Integrated Monitor System of Water and Fertilizer of Greenhouse Intelligent Irrigatio

The integration of water and fertilizer is a comprehensive technology combined irrigation and fertilizer, which has outstanding advantages of saving fertilizer, saving water, saving labor, protecting environment, high yield and high efficiency. Currently, most of the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization and irrigation operation in the production-based greenhouse is achieved relying on artificial experience, which is hard to achieve timely, scientific and intelligent irrigation. In this study, the application of STM32 embedded system realized the real-time collection of the data from the humidity sensors buried in top, middle and low depth of soil, and water and fertilizer integrated irrigation work was completed in the greenhouse through automatic control according to the predetermined fertilization and irrigation strategies for different crops. Moreover, the system had remote monitoring function, which used the global system for mobile （GSM） module to provide users with remote short message services, and therefore, the users could not only achieve the remote intelligent monitoring on the irrigation, light, ventilation of the greenhouse through short messages, but also could start and stop the remote control system operation, so as to realize the automatic management of the greenhouse environment, achieving the purpose of remote fertilization and water-saving irrigation.

ADAPTIVE ERROR-LIMITING METHOD SUITABLE FOR THE WALSH CODE SHUTTING MULTIPLEXING IN THE MINE MONITOR SYSTEM

Through the analysis for the process of Walsh modulation and demodula tion,the adaptive error-limiting method suitable for the Walsh code shutting multiplex ing in the mine monitor system is advanced in this article. It is proved by theoretical analysis and circuit experiments that this method is easy to carry out and can not only improve the quality of information transmission but also meet the requirement of the system patrol test time without the increasement of system investment.

High-precision and wide-range real-time neutron flux monitor system through multipoint linear calibration

The neutron flux monitor(NFM)system is an important diagnostic subsystem introduced by large nuclear fusion devices such as international thermonuclear experimental reactor(ITER),Japan torus-60,tokamak fusion test reactor,and HL-2 A.Neutron fluxes can provide real-time parameters for nuclear fusion,including neutron source intensity and fusion power.Corresponding to different nuclear reaction periods,neutron fluxes span over seven decades,thereby requiring electronic devices to operate in counting and Campbelling modes simultaneously.Therefore,it is crucial to design a real-time NFM system to encompass such a wide dynamic range.In this study,a high-precision NFM system with a wide measurement range of neutron flux is implemented using realtime multipoint linear calibration.It can automatically switch between counting and Campbelling modes with variations in the neutron flux.We established a testing platform to verify the feasibility of the NFM system,which can output the simulated neutron signal using an arbitrary waveform generator.Meanwhile,the accurate calibration interval of the Campbelling mode is defined well.Based on the above-mentioned design,the system satisfies the requirements,offering a dynamic range of 10~8 cps,temporal resolution of 1 ms,and maximal relative error of 4%measured at the signal-to-noise ratio of 15.8 dB.Additionally,the NFM system is verified in a field experiment involving HL-2 A,and the measured neutron flux is consistent with the results.

Development of readout electronics for bunch arrival-time monitor system at SXFEL

A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) system,based on electro-optical intensity modulation scheme, is under study at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser.The aim of the study is to achieve high-precision time measurement for minimizing bunch fluctuations. A readout electronics is developed to fulfill the requirements of the BAM system. The readout electronics is mainly composed of a signal conditioning circuit, field-programmable gate array(FPGA), mezzanine card(FMC150), and powerful FPGA carrier board. The signal conditioning circuit converts the laser pulses into electrical pulse signals using a photodiode. Thereafter, it performs splitting and low-noise amplification to achieve the best voltage sampling performance of the dual-channel analog-to-digital converter(ADC) in FMC150. The FMC150 ADC daughter card includes a 14-bit 250 Msps dual-channel high-speed ADC,a clock configuration, and a management module. The powerful FPGA carrier board is a commercial high-performance Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA evaluation board. To achieve clock and data alignment for ADC data capture at a high sampling rate, we used ISERDES, IDELAY, and dedicated carry-in resources in the Kintex-7 FPGA. This paper presents a detailed development of the readout electronics in the BAM system and its performance.

Monitor System for Protection Device Based on Embedded RTOS

For the purpose of the monitor system in digital protection, the embedded real-time operating system (RTOS) and the embedded GUI (Graphical User Interface) is introduced to design the monitor system. Combining the necessity and the application value of the operation system, the choice of embedded Linux and Qt/Embedded is completely viable for the monitor system in digital protection for generator-transformer sets. The design with embedded Linux and embedded GUI enriches system information, increases developing efficiency and improve the generality.

