Overall efficiency of a V-shaped nylon net fence in preventing sand damage to the Mogao Grottoes

A V-shaped nylon net fence installed in 1990 on top of the Mogao Grottoes is shown to be effectively resisting aeolian sand damage to the grottoes. The structure guides and causes deposition of sand from westerly wind （the primary hard wind）, but to some extent hinders the inverse function of easterly wind carrying sand away from the grottoes toward Mount Mingsha. The gobi side by the fence experiences higher wind speed, so that on which are easily formed undercutting pits, and the deposited sands on it generally form double-peak structures due to abundant sand sources. If the earth surface characteristics in gobi areas by both sides of the fence are quite varied, the erosion and deposition features of the accumulating sand section are similar in different seasons; however, if the earth surface characteristics are similar, the features become irregular in different seasons. Sand depositions with long slope feet are formed along the south and north sides of V-shaped nylon net fence. Disrupted by strong westerly wind and northwesterly wind, sand accumulations by north of the fence are in form of single peaks. Although the operation duration of the V-shaped nylon net fence has exceeded its design life （10 years）, our observations indicate that it is still effective in reducing wind-driven sand damages to the Mogao Grottoes, so it should not be withdrawn.

Concentrations,sources,and influential factors of water-soluble ions of atmospheric particles in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,a world heritage site in China

Atmospheric particle pollution is one of the major factors leading to degradation of ancient wall paintings,particularly heritage sites in arid and semi-arid regions.However,current systematic research on the changes,sources,and influential factors of atmospheric particulate matter and its water-soluble ion concentrations is not sufficient.Thus,the major water-soluble ion concentrations,sources,and influential factors of atmospheric particles PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter≤2.5 and 10.0μm,respectively,in ambient air)were collected from Cave 16 and its ambient exterior environment in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,China,between April 2015 and March 2016.Results showed that the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) inside and outside the cave were the highest in March 2016 and the lowest in December 2015.The higher particle concentration from March to May was related to the frequent occurrence of sand and dust events,and the lower particle concentration from June to September was associated with good diffusion conditions,increased precipitation,and an established cave shelterbelt.The concentration of particulate matter inside the cave was affected by the concentration of particles in the air outside the cave.Ca2+,NH+4,Na+,Cl-,and SO2-4were the main components of the total ions of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) both inside and outside the cave.The total ions inside the cave were frequently affected by the disturbance of tourists'activities during the peak tourist season from May to August.Under the influence of dust,the total concentrations of Cl-,SO2-4,Na+,NH+4,and Ca2+in particles of different sizes inside and outside the cave increased,and the concentrations of Cl-,SO2-4,Na+,and Ca2+decreased during precipitation period.Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggested that the pollutants were mainly from Xinjiang,China.The pollutant sources of air particulates are straw burning,secondary pollution sources,soil dust,dry spring rivers,and tourist activities.

A Study on Honeysuckle Pattern in Yungang Grottoes From the Perspective of Semiotics

Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han Dynasty and took root in China,integrating with local culture.The classic pattern of honeysuckle in Buddhism,as a type of border decoration,was also introduced to China with the eastward advancement of Buddhism.This article aims to conduct a semiotic study on the patterns of honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes.Firstly,the concept of honeysuckle patterns was explained,and typical honeysuckle patterns that appeared in the Yungang Grottoes were systematically organized and classified.Then,with the help of semiotic principles,the production of symbols for honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes was analyzed from a semiotic perspective.Based on this,the semiotic characteristics of honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes and their signifier and referent systems were analyzed in depth.Finally,the shape and connotation of honeysuckle patterns in their evolution and development were summarized.The honeysuckle pattern occupies an important position in the history of traditional patterns in China,so the honeysuckle pattern in Yungang Grottoes,as a decorative theme,not only has important research significance,but its semiotic value is also worth exploring and studying.

