In order to study the role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the intra-peri- toneal adhesion formation, 23 infertile patients undergoing laparoscopic operation were divided into two groups: experimental gr...In order to study the role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the intra-peri- toneal adhesion formation, 23 infertile patients undergoing laparoscopic operation were divided into two groups: experimental group including 12 patients with intra-peritoneal adhesion and control group including 11 patients without intra-peritoneal adhesion. Peritoneal fluid (PF) and peritoneum were collected from these patients during laparoscopic examination. The expression levels of MCP-1 protein and MCP-1 mRNA were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dot blot analysis method respectively. It was found that the levels of MCP-l protein in PF of the patients with peritoneal adhesion were significantly higher than in the control group (0.44±0. 11 ng/ ml vs 0. 19±0.09 ng/ml respectively, P<0. 01). The level of MCP-l mRNA in the peritoneum of the patients with peritoneal adhesion was significantly higher than in the control group (48. 61±3. 72 vs 19.87±2.54 respectively, P<0. 01). It was suggested that MCP-1 might play a role in the adhe- sion formation, and chemotactic cytokines expressing in the peritoneal mesothelial cells might be take part in the process.展开更多
Background Epidemiological studies have shown that both active and passive cigarette smoking increase the risk of atherosclerosis. But very little is known about the biological processes induced by passive cigarette s...Background Epidemiological studies have shown that both active and passive cigarette smoking increase the risk of atherosclerosis. But very little is known about the biological processes induced by passive cigarette smoking that contribute to atherosclerosis. We observe the expression of a few of biological and inflammatory markers in human arterial walls in vitro which were treated with the second-hand smoke solution （sidestream whole, SSW）, and discuss the possible mechanism of inflammatory injury induced by second-hand smoke. Methods The biological markers （platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-I, PECAM-1; a-smooth muscle actin, a-SMA; collagen IV, Col IV） and inflammatory markers （vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1 ; interleukin-8, IL-8） of human aortat wall were tested by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 mRNA expression were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results No distinct difference was observed between SSW and the control group on the expression of biological markers as assessed by the light microscope. But the inflammatory markers VCAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-8 on the subendothelial layer and smooth muscle cell layers, which are near the endothelium of arterial wall, were strongly stained in the SSW group compared with the control group. Their fluorescence intensities in the 1：40 SSW group （VCAM-1： 0.35±0.04, MCP-1： 0.34±0.05, IL-8： 0.37±0.05） and the 1：20 SSW group （VCAM-I： 0.40±0.04, MCP-1： 0.52±0.09, IL-8： 0.51±0.07） were significantly stronger than the control group （VCAM-1： 0.12±0.04, MCP-1： 0.06±0.02, IL-8： 0.24±0.03） by semi-quantitative analysis of immunofluorescence （P 〈0.001 vs control）. MCP-1 mRNA expression in the 1：40 SSW （0.15±0.04） and the 1：20 SSW （0.19±0.06） group was significantly higher than in the control group （0.09±0.03） （P 〈0.05, P 〈0.01 vs control）; IL-8 mRNA expression in the 1：40 SSW （0.64±0.12） and 1：20 SSW （0.72±0.13） groups was also significantly higher than that in the control group （0.49±0.13） （P 〈0.05, P 〈0.01 vs control） by RT-PCR. Conclusions It is implied that a second-hand smoke solution induces the inflammatory reaction of the arterial wall by release of inflammatory factors even though there is no distinct structural change on the arterial walls under light microscope, indicating that passive cigarette smoking is related to inflammatory injury in human arterial wall and could be closely related to the early inflammatory stage of atherosclerosis.展开更多
