Light-field modulation and optimization near metal nanostructures utilizing spatial light modulators

Plasmonic modes within metal nanostructures play a pivotal role in various nanophotonic applications.However,a significant challenge arises from the fixed shapes of nanostructures post-fabrication,resulting in limited modes under ordinary illumination.A promising solution lies in far-field control facilitated by spatial light modulators(SLMs),which enable on-site,real-time,and non-destructive manipulation of plasmon excitation.Through the robust modulation of the incident light using SLMs,this approach enables the generation,optimization,and dynamic control of surface plasmon polariton(SPP)and localized surface plasmon(LSP)modes.The versatility of this technique introduces a rich array of tunable degrees of freedom to plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy,offering novel approaches for signal optimization and functional expansion in this field.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the generation and modulation of SPP and LSP modes through far-field control with SLMs and highlights the diverse applications of this optical technology in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy.

Identification of FDA-Approved Drugs as Modulators of Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) Expression Levels in MRP2-Overexpressing Cells: Preliminary Data

Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 (MRP2) is an ATP-dependent transmembrane protein that plays a pivotal role in the efflux of a wide variety of physiological substrates across the plasma membrane. Several studies have shown that MRP2 can significantly affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles of many therapeutic drugs and chemicals found in the environment and diet. This transporter can also efflux newly developed anticancer agents that target specific signaling pathways and are major clinical markers associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) of several types of cancers. MDR remains a major limitation to the advancement of the combinatorial chemotherapy regimen in cancer treatment. In addition to anticancer agents, MRP2 reduces the efficacy of various drug classes such as antivirals, antimalarials, and antibiotics. The unique role of MRP2 and its contribution to MDR makes it essential to profile drug-transporter interactions for all new and promising drugs. Thus, this current research seeks to identify modulators of MRP2 protein expression levels using cell-based assays. A unique recently approved FDA library (372 drugs) was screened using a high-throughput In-Cell ELISA assay to determine the effect of these therapeutic agents on protein expression levels of MRP2. A total of 49 FDA drugs altered MRP2 protein expression levels by more than 50% representing 13.17% of the compounds screened. Among the identified hits, thirty-nine (39) drugs increased protein expression levels whereas 10 drugs lowered protein expression levels of MRP2 after drug treatment. Our findings from this initial drug screening showed that modulators of MRP2 peregrinate multiple drug families and signify the importance of profiling drug interactions with this transporter. Data from this study provides essential information to improve combinatorial drug therapy and precision medicine as well as reduce the drug toxicity of various cancer chemotherapies.

A review of liquid crystal spatial light modulators:devices and applications

Spatial light modulators,as dynamic flat-panel optical devices,have witnessed rapid development over the past two decades,concomitant with the advancements in micro-and opto-electronic integration technology.In particular,liquid-crystal spatial light modulator(LC-SLM)technologies have been regarded as versatile tools for generating arbitrary optical fields and tailoring all degrees of freedom beyond just phase and amplitude.These devices have gained significant interest in the nascent field of structured light in space and time,facilitated by their ease of use and real-time light manipulation,fueling both fundamental research and practical applications.Here we provide an overview of the key working principles of LC-SLMs and review the significant progress made to date in their deployment for various applications,covering topics as diverse as beam shaping and steering,holography,optical trapping and tweezers,measurement,wavefront coding,optical vortex,and quantum optics.Finally,we conclude with an outlook on the potential opportunities and technical challenges in this rapidly developing field.

Unveiling the biological role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators in inflammatory bowel diseases

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that has a high epidemiological prevalence worldwide.The increasing disease burden worldwide,lack of response to current biologic therapeutics,and treatment-related immunogenicity have led to major concerns regarding the clinical management of IBD patients and treatment efficacy.Understanding disease pathogenesis and disease-related molecular mechanisms is the most important goal in developing new and effective therapeutics.Sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)receptor(S1PR)modulators form a class of oral small molecule drugs currently in clinical development for IBD have shown promising effects on disease improvement.S1P is a sphingosine-derived phospholipid that acts by binding to its receptor S1PR and is involved in the regulation of several biological processes including cell survival,differentiation,migration,proliferation,immune response,and lymphocyte trafficking.T lymphocytes play an important role in regulating inflammatory responses.In inflamed IBD tissue,an imbalance between T helper(Th)and regulatory T lymphocytes and Th cytokine levels was found.The S1P/S1PR signaling axis and metabolism have been linked to inflammatory responses in IBD.S1P modulators targeting S1PRs and S1P metabolism have been developed and shown to regulate inflammatory responses by affecting lymphocyte trafficking,lymphocyte number,lymphocyte activity,cytokine production,and contributing to gut barrier function.