基于ESPAC法探测敦煌莫高窟窟前地质结构

利用ESPAC探测法在莫高窟窟前布设由线性台阵观测系统组成的测线探测下方地层结构。探测结果表明,在二维微动视S波速度剖面上,微动探测法确定的地层分层清晰可见,各层层位起伏变化较大。剖面揭露的覆盖层两端厚、中间薄,中部有基岩体侵入并存在宽30 m×40 m大小的“孤石”。采用相关区域地勘资料进行标定,以杂填土、细砂和砾砂为代表的第四系覆盖层厚度为8 m左右,完整基岩面埋深约30 m。该成果可为莫高窟文物保护提供地球物理方面的依据。

巩义石窟畏兽造像文创再设计探析

本文致力于深入探索畏兽图像的发展脉络及艺术特征,对巩义石窟内畏兽造像的基本图像范式、艺术价值深入分析。以巩义石窟畏兽造像元素为出发点,明确其在历史文化中的寓意,结合现代设计思维进行文创再设计。从图像、文化、市场等方面寻找传统文化与现代设计之间的契合点。使传统的石窟造像艺术在现代社会中充分发挥其独特的艺术魅力和文化价值,从而有效促进传统文化的传承与发展,增强文化归属感。

基于便携数字化记录方式的石窟建筑逆向建模评估——以南京栖霞寺千佛崖三圣殿为例

石窟建筑通常以集群式分布,呈现出数量多、扫描耗时长等特征,且窟内壁画和佛像具有丰富的色彩纹理和细节特征。文章以南京栖霞寺千佛崖三圣殿为研究对象,通过无人机进行近景摄影测量,并结合手持便携式扫描仪快速获取点云,高效收集其色彩纹理和几何结构信息。综合运用这两种技术的优势,生成融合点云数据源,建立三维模型,并评估该方法在信息采集效率、几何结构和色彩纹理方面的表现。研究结果证明了此方法在石窟建筑逆向建模应用中的高效性,有效突破了传统扫描石窟建筑方法的局限性,解决了模型管理的难题,展示了其在建筑遗产保护领域的广泛应用前景。

Digitizing Dunhuang Cultural Heritage:A User Evaluation of Mogao Cave Panorama Digital Library

Purpose： This study is a user evaluation on the usability of the Mogao Cave Panorama Digital Library （DL）, aiming to measure its effectiveness from the users＇ perspective and to propose suggestions for improvement. Design/methodology/approach： Usability tests were conducted based on a framework of evaluation criteria and a set of information seeking tasks designed for the Dunhuang cultural heritage, and interviews were conducted for soliciting in-depth opinions from participants. Findings： The results of the usability tests indicate that the DL was more efficient in supporting simple information seeking tasks than those of higher-complexity levels. Statistical tests reveal that there were correlations among dimensions of usability criteria and user effectiveness measures. Moreover, interview discourses exposed specific usability issues of the DL. Research limitations： This research is based on a relatively small sample size, resulting in a limited representativeness of user diversity. A larger sample size is needed for a systematic cross group comparison. Practical implications： This study evaluated the usability of the Mogao Cave Panorama DL and proposed suggestions for its improvement for better experience. The results also provide a reference to other cultural heritage DLs with panorama functions. Originality/value： This study is one of the first evaluating cultural heritage DLs from the perspective of user experience. It provides methodological references for relevant studies： the evaluation framework, the designed information seeking tasks, and the interview questions can be adopted or adapted in evaluating other visually centric DLs of cultural heritage.

Grottoes Discovered in Tibet

ChinesearchaeologistShavediscoveredZI^sinZandaCOUnty,NgedOfTibet.Scatteredover3,onsquarekilometers,theyaretheremainsOfananciotkingdom.Grottoes Discovered in Tibet...

Original State of Grotto Eaves of the Daxiang Mountain Grottoes of Gangu County

Located in the east of Gansu Province, Gangu County in Tianshui City is the only way that people went to the Central Plains from the western regions in ancient times, and it's also an important node of the Grotto Culture Corridor of the Silk Road. Daxiang Mountain Giant Buddha Grottoes is the landmark of Gangu County. The giant Buddha statue stands among cliffs 200 meters high above the ground, and it is the second largest stone-base clay-sculpture Buddha in China. After going through thousands of years, the Giant Buddha Grottoes needs effective and scientific protection. This article was originated from the actual project—The Research on the Construction Technology of Wooden-structure Grotto Eaves in the Daxiang Mountain. This article f inished the rebuilding plan for the Buddha Grotto Eaves on the basis of analyzing historical documents, hole traces, morphological evolution and image demonstration.

Redrawing Frescoes of Dunhuang Grottoes and Their Application in Costume History Research

This paper explores the relationship between costume history research and the redrawing of frescoes of Dunhnang Grottoes. Redrawing frescoes could provide evidences for costume history research, and the research can correspondingly help the rodrawing. Redrawing frescoes, for the purpose of costume history study, must comply with some specific rules, which are different from those of other studies. The present study also discusses the methods to distinguish, the original fresco colors that have faded or changed after more than one thousand years.

