英藏“谓语”比较与英文教学中Predicate一词藏译略考

我区实施"藏汉英三语"教育可谓喜忧参半,拉萨等城市虽取得显著成效,而偏远农牧区的藏族学生却因作为英文课堂媒介语的汉语基础薄弱,英文学习效果欠佳。因此,英藏双语的直接对比研究的缺乏,是导致农牧区英文教育处境艰难的重要原因。该文以英文教学为主体,旨在通过对英藏基础句法中"Predicate"一词的直接对比和语法术语的藏译探讨,望能解决农牧区藏族学生英文教学中的理解困扰。

英语谓语(Predicate)的概念功能

将谓语定义为"限定成分+谓体"。谓语动词具有概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能。本文只讨论谓语动词的概念功能。谓语动词的概念功能体现在及物性系统,语态和归一度三个方面。谓语是及物性系统的三要素之一,并且及物系统的六个过程是按照动词的种类来划分的;语态是由动词过程与哪一个参与者首先发生关系来决定的;归一度即肯定或否定的判断,是由谓语(限定成分)加否定副词(not)构成的。

Theory of Approximate Reasoning in Two-Valued Predicate Logic Based on the Quasi-truth Degrees

Based on the theory of the quasi-truth degrees in two-valued predicate logic, some researches on approximate reasoning are studied in this paper. The relation of the pseudo-metric between first-order formulae and the quasi-truth degrees of first-order formulae is discussed, and it is proved that there is no isolated point in the logic metric space (F, ρ ). Thus the pseudo-metric between first-order formulae is well defined to develop the study about approximate reasoning in the logic metric space (F, ρ ). Then, three different types of approximate reasoning patterns are proposed, and their equivalence under some condition is proved. This work aims at filling in the blanks of approximate reasoning in quantitative predicate logic.

Predicate Oriented Pattern Analysis for Biomedical Knowledge Discovery

In the current biomedical data movement, numerous efforts have been made to convert and normalize a large number of traditional structured and unstructured data (e.g., EHRs, reports) to semi-structured data (e.g., RDF, OWL). With the increasing number of semi-structured data coming into the biomedical community, data integration and knowledge discovery from heterogeneous domains become important research problem. In the application level, detection of related concepts among medical ontologies is an important goal of life science research. It is more crucial to figure out how different concepts are related within a single ontology or across multiple ontologies by analysing predicates in different knowledge bases. However, the world today is one of information explosion, and it is extremely difficult for biomedical researchers to find existing or potential predicates to perform linking among cross domain concepts without any support from schema pattern analysis. Therefore, there is a need for a mechanism to do predicate oriented pattern analysis to partition heterogeneous ontologies into closer small topics and do query generation to discover cross domain knowledge from each topic. In this paper, we present such a model that predicates oriented pattern analysis based on their close relationship and generates a similarity matrix. Based on this similarity matrix, we apply an innovated unsupervised learning algorithm to partition large data sets into smaller and closer topics and generate meaningful queries to fully discover knowledge over a set of interlinked data sources. We have implemented a prototype system named BmQGen and evaluate the proposed model with colorectal surgical cohort from the Mayo Clinic.

A Contrastive Analysis of Subject and Predicate in English and Chinese

Respectively belonging to different language families,English and Chinese naturally have many differences in morphology and syntax.This paper intends to give a contrastive analysis of subject and predicate in English and Chinese,focusing on differences of subject and predicate usages in the two languages,and the problems they cause for Chinese students in English learning and translation.

Functionality Semantics of Predicate Data Flow Diagram

SOZL (structured methodology + object-oriented methodology + Z language) is a language that attempts to integrate structured method, object-oriented method and formal method. The core of this language is predicate data flow diagram (PDFD). In order to eliminate the ambiguity of predicate data flow diagrams and their associated textual specifications, a formalization of the syntax and semantics of predicate data flow diagrams is necessary. In this paper we use Z notation to define an abstract syntax and the related structural constraints for the PDFD notation, and provide it with an axiomatic semantics based on the concept of data availability and functionality of predicate operation. Finally, an example is given to establish functionality consistent decomposition on hierarchical PDFD (HPDFD).

Application of the Constrained Predicated Nets and Interval Logic to Production Systems

A method to model and analyze the hybrid systems is presented. The time to be considered in the plant is taken as an explicit parameter through the constrained predicated net (CPN). The CPN's basic structure is a Petri net with predicated transition. All components of the net are expressed by annotation which is defined on rational set Q. The analysis method for the plant is interval temporal logic represented by Petri nets. This paper combines the above two methods to synthesize the hybrid system, gives a simple and clear expression of the expected action of the studied plant.