Smart Meter Development for Cloud-Based Home Electricity Monitor System

Αcloud-based home electricity data-monitoring system,which is based on an Arduino Mega controller,is proposed for monitoring the electricity consumption(electrical power)and power quality(PQ)in home.This system is also capable of monitoring the fundamental frequency and supply-voltage transients to ensure that the appliances operate in a safe operation range.The measured data(voltage and current)are transmitted through a Wi Fi device between the Arduino controller and server.The transmission control protocol(TCP)server is set up to acquire the high-data transmission rate.The server system immediately displays the calculated parameters and the waveform of the acquired signal.A comparison with a standard measurement device shows that the proposed system,which can be built at a low cost,exhibits the same functions as a factory product.

Digital Solution to Mining Image Monitor System

The thesis describes an advanced digital solution to mining digital image monitor system, which makes up the shortage of the traditional mining analog image monitor. It illustrates the system components and how to choose the encoder bandwidth of the system. The problem of image multicast and its solution in LAN are also discussed.

The control and monitor system for the BESⅢ ETOF/MRPC beam test

A test system is developed for the BESIII ETOF/MRPC beam tests of data acquisition, environment monitoring and automatic control. The software framework is based on the CAMAC bus, VME bus and Serial Port,which are responsible for communications with the detectors. The monitor system works well in the beam test.

Design of Control and Monitor System Applied in Artificial Grass Tufting Machine

Based on the control requirements of artificial grass tufting machine,an overall plan is proposed on control of CANopen bus.In the control system,on the basis of CoDeSys soft PLC technology of fieldbus control system,LMC20 realizes the communication by making CANopen bus connect with ATV71,OTB module and these underlying slave stations.The humanized operation interface is realized by touch screens and user-friendly application which is developed through CoDeSys,and detailed analysis of the monitor system and the principle and method of monitor system are also provided in the paper.

Design and Construction of Automatic Monitoring System for Open-pit Coal Mine Slopes

[Objectives]To monitor the stability of open-pit coal mine slopes in real time and ensure the safety of coal mine production.[Methods]The automatic monitoring system of coal mine slope was explored in depth,and the core functions of the system were designed comprehensively.According to the design function of the automatic monitoring system,the slope automatic monitoring system was constructed.Besides,in accordance with the actual situation of the slope,the monitoring frequency of slopes was set scientifically,and the key indicators such as rainfall,deep displacement and surface displacement of the slopes were monitored in an all-round and multi-angle way.[Results]During the monitoring period,the overall condition of the slope remained good,and no landslides or other geological disasters occurred.At the same time,the overall rainfall in the slope area remained low.In terms of monitoring data,the horizontal displacement and settlement of the slopes increased first and then tended to be stable.Specifically,the maximum horizontal displacement during the monitoring period was 22.74 mm,while the maximum settlement was 18.65 mm.[Conclusions]The automatic slope monitoring system has obtained remarkable achievements in practical application.It not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of slope stability monitoring,but also provides valuable reference experience for similar projects.

Value Function Mechanism in WSNs-Based Mango Plantation Monitoring System

Mango fruit is one of the main fruit commodities that contributes to Taiwan’s income.The implementation of technology is an alternative to increasing the quality and quantity of mango plantation product productivity.In this study,a Wireless Sensor Networks(“WSNs”)-based intelligent mango plantation monitoring system will be developed that implements deep reinforcement learning(DRL)technology in carrying out prediction tasks based on three classifications:“optimal,”“sub-optimal,”or“not-optimal”conditions based on three parameters including humidity,temperature,and soil moisture.The key idea is how to provide a precise decision-making mechanism in the real-time monitoring system.A value function-based will be employed to perform DRL model called deep Q-network(DQN)which contributes in optimizing the future reward and performing the precise decision recommendation to the agent and system behavior.The WSNs experiment result indicates the system’s accuracy by capturing the real-time environment parameters is 98.39%.Meanwhile,the results of comparative accuracy model experiments of the proposed DQN,individual Q-learning,uniform coverage(UC),and NaÏe Bayes classifier(NBC)are 97.60%,95.30%,96.50%,and 92.30%,respectively.From the results of the comparative experiment,it can be seen that the proposed DQN used in the study has themost optimal accuracy.Testing with 22 test scenarios for“optimal,”“sub-optimal,”and“not-optimal”conditions was carried out to ensure the system runs well in the real-world data.The accuracy percentage which is generated from the real-world data reaches 95.45%.Fromthe resultsof the cost analysis,the systemcanprovide a low-cost systemcomparedtothe conventional system.