Waveguide-integrated optical modulators with two-dimensional materials

Waveguide-integrated optical modulators are indispensable for on-chip optical interconnects and optical computing.To cope with the ever-increasing amount of data being generated and consumed,ultrafast waveguide-integrated optical modulators with low energy consumption are highly demanded.In recent years,two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted a lot of attention and have provided tremendous opportunities for the development of high-performance waveguide-integrated optical modulators because of their extraordinary optoelectronic properties and versatile compatibility.This paper reviews the state-of-the-art waveguide-integrated optical modulators with 2D materials,providing researchers with the developing trends in the field and allowing them to identify existing challenges and promising potential solutions.First,the concept and fundamental mechanisms of optical modulation with 2D materials are summarized.Second,a review of waveguide-integrated optical modulators employing electro-optic,all-optic,and thermo-optic effects is provided.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of waveguide-integrated modulators with 2D materials are discussed.

Hypertrophic Scar Formation and Wound Healing Modulation Fatty Acids as Modulators of Severe Scars

Scar tissue usually generates severe discomfort in the short and long term. Common symptoms include anesthetics sequelae, pruritus, joint malfunction, new wounds on the scar surface, and pain. There are several treatments for scars, like compression, topical or intralesional steroid infiltration, 5-fluorouracil, dermabrasion, and surgeries with new scar tissue. For adult patients, it is easier to choose the treatment. However, compression is commonly applied in children to prevent treatments that have adverse effects. This study reports the outcomes of 15 patients submitted to abdominoplasty, traumatic wounds and post-burn scar treatments, which showed significant changes after the continuous use of an ointment composed of petrolatum, cod liver oil, BHT, Chamomilla recutita (chamomile) oil, Helianthus annuus (sunflower) oil, and Prunus amygdalus dulcis (sweet almond) oil. As components of the stratum corneum, unsaturated fatty acids influence the cutaneous structural and immune status and permeability. They also interfere with the maturation and differentiation of the stratum corneum and inhibit the production of proinflammatory eicosanoids, reactive species (ROS and RNS), and cytokines, thereby influencing the inflammatory response and possibly wound healing. This article aims to share our experience with the regular use of an ointment in adult and pediatric patients for three months. The increase in proinflammatory cytokine production at wound sites, resulting in a noninvasive, therapeutical, and effective cutaneous wound healing and scarring modulation, may provide a physiopathological explanation for the fast improvement of scars.

基于YOLOv8-NFMC的带钢表面缺陷检测算法

针对YOLOv8算法在应用于带钢表面缺陷检测时存在漏检和错检等问题,提出了一种改进YOLOv8算法。针对数据集中的小目标的标签,在原损失CIOU的基础上面加入标准化高斯瓦瑟斯坦距离(normalized Gaussian Wasserstein distance,NWD),提升模型对小目标缺陷的检测能力;采用聚焦调制(focal modulation)替换YOLOv8模型的空间池化金字塔(spatial pyramid pooling-fast,SPPF),在轻量化的同时,提高多尺度特征的表达能力;采用移动翻转瓶颈卷积(mobile inverted bottleneck conv,MBConv)替换C2f中的Conv构建新模块C2f-MB,同时使用C2f-MB替换原有的C2f模块,增强特征表达能力和多尺度特征融合能力;在主干部分加入卷积块注意力机制(convolutional block attention module,CBAM)来抑制背景干扰,能更好捕获全局信息,提升了主干部分的特征提取能力。实验结果表明,改进后的YOLOv8算法在计算量下降的同时,mAP@0.5提高了3%,对漏检和错检等问题有明显改善。