MECHANISM FOR THE EFFECTS OF MONO-VALENT CATIONS ON ^(23)Na NMR

The effects of mono-valent cations, Li^+, K^+, Rb^+, Cs^+ and NH_4^+, on ^(23)Na NMR were investigated. It was found that the chemical shifts for Na^+ signal shifted downfield with the increase in the relative amounts of monovalent cations. It was suggested that mono-valent cations had competition coordination with Na^+ for Dy(PPP)_2^(7-).

Applying First Order Predicate to the Semantic Query of Chinese

This paper described an approach to make inferences on Chinese information using first order predicate logic, which could be used in the semantic query of Chinese. The predicates of the method were derived from the natural language using rule based LFT, the axiom set was generated by extracting lexicon knowledge from HowNet, and the first order predicate inferences were made through symbol connection of center words. After all these were done, the evaluation and possible improvements of the method were provided. The experiment result shows a higher precision rate than that traditional methods can reach.

A Study of Nominal Predicate Sentences Under the Framework of Cognitive Grammar

Cognitive grammar,as a linguistic theory that attaches importance to the relationship between language and thinking,provides us with a more comprehensive way to understand the structure,semantics and cognitive processing of noun predicate sentences.Therefore,under the framework of cognitive grammar,this paper tries to analyze the semantic connection and cognitive process in noun predicate sentences from the semantic perspective and the method of example theory,and discusses the motivation of the formation of this construction,so as to provide references for in-depth analysis of the cognitive laws behind noun predicate sentences.

Prediction of compressive strength of cement mortars with fly ash and activated coal gangue

The pozzolanic activity of coal gangue, which is calcining at 500 to 1 000 ℃, differs distinctly. The simplex-centroid design with upper and lower bounds of component proportion is adopted to study the compressive strength of mortars made with ternary blends of cement, activated coal gangue and fly ash. Based on the results of a minimum of seven design points, three special cubic polynomial models are used to establish the strength predicating equations at different ages for mortars. Five experimental checkpoints were also designed to verify the precision of the equations. The most frequent errors of the predicted values are within 3%. A simple and practical way is provided for determining the optimal proportion of two admixtures when they are used in concrete.

Joint multivariate statistical model and its applications to synthetic earthquake predic-tion

针对目前地震综合预报中的一些问题，利用近30年来迅速发展的多元统计分析中主成分分析、判别分析组成多元统计组合模型，在众多的地震预报指标(预报因子)中采用信息最大化方法，选择对中期预测信息累积贡献率大于90％地震预报指标，分别进行相关分析、预测、检验，最终应用马氏距离判别作外推综合预报；并以华北地区(30°～42°N，108°125°E)为例进行模型的应用检验，初步研究已取得了较好的效果．

Predication of Fhhh potential in PTA wastewater treatment

Ebis is the intelligent environmental biotechnological informatics software developed for judging the effectiveness of the microorganism strain in the industrial wastewater treatment system(IWTS) at the optimal status. The parameter, as the objective function for the judgment, is the minimum reactor volume( V _ min ) calculated by Ebis for microorganism required in wastewater treatment. The rationality and the universality of Ebis were demonstrated in the domestic sewage treatment system(DSTS) with the data published in USA and China at first,then Fhhh strain's potential for treating the purified terephthalic acid(PTA) was proved. It suggests that Ebis would be useful and universal for predicating the technique effectiveness in both DSTS and IWTS.

Predication of plasma concentration of remifentanil based on Elman neural network

Due to the nature of ultra-short-acting opioid remifentanil of high time-varying,complex compartment model and low-accuracy of plasma concentration prediction,the traditional estimation method of population pharmacokinetics parameters,nonlinear mixed effects model(NONMEM),has the abuses of tedious work and plenty of man-made jamming factors.The Elman feedback neural network was built.The relationships between the patients’plasma concentration of remifentanil and time,patient’age,gender,lean body mass,height,body surface area,sampling time,total dose,and injection rate through network training were obtained to predict the plasma concentration of remifentanil,and after that,it was compared with the results of NONMEM algorithm.In conclusion,the average error of Elman network is 6.34%,while that of NONMEM is 18.99%.The absolute average error of Elman network is 27.07%,while that of NONMEM is 38.09%.The experimental results indicate that Elman neural network could predict the plasma concentration of remifentanil rapidly and stably,with high accuracy and low error.For the characteristics of simple principle and fast computing speed,this method is suitable to data analysis of short-acting anesthesia drug population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics.

