Glioblastoma Multiforme(GBM)is a grade IV astrocytoma,with a median survival of 14.6 mo.Within GBM,stem-like cells,namely glioblastoma stem cells(GSCs),have the ability to self-renew,differentiate into distinct lineag...Glioblastoma Multiforme(GBM)is a grade IV astrocytoma,with a median survival of 14.6 mo.Within GBM,stem-like cells,namely glioblastoma stem cells(GSCs),have the ability to self-renew,differentiate into distinct lineages within the tumor and initiate tumor xenografts in immunocompromised animal models.More importantly,GSCs utilize cell-autonomous and tumor microenvironment-mediated mechanisms to overcome current therapeutic approaches.They are,therefore,very important therapeutic targets.Although the functional criteria defining GSCs are well defined,their molecular characteristics,the mechanisms whereby they establish the cellular hierarchy within tumors,and their contribution to tumor heterogeneity are not well understood.This review is aimed at summarizing current findings about GSCs and their therapeutic importance from a molecular and cellular point of view.A better characterization of GSCs is crucial for designing effective GSCtargeted therapies.展开更多
Stem cells are pluripotent cells, having a property of differentiating into various types of cells of human body. Several studies have developed mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) from various human tissues,peripheral blood...Stem cells are pluripotent cells, having a property of differentiating into various types of cells of human body. Several studies have developed mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) from various human tissues,peripheral blood and body fluids. These cells are then characterized by cellular and molecular markers to understand their specific phenotypes. Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) are having a MSCs phenotype and they are differentiated into neuron, cardiomyocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, liver cells and β cells of islet of pancreas. Thus, DPSCs have shown great potentiality to use in regenerative medicine for treatment of various human diseases including dental related problems. These cells can also be developed into induced pluripotent stem cells by incorporation of pluripotency markers and use for regenerative therapies of various diseases. The DPSCs are derived from various dental tissues such as human exfoliated deciduous teeth, apical papilla, periodontal ligament and dental follicle tissue. This review will overview the information about isolation, cellular and molecular characterization and differentiation of DPSCs into various types of human cells and thus these cells have important applications in regenerative therapies for various diseases. This review will be most useful for postgraduate dental students as well as scientists working in the field of oral pathology and oral medicine.展开更多
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women mainly because of the propensity of primary breast tumors to metastasize. It is composed of heterogeneous cell populations with different biolo...Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women mainly because of the propensity of primary breast tumors to metastasize. It is composed of heterogeneous cell populations with different biological properties. Breast cancer-initiating cells have been recently identified in breast carcinoma as CD44+/CD24-/low cells, which display stem cell like properties. In the present study, we have isolated breast cancer stem cells from non-metastasis tumor tissue, which is presently at passage 18 and designated as human Breast Cancer Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBCMSCs) line. These cells showed spindle shaped morphology and formed mammos-pheres as well as pluripotency clones indicating their stem cell nature. Molecular marker study confirmed mesenchymal nature as well as pluripotency, plasticity and oncogenicity of these cells. The hBCMSCs cell line may likely contain a heterogeneous population of malignant cells. Interestingly, we also found that these cells exhibit BRCA 2 mutation, which was found in Indian population. Overall, this study revealed that hBCMSCs cell line may represent a suitable in vitro model to study the mechanism of breast cancer which further leads to an identification of molecular targets for future breast cancer targeted therapy.展开更多
基金Supported by Bayin NS received support from NYSTEM Institutional training grant,No.CO26880support from the Medical Scientist Training Program at NYU School of Medicine+2 种基金support from NIH/NINDS 1R21NS087241-01,NIH/NCI 2P30CA016087-33,NIH/NCATS UL1 TR000038NYU Cancer InstituteNYU Clinical and Translational Science Institute
文摘Glioblastoma Multiforme(GBM)is a grade IV astrocytoma,with a median survival of 14.6 mo.Within GBM,stem-like cells,namely glioblastoma stem cells(GSCs),have the ability to self-renew,differentiate into distinct lineages within the tumor and initiate tumor xenografts in immunocompromised animal models.More importantly,GSCs utilize cell-autonomous and tumor microenvironment-mediated mechanisms to overcome current therapeutic approaches.They are,therefore,very important therapeutic targets.Although the functional criteria defining GSCs are well defined,their molecular characteristics,the mechanisms whereby they establish the cellular hierarchy within tumors,and their contribution to tumor heterogeneity are not well understood.This review is aimed at summarizing current findings about GSCs and their therapeutic importance from a molecular and cellular point of view.A better characterization of GSCs is crucial for designing effective GSCtargeted therapies.
基金Supported by Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre,Mumbai,India,Project ni491,A/C 27814
文摘Stem cells are pluripotent cells, having a property of differentiating into various types of cells of human body. Several studies have developed mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) from various human tissues,peripheral blood and body fluids. These cells are then characterized by cellular and molecular markers to understand their specific phenotypes. Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) are having a MSCs phenotype and they are differentiated into neuron, cardiomyocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, liver cells and β cells of islet of pancreas. Thus, DPSCs have shown great potentiality to use in regenerative medicine for treatment of various human diseases including dental related problems. These cells can also be developed into induced pluripotent stem cells by incorporation of pluripotency markers and use for regenerative therapies of various diseases. The DPSCs are derived from various dental tissues such as human exfoliated deciduous teeth, apical papilla, periodontal ligament and dental follicle tissue. This review will overview the information about isolation, cellular and molecular characterization and differentiation of DPSCs into various types of human cells and thus these cells have important applications in regenerative therapies for various diseases. This review will be most useful for postgraduate dental students as well as scientists working in the field of oral pathology and oral medicine.
文摘Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women mainly because of the propensity of primary breast tumors to metastasize. It is composed of heterogeneous cell populations with different biological properties. Breast cancer-initiating cells have been recently identified in breast carcinoma as CD44+/CD24-/low cells, which display stem cell like properties. In the present study, we have isolated breast cancer stem cells from non-metastasis tumor tissue, which is presently at passage 18 and designated as human Breast Cancer Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBCMSCs) line. These cells showed spindle shaped morphology and formed mammos-pheres as well as pluripotency clones indicating their stem cell nature. Molecular marker study confirmed mesenchymal nature as well as pluripotency, plasticity and oncogenicity of these cells. The hBCMSCs cell line may likely contain a heterogeneous population of malignant cells. Interestingly, we also found that these cells exhibit BRCA 2 mutation, which was found in Indian population. Overall, this study revealed that hBCMSCs cell line may represent a suitable in vitro model to study the mechanism of breast cancer which further leads to an identification of molecular targets for future breast cancer targeted therapy.