Objective Despite accumulating evidence on a role of immune cells and their associated chemicals in mecha- nisms of pain, few studies have addressed the potential role of chemokines in the descending facilitation of p...Objective Despite accumulating evidence on a role of immune cells and their associated chemicals in mecha- nisms of pain, few studies have addressed the potential role of chemokines in the descending facilitation of persistent pain. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the chemokine （C-C motif） ligand 2 （CCL2） （commonly known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1） signaling in the rostral ventromedial medulla （RVM）, a pivotal structure in brainstem pain modulatory circuitry, is involved in descending pain facilitation in rats. Methods An L5 spinal nerve ligation （SNL） was produced in rats under pentobarbital anesthesia. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of CCL2 and CCL2 receptor （CCR2）, and examine their distributions compared with the neuronal marker NeuN as well as glial markers glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP, astroglial） and CD 11 b （microglial）, respectively. Results SNL induced an increase in CCL2 expression in the RVM, and this returned to the control level at 4 weeks after injury. The induced CCL2 colocalized with NeuN, but not with GFAP and CD1 lb. CCR2 was also upregu- lated by SNL in the RVM, and this increase lasted for at least 4 weeks. CCR2 was colocalized with CD1 lb but not GFAP. Few RVM neurons also exhibited CCR2 staining. Neutralizing CCL2 with an anti-CCL2 antibody （0.2-20 ng） or injecting RS-102895 （0.1-10 pmol）, a CCR2b chemokine receptor antagonist, into the RVM on day 1 after SNL, significantly at- tenuated the established thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. In addition, injection of recombinant rat CCL2 （0.03-3 pmol） into the RVM induced dose-dependent hyperalgesia, which was prevented by pretreatment with RS-102895 （10 pmol）. Interleukin-β （IL-1]3）, a potent inducer of neuronal CCL2, was also selectively upregulated in RVM reactive as- trocytes. Injection of IL-1 ]3 （120 fmol） into the RVM induced behavioral hyperalgesia, which was blocked by RS-102895 （10 pmol）. However, an IL-1 receptor antagonist （3 pmol） did not prevent CCL2 （3 pmol）-induced hyperalgesia. These results suggest that the effect of CCL2 is downstream to IL-113 signaling. Conclusion The IL-1 β and CCL2-CCR2 signaling cascades play a role in neuron-glia-cytokine interactions and the descending facilitation of neuropathic pain.展开更多
文摘In order to study the role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the intra-peri- toneal adhesion formation, 23 infertile patients undergoing laparoscopic operation were divided into two groups: experimental group including 12 patients with intra-peritoneal adhesion and control group including 11 patients without intra-peritoneal adhesion. Peritoneal fluid (PF) and peritoneum were collected from these patients during laparoscopic examination. The expression levels of MCP-1 protein and MCP-1 mRNA were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dot blot analysis method respectively. It was found that the levels of MCP-l protein in PF of the patients with peritoneal adhesion were significantly higher than in the control group (0.44±0. 11 ng/ ml vs 0. 19±0.09 ng/ml respectively, P<0. 01). The level of MCP-l mRNA in the peritoneum of the patients with peritoneal adhesion was significantly higher than in the control group (48. 61±3. 72 vs 19.87±2.54 respectively, P<0. 01). It was suggested that MCP-1 might play a role in the adhe- sion formation, and chemotactic cytokines expressing in the peritoneal mesothelial cells might be take part in the process.
