Modules were obtained by applying the algorithm of Nayak and De (Nayak and De, 2007) for different complexity values. These sets of modules were compared among themselves to get the best set of modules for an optimal complexity value. The best set of modules compared with four different partitioning algorithms namely, Farhat’s (Farhat, 1998), Greedy (Chartrand and Oellermann, 1993), Kernighan-Lin’s (Kernighan and Lin, 1970) and Newman’s community finding algorithm (Newman, 2006). These comparisons enabled us to decide which of the aforementioned algorithms was the best one to create partitions from human VEGF signaling pathway. The optimal complexity value, on which the best set of modules was obtained, was used to get modules from different species for comparative study. Comparison among these modules would shed light on the trend of development of VEGF signaling pathway over these species.

The Realization of Mass Customization Using Modularization Method

In the view of the comparison of Mass Customization ( MC) with Mass Production and Customization Production, the objectives of MC are analyzed. It is pointed out that the core objectives of MC are to realize in dividuation customization, low cost, quick response to market demands. The modul arization theory is simply introduced. Based on the characteristics of modular ization, the mechanism of realizing MC with modularization is analyzed. The in dividuation customization can be realized with the different combinations of mod ules. The low cost can be realized with the scale economy and the category econo my of modules. The quick response can be realized with standard modules and its interfaces. So, the modularization is a kind of effective method in realizing MC . The modularization for MC is a systems engineering. With product modularized, production organization and management and manufacturing equipment will be chang ed. In addition, the paper also proposes a Mass Customization production model w hich is based on modularization. This Mass Customization production model is con sisted of modularization of product design, specialization of manufacturing, Vir tual Enterprises based on modularizing enterprises, and modularizing manufacturi ng equipment. The module design for MC, modularizing enterprises, and reconfigur able automation manufacturing equipment are discussed, and it is pointed out tha t they are the important supports for MC.

Research on shock resistance of modularization cabin

Underwater explosion impulsive loading would not only cause serious damage to ship structure,but also influence the shock resistance of cabin structure.In this paper,based on Duha Man integral theory,the idea of cabin structure about isolation vibration based on modularization design was presented,which can improve the shock resistance of existing cabins.The shock resistance analysis of the modularization cabin about connection pattern by bolt,single-layer,double-layer and floating raft system of vibration isolation is carried out.The results showed that the shock resistance of bolt is the worst and floating raft is relatively superior above all.

Neighborhood Modularization‑based Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Disassembly Planning with Operation Attributes

The recycling and remanufacturing of end-of-life products are significant for environmental protection and resource conservation.Disassembly is an essential process of remanufacturing end-of-life products.Effective disassembly plans help improve disassembly efficiency and reduce disassembly costs.This paper studies a disassembly planning problem with operation attributes,in which an integrated decision of the disassembly sequence,disassembly directions,and disassembly tools are made.Besides,a mathematical model is formulated with the objective of minimizing the penalty cost caused by the changing of operation attributes.Then,a neighborhood modularization-based artificial bee colony algorithm is developed,which contains a modular optimized design.Finally,two case studies with different scales and complexities are used to verify the performance of the proposed approach,and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the two existing methods within an acceptable computational time.

Improving the Use of Robotic Welding of Aluminum Boats through Modularization

The level of automation in the manufacture of recreational aluminum boats is very low. Robotized welding is rarely utilized, although it is commonly considered as the most effective way to reduce costs and increase competitiveness. A reason for the under-exploitation of robotics can be found in the construction of aluminum boats;boat models and their detailed structures are almost without exception individual pieces. A new stiffener structure for an aluminum recreational boat hull is developed in this work. Construction of the stiffener as a module allows exploitation of the advantages of modularization. The number of different parts is reduced and the structure simplified improves the applicability of robotic welding and provides benefits accruing from mass production. The same module can be used in several boat models. The modularity also makes it possible to use the same advanced robot welding fixture for a variety of boat models.

Design of Prefabricated Old-age Building Based on Modularization:A Case Study of Institutional Elderly Houses Design in Taigou Village,Xi'an City

Old-age building was designed in Ziwu Town,from the aspects of energy saving,environmental protection,full use of solar energy and characteristics of the local climate.In order to meet the requirements of energy conservation,environmental protection and climate adaptability of residential buildings,this paper integrates the construction and design in the prefabricated building design,at the same time,with the consideration of the possibility of expansion and removal of the nursing home,the concept of "modular unit" is put forward.Considering the climatic adaptability of the base position,the utilization of solar energy and the organization of natural ventilation should be paid attention to,also,the rammed soil construction method is added in this design,which can improve the thermal insulation performance of the building enclosure and create a comfortable indoor thermal environment both in winter and summer.In order to realize the object of industrial building construction and design,the prefabricated construction method is used,which produces impact on the surrounding environment more environmentally friendly.The building will be easily built,less restricted,and low-cost.What's more,local material and the advantages of all dry work increase the operability of the project.