Development of Spectral Features for Monitoring Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease Using Broad-Band Remote Sensing Systems

As an important rice disease, rice bacterial leaf blight (RBLB, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae), has become widespread in east China in recent years. Significant losses in rice yield occurred as a result ofthe disease’s epidemic, making it imperative to monitor RBLB at a large scale. With the development of remotesensing technology, the broad-band sensors equipped with red-edge channels over multiple spatial resolutionsoffer numerous available data for large-scale monitoring of rice diseases. However, RBLB is characterized by rapiddispersal under suitable conditions, making it difficult to track the disease at a regional scale with a single sensorin practice. Therefore, it is necessary to identify or construct features that are effective across different sensors formonitoring RBLB. To achieve this goal, the spectral response of RBLB was first analyzed based on the canopyhyperspectral data. Using the relative spectral response (RSR) functions of four representative satellite or UAVsensors (i.e., Sentinel-2, GF-6, Planet, and Rededge-M) and the hyperspectral data, the corresponding broad-bandspectral data was simulated. According to a thorough band combination and sensitivity analysis, two novel spectralindices for monitoring RBLB that can be effective across multiple sensors (i.e., RBBRI and RBBDI) weredeveloped. An optimal feature set that includes the two novel indices and a classical vegetation index was formed.The capability of such a feature set in monitoring RBLB was assessed via FLDA and SVM algorithms. The resultdemonstrated that both constructed novel indices exhibited high sensitivity to the disease across multiple sensors.Meanwhile, the feature set yielded an overall accuracy above 90% for all sensors, which indicates its cross-sensorgenerality in monitoring RBLB. The outcome of this research permits disease monitoring with different remotesensing data over a large scale.

Research on the monitoring system for induced voltage and ground current of 27.5 kV cable sheath in railways

Purpose–The purpose of this study is to address the deficiency in safety monitoring technology for 27.5 kV high-voltage cables within the railway traction power supply by analyzing the grounding methods employed in high-speed railways and developing an effective monitoring solution.Design/methodology/approach–Through establishing a mathematical model of induced potential in the cable sheath and analyzing its influencing factors,the principle of grounding current monitoring is proposed.Furthermore,the accuracy of data collection and alarm function of the monitoring equipment were verified through laboratory simulation experiments.Finally,through practical application in the traction substation of the railway bureau on site,a large amount of data were collected to verify the stability and reliability of the monitoring system in actual environments.Findings–The experimental results show that the designed monitoring system can effectively monitor the grounding current of high-voltage cables and respond promptly to changes in cable insulation status.The system performs excellently in terms of data collection accuracy,real-time performance and reliability of alarm functions.In addition,the on-site trial results further confirm the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring system in practical applications,providing strong technical support for the safe operation of highspeed railway traction power supply systems.Originality/value–This study innovatively develops a 27.5kV high-voltage cable grounding current monitoring system,which provides a new technical means for evaluating the insulation status of cables by accurately measuring the grounding current.The design,experimental verification and application of this system in high-speed railway traction power supply systems have demonstrated significant academic value and practical significance,contributing innovative solutions to the field of railway power supply safety monitoring.

Long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance in Adélie penguins:the Argentine Ecosystem Monitoring Program

In this work,we report long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at Martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Point/Cabo Funes,South Shetland Islands;and Esperanza/Hope Bay in the Antarctic Peninsula)from 1995/96 to 2022/23.Using yearly count data of breeding groups selected,we observed a decline in the number of breeding pairs and chicks in crèche at all colonies studied.However,the magnitude of change was higher at Stranger Point than that in the remaining colonies.Moreover,the index of breeding success,which was calculated as the ratio of chicks in crèche to breeding pairs,exhibited no apparent trend throughout the study period.However,it displayed greater variability at Martin Point compared to the other two colonies under investigation.Although the number of chicks in crèche of Adélie penguins showed a declining pattern,the average breeding performance was similar to that reported in gentoo penguin colonies,specifically,those undergoing a population increase(even in sympatric colonies facing similar local conditions).Consequently,it is plausible to assume a reduction of the over-winter survival as a likely cause of the declining trend observed,at least in the Stranger Point and Esperanza colonies.However,we cannot rule out local effects during the breeding season affecting the Adélie population of Martin Point.

Personalized Health Monitoring Systems: Integrating Wearable and AI

The integration of wearable technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized healthcare, enabling advanced personal health monitoring systems. This article explores the transformative impact of wearable technologies and AI on healthcare, highlighting the development and theoretical application of the Integrated Personal Health Monitoring System (IPHMS). By integrating data from various wearable devices, such as smartphones, Apple Watches, and Oura Rings, the IPHMS framework aims to revolutionize personal health monitoring through real-time alerts, comprehensive tracking, and personalized insights. Despite its potential, the practical implementation faces challenges, including data privacy, system interoperability, and scalability. The evolution of healthcare technology from traditional methods to AI-enhanced wearables underscores a significant advancement towards personalized care, necessitating further research and innovation to address existing limitations and fully realize the benefits of such integrated health monitoring systems.