Viscosity profile prediction of a heavy crude oil during lifting in two deep artesian wells

It has been known that the productivity of artesian wells is strongly dependent on the rheological properties of crude oils. This work targets two deep artesian wells(>5000 m) that are producing heavy crude oil. The impacts of well conditions including temperature, pressure and shear rate, on the crude oil rheology were comprehensively investigated and correlated using several empirical rheological models. The experimental data indicate that this heavy oil is very sensitive to temperature as result of microstructure change caused by hydrogen bonding. The rheological behavior of the heavy oil is also significantly impacted by the imposed pressure, i.e., the viscosity flow activation energy(Eμ) gently increases with the increasing pressure. The viscosity–shear rate data are well fitted to the power law model at low temperature. However, due to the transition of fluid feature at high temperature(Newtonian fluid), the measured viscosity was found to slightly deviate from the fitting data. Combining the evaluated correlations, the viscosity profile of the heavy crude oil in these two deep artesian wells as a function of well depth was predicted using the oilfield producing data.

Prediction and Control of Wrinkle and Fracture for Stamping Regular Polygonal Box

Based on the deformation characteristic of regular polygonal box stamped parts and the superfluous triangle material wrinkle model,the criterion of regular polygonal box stamped parts without wrinkle was deduced and used to predict and control the wrinkle limit.According to the fracture model,the criterion of regular polygonal box stamped parts without fracture was deduced and used to predict and control the fracture limit.Combining the criterion for stamping without wrinkle with that without fracture,the stamping criterion of regular polygonal box stamped parts was obtained to predict and control the stamping limit.Taken the stainless steel0Cr18Ni9(SUS304)sheet and the square box stamped part as examples,the limit diagram was given to predict and control the wrinkle,fracture and stamping limits.It is suitable for the deep drawing without flange,the deep drawing and stretching combined forming with flange and the rigid punch stretching of plane blank.The limit deep-drawing coefficient and the minimum deep-drawing coefficient can be determined,and the appropriate BHF(blank holder force)and the deep-drawing force can be chosen.These provide a reference for the technology planning,the die and mold design and the equipment determination,and a new criterion evaluating sheet stamping formability,which predicts and controls the stamping process,can be applied to the deep drawing under constant or variable BHF conditions.

Location Prediction of Blind Ore bodies in Shuijingtun Gold Mine, Zhangjiakou, China

By analyzing the metallogenic conditions and prospecting marks of F 8 fault belt in Shiujingtun Gold Mine, the geochemical samples were collected along F 8 fault belt and prospecting profile normal to the F 8 fault belt. Gold and its indicator elements were tested with X ray fluorescence spectrometry and the content distribution diagram of Au, Ag, Hg and As along the F 8 fault belt was performed. The geochemical primary halo model and the Grey system model of F 8 fault belt are established. With these element distribution features and models, the blind ore bodies in the F 8 fault belt were predicted. Engineering prospect shows that the industrial orebodies have been discovered and the prediction results are dependable.

Predication of Atmospheric VLE for the Ternary System Dimethyl Carbonate-Methanol-Furfural by Using the Wilson Equation

The vapor-liquid equilibrium of Dimethyl Carbonate-Methanol-Furfural under atmospheric pressure from DMC-CH 3OH,DMCC 5H 4O 2,CH 3OH-C 5H 4O 2 binary systematic VLE data is calculated,by using C ++(VC6.0) programming language and Wilson equation.It provided important VLE data to set up mathematic models of extraction-rectifying separation of DMC and methanol by using furfural as extraction reagent.So the results can be used for chemical engineering calculation.

Proteomic and metabolic prediction of response to therapy in gastric cancer

Several new treatment options for gastric cancer have been introduced but the prognosis of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer is still poor. Disease prognosis could be improved for high-risk individuals by implementing earlier screenings. Because many patients are asymptomatic during the early stages of gastric cancer,the diagnosis is often delayed and patients present with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Cytotoxic treatment has been shown to prolong survival in general,but not all patients are responders. The application of targeted therapies and multimodal treatment has improved prognosis for those with advanced disease.However,these new therapeutic strategies do not uniformly benefit all patients.Predicting whether patients will respond to specific therapies would be of particular value and would allow for stratifying patients for personalized treatment strategies.Metabolic imaging by positron emission tomography was the first technique with the potential to predict the response of esophagogastric cancer to neoadjuvant therapy.Exploring and validating tissue-based biomarkers are ongoing processes.In this review,we discuss the status of several targeted therapies for gastric cancer,as well as proteomic and metabolic methods for investigating biomarkers for therapy response prediction in gastric cancer.