文摘Background Epidemiological studies have shown that both active and passive cigarette smoking increase the risk of atherosclerosis. But very little is known about the biological processes induced by passive cigarette smoking that contribute to atherosclerosis. We observe the expression of a few of biological and inflammatory markers in human arterial walls in vitro which were treated with the second-hand smoke solution （sidestream whole, SSW）, and discuss the possible mechanism of inflammatory injury induced by second-hand smoke. Methods The biological markers （platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-I, PECAM-1; a-smooth muscle actin, a-SMA; collagen IV, Col IV） and inflammatory markers （vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1 ; interleukin-8, IL-8） of human aortat wall were tested by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 mRNA expression were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results No distinct difference was observed between SSW and the control group on the expression of biological markers as assessed by the light microscope. But the inflammatory markers VCAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-8 on the subendothelial layer and smooth muscle cell layers, which are near the endothelium of arterial wall, were strongly stained in the SSW group compared with the control group. Their fluorescence intensities in the 1：40 SSW group （VCAM-1： 0.35±0.04, MCP-1： 0.34±0.05, IL-8： 0.37±0.05） and the 1：20 SSW group （VCAM-I： 0.40±0.04, MCP-1： 0.52±0.09, IL-8： 0.51±0.07） were significantly stronger than the control group （VCAM-1： 0.12±0.04, MCP-1： 0.06±0.02, IL-8： 0.24±0.03） by semi-quantitative analysis of immunofluorescence （P 〈0.001 vs control）. MCP-1 mRNA expression in the 1：40 SSW （0.15±0.04） and the 1：20 SSW （0.19±0.06） group was significantly higher than in the control group （0.09±0.03） （P 〈0.05, P 〈0.01 vs control）; IL-8 mRNA expression in the 1：40 SSW （0.64±0.12） and 1：20 SSW （0.72±0.13） groups was also significantly higher than that in the control group （0.49±0.13） （P 〈0.05, P 〈0.01 vs control） by RT-PCR. Conclusions It is implied that a second-hand smoke solution induces the inflammatory reaction of the arterial wall by release of inflammatory factors even though there is no distinct structural change on the arterial walls under light microscope, indicating that passive cigarette smoking is related to inflammatory injury in human arterial wall and could be closely related to the early inflammatory stage of atherosclerosis.
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NS059028,NS060735, DE011964, DE021804, and DE018573)
文摘Objective Despite accumulating evidence on a role of immune cells and their associated chemicals in mecha- nisms of pain, few studies have addressed the potential role of chemokines in the descending facilitation of persistent pain. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the chemokine （C-C motif） ligand 2 （CCL2） （commonly known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1） signaling in the rostral ventromedial medulla （RVM）, a pivotal structure in brainstem pain modulatory circuitry, is involved in descending pain facilitation in rats. Methods An L5 spinal nerve ligation （SNL） was produced in rats under pentobarbital anesthesia. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of CCL2 and CCL2 receptor （CCR2）, and examine their distributions compared with the neuronal marker NeuN as well as glial markers glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP, astroglial） and CD 11 b （microglial）, respectively. Results SNL induced an increase in CCL2 expression in the RVM, and this returned to the control level at 4 weeks after injury. The induced CCL2 colocalized with NeuN, but not with GFAP and CD1 lb. CCR2 was also upregu- lated by SNL in the RVM, and this increase lasted for at least 4 weeks. CCR2 was colocalized with CD1 lb but not GFAP. Few RVM neurons also exhibited CCR2 staining. Neutralizing CCL2 with an anti-CCL2 antibody （0.2-20 ng） or injecting RS-102895 （0.1-10 pmol）, a CCR2b chemokine receptor antagonist, into the RVM on day 1 after SNL, significantly at- tenuated the established thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. In addition, injection of recombinant rat CCL2 （0.03-3 pmol） into the RVM induced dose-dependent hyperalgesia, which was prevented by pretreatment with RS-102895 （10 pmol）. Interleukin-β （IL-1]3）, a potent inducer of neuronal CCL2, was also selectively upregulated in RVM reactive as- trocytes. Injection of IL-1 ]3 （120 fmol） into the RVM induced behavioral hyperalgesia, which was blocked by RS-102895 （10 pmol）. However, an IL-1 receptor antagonist （3 pmol） did not prevent CCL2 （3 pmol）-induced hyperalgesia. These results suggest that the effect of CCL2 is downstream to IL-113 signaling. Conclusion The IL-1 β and CCL2-CCR2 signaling cascades play a role in neuron-glia-cytokine interactions and the descending facilitation of neuropathic pain.