食品中益生元的研发和应用研究进展

益生元的定义目前被更新为“能被宿主微生物选择性利用并产生健康益处的底物”。根据最新的定义,益生元种类扩展到碳水化合物以外的物质,例如共轭亚油酸和植物多酚等;益生元作用部位不再局限于胃肠道,应用范围也不局限于食品。针对益生元具有缓解便秘、促进骨骼健康、缓解肥胖、抑制致病菌、减少炎症、免疫调节等多种健康促进效应,深入阐述了益生元促进宿主健康的作用机制。其机制主要体现为两个方面,一是益生元被宿主的有益微生物直接或间接性利用,从而起到菌群调节作用;二是益生元被菌群代谢后产生有益于宿主健康的代谢产物。此外,某些低聚糖类和多糖类的益生元还具有很好的加工特性,对于食品的质构特性和风味有积极的作用。因此,益生元在固体饮料、糖果、乳制品和烘焙制品等食品中广泛应用。然而,益生元的功效评价及应用中,仍存在一些问题亟待解决。不同生理状态下人体的肠道菌群是不同的,菌群结构的差异必然导致同种益生元在不同人群中利用情况的差异。益生元的单糖结构、聚合程度、分支以及官能团等结构差异会影响其被肠道微生物的利用。总之,针对不同人群的生理状态靶向应用益生元和对益生元进行特定结构的优化或修饰,将是未来益生元精准化应用的关键。

国产FPGA上通信基带发端算法设计和系统实现

该文针对国产FPGA上通信基带算法及相关信号处理算法IP核匮乏现状,设计了基于紫光Logos系列FPGA器件的通信基带发端算法;在紫光FPGA缺乏FIR IP核的情况下,经优化设计实现了仅用7个乘法器的60阶FIR成型滤波器;搭建收发测试环境对设计的发端系统进行了测试。测试结果表明,所设计的基于正交调制的发端基带算法和基带系统性能达到主流水平的技术指标要求,实现了首批通信算法和通信系统在国产FPGA器件上的应用。

充电桩充电模块功率器件故障诊断研究综述

大功率直流充电桩是未来电动汽车充电设施的发展方向,充电模块是直流充电桩最重要以及故障率最高的部件,其中功率器件开路故障较为常见。为保证充电模块安全可靠运行,需要对充电模块功率器件开路故障进行准确识别和定位。文中首先对充电模块拓扑结构和故障类型进行分析,然后分别对基于解析模型、基于信号处理和基于知识的功率器件开路故障诊断方法进行总结,分别介绍了各类方法的基本思想、研究进展和优缺点,最后总结并展望充电模块功率器件开路故障诊断方法未来的研究和发展方向。

基于融合MBAM与YOLOv5的PCB缺陷检测方法

随着电子信息产业迅速发展,PCB行业作为电子信息产业的基础,其产品质量对后续生产的电子产品有着决定性影响。针对PCB缺陷目标较小,缺陷类型多,特征不明显,在实际生产过程中易产生误检、漏检等问题,提出了一种多分支注意力MBAM模块方法,在3个不同维度对特征图进行关注,以增强特征提取的能力,对缺陷区域给予更多的注意力表示。通过改进YOLOv5结构,将MBAM与YOLOv5网络结合,有效的提升了对PCB中小目标的检测性能。最后通过在网络不同位置添加MBAM模块进行对比实验,选取了最佳的添加位置。通过在PCB缺陷数据集上的实验结果表明,改进后的PCB缺陷检测算法具有良好的检测性能,优于其他对比算法,最终的AP达到了96.7%,对比标准YOLOv5的94.7%提高了2个百分点,其他项指标均有涨点,在保持检测速度基本不变的情况下,精准地识别PCB缺陷类型。

“调枢启神”治疗抑郁共病的理论内涵与临床应用

抑郁症是严重威胁人类健康的全身性疾病,往往与疼痛、失眠、功能性胃肠病、糖尿病等疾病伴随发生,抑郁共病发病率高、机制复杂、疾病负担重、治疗手段有限。现阶段临床实践和科学研究多数是围绕单一疾病或系统展开,以单病为导向的临床诊疗模式亟须突破。本文原创性提出“调枢启神”治疗抑郁共病的中西医结合创新理论,形成耳穴电刺激经迷走神经异病同治创新治法,并获得其治疗疼痛/抑郁共病、失眠/抑郁共病、功能性胃肠病/抑郁共病、糖尿病/抑郁共病的神经生物学基础及循证医学证据,以期为临床治疗提供新思路、新方法。