Research on Smart Energy Monitoring and Management System Based on Digital Twin Technology

Smart energy monitoring and management system lays a foundation for the application and development of smart energy. However, in recent years, the work efficiency of smart energy development enterprises has generally been low, and there is an urgent need to improve the application efficiency, resilience and sustainability of smart energy monitoring and management system. Digital twin technology provides a data-centric solution to improve smart energy monitoring and management system, bringing an opportunity to transform passive infrastructure assets into data-centric systems. This paper expounds on the concept and key technologies of digital twin, and designs a smart energy monitoring and management system based on digital twin technology, which has dual significance for promoting the development of smart energy field and promoting the application of digital twin.

Automatic Monitoring System for 3-D Deformation of Crustal Fault Based on Laser and Machine Vision

An automatic monitoring method of the 3-D deformation is presented for crustal fault based on laser and machine vision. The laser source and screen are independently set up in the headwall and footwall, the collimated laser beam creates a circular spot on the screen, meanwhile, the industrial camera captures the tiny deformation of the crustal fault by monitoring the change of the spot position. This method significantly reduces the cost of equipment and labor, provides daily sampling to ensure high continuity of data. A prototype of the automatic monitoring system is developed, and a repeatability test indicates that the error of spot jitter can be minimized by consecutive samples. Meanwhile, the environmental correction model is determined to ensure that environmental changes do not disturb the system. Furthermore, the automatic monitoring system has been applied at the deformation monitoring station(KJX02) of China Beishan underground research laboratory, where continuous deformation monitoring is underway.

Research on a Comprehensive Monitoring System for Tunnel Operation based on the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence Identification Technology

This article proposes a comprehensive monitoring system for tunnel operation to address the risks associated with tunnel operations.These risks include safety control risks,increased traffic flow,extreme weather events,and movement of tectonic plates.The proposed system is based on the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence identification technology.The monitoring system will cover various aspects of tunnel operations,such as the slope of the entrance,the structural safety of the cave body,toxic and harmful gases that may appear during operation,excessively high and low-temperature humidity,poor illumination,water leakage or road water accumulation caused by extreme weather,combustion and smoke caused by fires,and more.The system will enable comprehensive monitoring and early warning of fire protection systems,accident vehicles,and overheating vehicles.This will effectively improve safety during tunnel operation.

Design of Intelligent Window Automatic Monitoring System Based on Microcontroller Control

To ensure the safety of residents’lives and property by using automatic opening and closing of ordinary windows,this article designs an intelligent window automatic monitoring system.The article proposes a software and hardware design scheme for the system,which comprises a microcontroller control module,temperature and humidity detection module,harmful gas detection module,rainfall detection module,human thermal radiation induction module,Organic Light-Emitting Diode(OLED)display module,stepper motor drive module,Wi-Fi communication module,etc.Users use this system to monitor environmental data such as temperature,humidity,rainfall,harmful gas concentrations,and human health.Users can control the opening and closing of windows through manual,microcontroller,and mobile application(app)remote methods,providing users with a more convenient,comfortable,and safe living environment.

Design of IoT-based Volatile Organic Compounds Monitoring System

Volatile organic compounds(VOC)gas detection devices based on semiconductor sensors have become a common method due to their low cost,simple principle,and small size.However,with the continuous development of materials science,various new materials have been applied in the fabrication of gas sensors,but these new materials have more stringent requirements for operating temperature,which cannot be met by existing sensor modules on the market.Therefore,this paper proposes a temperature-adjustable sensor module and designs an environmental monitoring system based on the STM32F103RET6 microprocessor.This system primarily utilizes multiple semiconductor gas sensors to monitor and record the concentrations of various harmful gases in different environments.It can also monitor real-time temperature,humidity,and latitude and longitude in the current environment,and upload the data to the Internet of Things via 4G communication.This system has the advantages of small size,portability,and low cost.Experimental results show that the sensor module can achieve precise control of operating temperature to a certain extent,with an average temperature error of approximately 3%.The monitoring system demonstrates a certain level of accuracy in detecting target gases and can promptly upload the data to a cloud platform for storage and processing.A comparison with professional testing equipment shows that the sensitivity curves of each sensor exhibit similarity.This study provides engineering and technical references for the application of VOC gas sensors.