Code modernization and modularization of APEX and SWAT watershed simulation models

SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate),a field-scale agroecology simulation model.All three models are coded in Fortran and have evolved over several decades.They are widely used to analyze anthropogenic influences on soil and water quality and quantity.Much of the original Fortran code has been retained even though Fortran has been through several cycles of development.Fortran now provides functionality originally restricted to languages like C,designed to communicate directly with the operating system and hardware.One can now use an object-oriented style of programming in Fortran,including inheritance,run-time polymorphism and overloading.In order to enhance their utility in research and policy-making,the models are undergoing a major revision to use some of the new Fortran features.With these new programming paradigms the developers of SWAT,APEX,and EPIC are working to make communication between the two models seamless.This paper describes the ongoing revision of these models that will make them easier to use,maintain,modify and document.It is intended that they will converge as they continue to evolution,while maintaining their distinctive features,capabilities and identities.

Individualization,Collaboration,Modularization,and Hypertextualization in College English Teaching Reform

The recently issued "College English Curriculum Requirements"is a win-win game of a democratic process undergoing many rounds of discussions between government administrators and College English teachers in China. The theme of the paper is to discuss that the new "Requirements" reflects the findings and insights gained from those fields such as philosophy, linguistics, literary criticism, psychology, and pedagogy, which can be described in terms of individualization, collaboration, modularization, and hypertextualization. It is held that the "Requirements" is a milestone of China's College English teaching reform, and is sure to further push forward foreign language teaching reform in general.

Customized scaffolds for large bone defects using 3D‑printed modular blocks from 2D‑medical images

Additive manufacturing(AM)has revolutionized the design and manufacturing of patient-specific,three-dimensional(3D),complex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.The use of advanced image acquisition techniques,image processing,and computer-aided design methods has enabled the precise design and additive manufacturing of anatomically correct and patient-specific implants and scaffolds.However,these sophisticated techniques can be timeconsuming,labor-intensive,and expensive.Moreover,the necessary imaging and manufacturing equipment may not be readily available when urgent treatment is needed for trauma patients.In this study,a novel design and AM methods are proposed for the development of modular and customizable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a patient.These modular scaffold blocks can be combined to quickly form any patient-specific scaffold directly from two-dimensional(2D)medical images when the surgeon lacks access to a 3D printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3D imaging,modeling,and 3D printing during surgery.The proposed method begins with developing a bone surface-modeling algorithm that reconstructs a model of the patient’s bone from 2D medical image measurements without the need for expensive 3D medical imaging or segmentation.This algorithm can generate both patient-specific and average bone models.Additionally,a biomimetic continuous path planning method is developed for the additive manufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biomechanical properties to be manufactured directly from 2D data or images.The algorithms are implemented,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3D printed using an extrusion-based AM process.Guidelines and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

Risk Assessment of Deep-Water Horizontal X-Tree Installation

Due to the high potential risk and many influencing factors of subsea horizontal X-tree installation,to guarantee the successful completion of sea trials of domestic subsea horizontal X-trees,this paper established a modular risk evaluation model based on a fuzzy fault tree.First,through the analysis of the main process oftree down and combining the Offshore&Onshore Reliability Data(OREDA)failure statistics and the operation procedure and the data provided by the job,the fault tree model of risk analysis of the tree down installation was established.Then,by introducing the natural language of expert comprehensive evaluation and combining fuzzy principles,quantitative analysis was carried out,and the fuzzy number was used to calculate the failure probability of a basic event and the occurrence probability of a top event.Finally,through a sensitivity analysis of basic events,the basic events of top events significantly affected were determined,and risk control and prevention measures for the corresponding high-risk factors were proposed for subsea horizontal X-tree down installation.

Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Control With Varying Exponent Coefficient for Modular Reconfigurable Flight Arrays

The modular system can change its physical structure by self-assembly and self-disassembly between modules to dynamically adapt to task and environmental requirements. Recognizing the adaptive capability of modular systems, we introduce a modular reconfigurable flight array(MRFA) to pursue a multifunction aircraft fitting for diverse tasks and requirements,and investigate the attitude control and the control allocation problem by using the modular reconfigurable flight array as a platform. First, considering the variable and irregular topological configuration of the modular array, a center-of-mass-independent flight array dynamics model is proposed to allow control allocation under over-actuated situations. Secondly, in order to meet the stable, fast and accurate attitude tracking performance of the MRFA, a fixed-time convergent sliding mode controller with state-dependent variable exponent coefficients is proposed to ensure fast convergence rate both away from and near the system equilibrium point without encountering the singularity. It is shown that the controller also has fixed-time convergent characteristics even in the presence of external disturbances. Finally,simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control strategies.