基于改进YOLOv5的路面病害检测模型

为进一步提高路面病害检测精度,文章在YOLOv5的基础上,提出针对路面病害特征改进的检测模型Pavement Damage-YOLO(PD-YOLO)。PD-YOLO在网络结构中引入Space-to-depth层,以适应低分辨率和路面病害目标小的检测任务。此外,模型在池化层利用SPPFCSPC,在特征提取时获取不同的感受野,有效解决路面病害检测图像中目标大小差异较大的情况;在特征融合层引入ASFF模块使模型自适应学习不同特征间的联系,加强模型对病害目标区域的关注度。在对多组测试数据集测试中,与YOLOv5相比,PD-YOLO模型同时提高了检测结果的准确率、召回率、F1值以及mAP@0.5值,证明了PD-YOLO有着更强的特征提取能力和特征融合能力,在路面病害的检测上有更优越的表现。

基于深度主动学习与CBAM的细粒度菊花表型识别

针对菊花种类繁多,花型差别细微,准确标注比较困难的问题,基于深度主动学习与混合注意力机制模块(Convolutional block attention module,CBAM),提出了一种标号数据不足情况下的菊花表型智能识别方法和框架。首先,通过主动学习策略基于最优标号和次优标号法(Best vs second-best,BvSB)在未标记菊花样本中选取信息量较大的样本进行标记,并将标记后的样本放入训练样本中;其次,使用深度卷积神经网络ResNet50作为本文的主干网络训练标记样本,引入混合注意力机制模块CBAM,使模型能够更为准确地提取细粒度图像中的高层语义信息;最后,用更新后的训练样本继续训练分类模型,直到模型达到迭代次数后停止。实验结果表明,该方法在少量菊花标记样本下,精确率、召回率和F1值分别达到93.66%、93.15%和93.41%。本文方法可为标号数据不足情况下的菊花等花卉智能化识别提供技术支撑。

融合Inception V1-CBAM-CNN的轴承剩余寿命预测模型

针对现有的滚动轴承剩余寿命(RUL)预测方法精度低、轴承健康指标(HI)构建困难等问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)并融合Inception V1模块和卷积注意力机制模块(CBAM)的滚动轴承RUL预测模型。首先,在CNN中添加了CBAM机制,并进行了加权处理,在通道和空间维度对重要特征进行了强化,对次要特征进行了抑制,通过添加改进的InceptionV1模块,提高了CNN通道间信息交互水平,全面提取了退化特征;然后,进行了网络优化,采用全局最大池化(GMP)方法对模型进行了简化,采用Dropout和批量归一化(BN)方法,避免了过拟合,提高了精度,且克服了训练时出现的梯度消失问题;最后,对数据进行了处理,将降噪后的信号重组为三维张量,将其作为HI,构建了退化标签,引入了评价指标,采用PHM2012轴承数据集进行了实验验证,在3种工况下将其与深度神经网络(DNN)、CNN方法、结合注意力机制的残差网络方法(ResNet)进行了对比。研究结果表明:该方法在变负载条件下的平均RMSE为0.033,较其他方法的RMSE值分别降低了86%、78%和69%,在预测精度和泛化能力方面具有明显优势。

基于迁移学习的苹果落叶病识别与应用

为解决现有卷积神经网络苹果叶片病害识别模型泛化能力弱,模型体积较大等问题,该研究提出一种基于改进MobileNetV3苹果落叶病识别模型。以健康叶片和常见苹果落叶病为研究对象,包括斑点落叶病、灰斑病、褐斑病、锈病4种,每种病害2级,共9类特征,通过改进网络的注意力模块、全连接层及算子,结合迁移学习的训练方式,构建苹果落叶病识别模型。在扩充前后的数据集上对比不同的学习方式、学习率和注意力模块等对模型的影响,验证模型的识别性能。试验结果表明:采用迁移学习的方式,在训练50轮达曲线收敛,比全新学习的准确率增加6.74~10.79个百分点;使用引入的ET(efficient channel attention-tanh)注意力模块,网络损失曲线更加平滑,模型的参数量更少,模型体积减小了48%,提高了模型的泛化能力;在扩充数据集上,学习率为0.000 1时,结合迁移学习的训练方式,改进MobileNetV3(ET3-MobileNetV3)苹果落叶病识别模型,平均准确率能达到95.62%,模型体积6.29 MB。将模型部署到喷药设备上,可实现基于苹果叶片病害识别的变量喷施,该研究可为苹果叶片病害的检测与果园的现代化管理提供参考。