“象”与“意”:云冈石窟武术造像整理与研究

云冈石窟是我国古代佛教石窟造像的杰出代表,是中华民族的文化宝库,不仅在历史、宗教、艺术等方面具有重要的意义,在体育方面也有独特的内涵,具有极高的研究价值。文章从过往研究较少涉及的武术文史视角出发,运用文献资料法、实地调查法、图像分析法、三重证据法等研究方法对云冈石窟中的武术造像进行研究,对其数量、题材、布局、美学形态、文化意象进行全方位地梳理、归纳和探索。研究表明:云冈石窟共有163幅武术造像,涉及射箭、拳技、力士托举、持械四种项目,其宏观布局与微观动作等外在之“象”,以直观的和不可替代的方式印证了北魏时期中华武艺的历史演进,呈现出佛武合一下的东方硕武之美以及南北朝时代特有的胡汉民族融合之“意”。

Architectural Space of Kizil Grottoes Based on the Spirit of Place

As a Buddhist architecture,Kizil Grottoes have important spiritual and cultural value because of its religious spiritual attribute and its growth in a special geographical environment and historical and cultural background.By using the methods of literature collection and field investigation,and taking the place spirit as the theoretical guidance,this paper studies and discusses the architectural layout,spatial form and functional function of different types of caves,and seeks the correlation between architectural material form and consciousness spirit,thereby expounding the place spirit of spatial identity and cultural belonging contained in Buddhist architecture of Kizil Grottoes.

Longmen Grottoes

The Longmen Grottoes comprise more than 2,300 caves and niches carved into the steep limestone cliffs. These contain almost 110,000 stone Buddhist statues, more than 60 stupas and 2,800 inscriptions carved on steles. Luoyang was China＇s capital during the late North- ern Wei Dynasty （386-534） and early Tang Dynasty （618 907）, and the most intensive period of carving dates from the end of the fifth century to the mid eighth century.

Implementation of"impression Kizil grottoes"exhibition

Selecting Kizil grottoes as research target, this article discussed a new mode of integration of culture and science. Througha combination of website technologies HTML5 and PHP, ＂impression.Kizil grottoes online exhibition＂ is realized. The main functions include contents show, database connection operation, information publication and layout design, it can satisfy application requirements of dynamic website.

Tourist Translation of Three Famous Grottoes in China——From Perspective of Domestication and Foreignization

In recent years,with the deepening of reform and opening up and the success of the entry into the World Trade Organization,the tourism industry in China has been booing. More and more foreign tourists come to China. In the face of tourist's needs changing rapidly,how to accurately and appropriately introduce Chinese tourism resources to foreign tourists in order to promote Chinese and foreign exchanges and the development of tourism have already become a problem that can not be ignored.However,tourism narration as an important media to spread the Chinese tourism culture,the quality of it's translation is particularly important.

Uncovering the Secrets of a New Archaeological Case at Dunhuang—A Textual Study on the Newly Found Qianzi Wen Written on the South Wall in Mogao Cave 9

This paper investigates a unique and interesting archaeological case,namely the newly found inscription copied from Qianzi Wen(The Thousand Character Essay)on the south wall in the main chamber of Mogao cave 9,and analyzes a series of research topics related to the inscription,hoping to thoroughly reveal the historical and cultural phenomenon of the high popularity and extensive spread of Qianzi Wen in the Tang dynasty,and attempt to restore some living scenes of ancient school students and cave-making artisans.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time to find Qianzi Wen on the wall in Mogao caves.

莫高窟壁画文创产品转喻设计方法研究

立足当下国内各区域文旅发展需求,构建文创产品转喻设计创新方法,促进多样化设计方案生成,并满足消费者对文创产品的深度文化体验和情感共鸣需求。通过内涵外延传承说的类层级结构的建立,挖掘、构建文化目的域内涵项与外延项两者间的传承关系;通过转喻映射三层级的建立,得出产品源域的多个映射结果,最终产生多样化的设计方案,并应用于莫高窟文创产品设计实践中。在转喻认知相邻逻辑视角下建立的“用户”“文化”“文创产品”多路径认知关联,为用户深度认知莫高窟文化提供了新的思路与方法。

Mogao Caves

Listed as a World Heritage Site in 1987 Location： Dunhuang City, 6ansu Province, northwest China Best Time to Visit： Anytime, but autumn is the peak tourist season