Modularized and Parametric Modeling Technology for Finite Element Simulations of Underground Engineering under Complicated Geological Conditions

The surrounding geological conditions and supporting structures of underground engineering are often updated during construction,and these updates require repeated numerical modeling.To improve the numerical modeling efficiency of underground engineering,a modularized and parametric modeling cloud server is developed by using Python codes.The basic framework of the cloud server is as follows:input the modeling parameters into the web platform,implement Rhino software and FLAC3D software to model and run simulations in the cloud server,and return the simulation results to the web platform.The modeling program can automatically generate instructions that can run the modeling process in Rhino based on the input modeling parameters.The main modules of the modeling program include modeling the 3D geological structures,the underground engineering structures,and the supporting structures as well as meshing the geometric models.In particular,various cross-sections of underground caverns are crafted as parametricmodules in themodeling program.Themodularized and parametric modeling program is used for a finite element simulation of the underground powerhouse of the Shuangjiangkou Hydropower Station.This complicatedmodel is rapidly generated for the simulation,and the simulation results are reasonable.Thus,this modularized and parametric modeling program is applicable for three-dimensional finite element simulations and analyses.

"Five steps four quadrants" modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing hepatic hilum lymph nodes in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND Although en bloc dissection of hepatic hilum lymph nodes has many advantages in radical tumor treatment,the feasibility and safety of this approach for laparo-scopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)require further clinical evaluation and investigation.AIM To explore the application value of the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing hepatic hilum lymph nodes in LPD patients.METHODS A total of 52 patients who underwent LPD via the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for hepatic hilum lymph nodes from April 2021 to July 2023 in our department were analyzed retrospectively.The patients'body mass index(BMI),preoperative laboratory indices,intraoperative variables and postoperative complications were recorded.The relationships between preoperative data and intraoperative lymph node dissection time and blood loss were also analyzed.RESULTS Among the 52 patients,36 were males and 16 were females,and the average age was 62.2±11.0 years.There were 26 patients with pancreatic head cancer,16 patients with periampullary cancer,and 10 patients with distal bile duct cancer.The BMI was 22.3±3.3 kg/m²,and the median total bilirubin(TBIL)concentration was 57.7(16.0-155.7)µmol/L.All patients successfully underwent the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique without lymph node clearance-related complications such as postoperative bleeding or lymphatic leakage.Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between preoperative BMI(r=0.3581,P=0.0091),TBIL level(r=0.2988,P=0.0341),prothrombin time(r=0.3018,P=0.0297)and lymph node dissection time.Moreover,dissection time was significantly correlated with intraoperative blood loss(r=0.7744,P<0.0001).Further stratified analysis demonstrated that patients with a preoperative BMI≥21.9 kg/m²and a TIBL concentration≥57.7μmol/L had significantly longer lymph node dissection times(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION The"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing the hepatic hilum lymph node is safe and feasible for LPD.This technique is expected to improve the efficiency of hepatic hilum lymph node dissection and shorten the learning curve;thus,it is worthy of further clinical promotion and application.

LiMo 2040 Sustainable urban Living and Mobility Concept-Elevator System

How can individual mobility in urban areas be maintained alongside scooters and cargo bikes if conventional vehicles are foreseeably no longer allowed to enter city centers?And how can urban living be combined with individual mobility in a sustainable and socially acceptable way?LiMo-2040 attempts to provide answers to these questions.It follows a holistic approach according to the criteria:As light,as compact and as simple(cost-effective)as possible.Modular e-vehicle concepts(consisting of vehicle cabin and chassis)are known,but have not yet been thought through to their logical conclusion.The LiMo cabin is not only a vehicle cabin,but also a component of a modern high-rise apartment.It therefore requires no parking space and combines urban living and individual mobility sustainably and cost-effectively.If a vehicle is needed,an app can be used to book a chassis that comes along autonomously and waits until the cabin,including its occupants,travels down a sophisticated rail system,docks and autonomously heads for the desired destination.

Illumination Adaptive Identification Algorithm of a Reconfigurable Modular Robot

Reconfigurable modular robots feature high mobility due to their unconstrained connection manners.Inspired by the snake multi-joint crawling principle,a chain-type reconfigurable modular robot(CRMR)is designed,which could reassemble into various configurations through the compound joint motion.Moreover,an illumination adaptive modular robot identification(IAMRI)algorithm is proposed for CRMR.At first,an adaptive threshold is applied to detect oriented FAST features in the robot image.Then,the effective detection of features in non-uniform illumination areas is achieved through an optimized quadtree decomposition method.After matching features,an improved random sample consensus algorithm is employed to eliminate the mismatched features.Finally,the reconfigurable robot module is identified effectively through the perspective transformation.Compared with ORB,MA,Y-ORB,and S-ORB algorithms,the IAMRI algorithm has an improvement of over 11.6%in feature uniformity,and 13.7%in the comprehensive indicator,respectively.The IAMRI algorithm limits the relative error within 2.5 pixels,efficiently completing the CRMR identification under complex environmental changes.