基于动态指标的光伏组件健康程度诊断

为了对光伏组件的健康状况进行诊断,提出了一种基于光伏组件的光生电流,等效串联电阻,等效并联电阻3个指标的光伏组件健康程度定量检测方法。首先利用改进的布谷鸟算法对测量的光伏组件I-U线进行参数辨识,形成实测健康曲线,再利用光伏组件自然老化模型确定理论健康曲线,然后计算实测健康曲线与理论健康曲线之间的偏移量并结合灰色关联分析进行数值校正;定义健康程度H参量计算得到光伏组件健康程度量化值。仿真分析和实验测试结果表明该方法可以对不同环境下的光伏组件健康程度进行有效在线诊断,为光伏组件维护提供参考。

修正SWAT模型在喀斯特小流域的径流模拟研究——以羊鸡冲小流域为例

在贵州喀斯特地区,地表径流通过土壤裂隙、岩溶管道等途径流失,限制了地表径流的形成。文章以龙里羊鸡冲小流域为研究区,基于2013-2019年的实测数据,修正SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型的裂隙流模块,修改了裂缝入渗的表示方法,对修正前后的日径流模拟进行对比分析。结果表明:率定期内纳什系数由0.32提升到0.60,决定系数由提高0.37提升到0.58。在验证期内,纳什系数由0.52提高到0.55,决定系数由0.56提高到0.60,修正后的模型与原模型相比具有更好的适用性。修正后模型的径流时间序列与实测数据更吻合,能合理估算研究区的入渗水量,为喀斯特小流域的水资源管理提供参考依据。

心脏收缩力调节器用于心力衰竭的机制和临床研究

心脏收缩力调节器(CCM)作为救治慢性射血分数降低的心力衰竭(HFrEF)的新型植入性电子治疗装置,因可增强心室肌收缩力、改善患者症状体征和心功能指标甚至远期预后,已迅速成为心血管领域倍受关注的热点。本文综述了CCM治疗HFrEF的机制和临床研究,并根据其机制和信号传递算法对其在射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)、心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)反应不佳、合并心房颤动的HFrEF患者中的疗效进一步分析和展望,以期推动CCM可以满足更多、不同临床情况的心力衰竭患者的需求。

通信激光器及其调制技术研究进展

在光通信领域,激光器及其调制带宽、调制速率对无线光通信至关重要。对半导体激光器信号的调制方式主要有内调制和外调制两种。这两种调制技术具有各自的特点,适用于光纤通信中的不同领域,都是当前重要的研究热点。内调制激光器又称为直接调制激光器,因其具有高速传输以及低成本的特点,成为目前应用在第五代移动通信技术(5G)前传和数据中心中的高性价比光源。而外调制激光器不存在光源附加的Chirp,所以可以有效地克服光纤色散造成的复合二次差拍(CSB)失真。文章在回顾通信激光器及其调制技术发展历程的基础上,介绍了西安理工大学在该领域所做的工作以及取得的主要进展。针对半导体激光器发生非线性失真的内外因素进行讨论,仿真响应特性各参数、线性化补偿方法以及功率控制系统对光发射器件输出光源的作用,并分析了温度的起伏对激光器和调制器件输出功率产生的影响。采用折射率椭球基本理论和数值分析,分别在纵向和横向调制下,讨论出射光强随温度的变化趋势。结果表明,纵向调制下出射光光强随温度的变化趋势只与铌酸锂(LN)晶体折射率的变化有关;横向调制下出射光光强随温度的变化趋势不仅要受到晶体折射率的影响,还要受到晶体尺寸及其膨胀系数的影响,因此可以利用特殊尺寸的晶体来提高电光调制器的温度稳定性。