Design and Development of Small Modular Courses for“Education-Training Integration”in Vocational Colleges:A Case Study

Vocational education plays a vital role in the development of skilled technical professionals and the advancement of the economy.However,the emphasis on campus education often neglects the importance of external training,hindering the overall development of vocational education.This study aims to address this issue by exploring the design and development of small modular courses that integrate training and education in vocational colleges,focusing on the mechanics course as a case study.The research methods employed in this study include an in-depth analysis of enterprise training needs,the development of digital teaching resources utilizing the finite element method(FEM),and the implementation of a small modular course integrating education and training.The data analysis reveals positive outcomes in terms of learners’comprehension and engagement with complex mechanics formulas through the use of stress nephograms and other digital resources.This research provides a new perspective on curriculum design and offers insights into the integration of training and education in vocational colleges.The findings underscore the significance of incorporating innovative teaching methodologies and digital resources in enhancing the quality and relevance of vocational education,ultimately contributing to the cultivation of skilled professionals and the growth of the vocational education sector.

Feasibility Analysis of IMA Configuration Design Tool

With the widespread application of integrated modular aviation(IMA)electronic systems,the requirements of IMA characteristic analysis and configuration generation have also improved significantly."Configuration and design system based on AADL models(real-time,reliability,interactive complexity,and schedulability)analysis of the AADL model"mainly get through key characteristic analysis for optimization,combined with input of component parameter information and constraint information,assist designers in generating system configuration information,and form a comprehensive modular avionics system resource configuration strategy generation platform.Also,the tool can generate configuration plans for avionics system software and hardware physical architecture configuration.The analysis of the avionics system model mainly involves designers inputting the existing system model architecture for multi characteristic analysis,it can realize the multi-character analysis based on software intensive system architecture models for software dense systems.Inter-complexity and schedulability analysis,and according to characteristic constraint analysis、system model assessment parameters and system architecture constraint parameters to generate configuration scheme information that meets the requirements.The system can meet domestic and foreign software-intensive systems and meet its quality requirements.

Leveraging React Components in Business Process Management (BPM) Applications

As organizations increasingly embrace digital transformation, the integration of modern web technologies like React.js with Business Process Management (BPM) applications has become essential. React components offer flexibility, reusability, and scalability, making them ideal for enhancing user interfaces and driving user engagement within BPM environments. This article explores the benefits, challenges, and best practices of leveraging React components in BPM applications, along with real-world examples of successful implementations.

Fibrous MXene Aerogels with Tunable Pore of Contaminated Seawater

The seawater desalination based on solardriven interfacial evaporation has emerged as a promising technique to alleviate the global crisis on freshwater shortage.However,achieving high desalination performance on actual,oil-contaminated seawater remains a critical challenge,because the transport channels and evaporation interfaces of the current solar evaporators are easily blocked by the oil slicks,resulting in undermined evaporation rate and conversion efficiency.Herein,we propose a facile strategy for fabricating a modularized solar evaporator based on flexible MXene aerogels with arbitrarily tunable,highly ordered cellular/lamellar pore structures for high-efficiency oil interception and desalination.The core design is the creation of 1D fibrous MXenes with sufficiently large aspect ratios,whose superior flexibility and plentiful link forms lay the basis for controllable 3D assembly into more complicated pore structures.The cellular pore structure is responsible for effective contaminants rejection due to the multi-sieving effect achieved by the omnipresent,isotropic wall apertures together with underwater superhydrophobicity,while the lamellar pore structure is favorable for rapid evaporation due to the presence of continuous,large-area evaporation channels.The modularized solar evaporator delivers the best evaporation rate(1.48 kg m-2h-1)and conversion efficiency(92.08%)among all MXene-based desalination materials on oil-contaminated seawater.

Modular flexible“Tetris”microsatellite platform based on sandwich assembly mode

In this paper,a flexible modular“Tetris”microsatellite platform is studied to implement the rapid integration and assembly of microsatellites.The proposed microsatellite platform is fulfilled based on a sandwich assembly mode which consists of the isomorphic module structure and the standard mechanical-electric-data-thermal interfaces.The advantages of the sandwich assembly mode include flexible reconfiguration and efficient assembly.The prototype of the sandwich assembly mode is built for verifying the performance and the feasibility of the proposed mechanical-electric-data-thermal interfaces.Finally,an assembly case is accomplished to demonstrate the validity and advantages of the proposed“Tetris”microsatellite platform.