Background:Cognitive assessments,such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),use components that assume intact sensory abilities,however,adults show concomitant decreases in visual acuity with increasing age.Score...Background:Cognitive assessments,such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),use components that assume intact sensory abilities,however,adults show concomitant decreases in visual acuity with increasing age.Scores on cognitive assessments are typically lower for individuals with visual impairments compared to individuals with normal/corrected to normal vision.But it is not clear if lowers scores on cognitive assessments are due to the assessments relying on visual stimuli,or if individuals with visual impairments are actually more likely to have cognitive impairments.Therefore we simulated visual impairments,i.e.,reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity,in young healthy adults to determine how this impacts their scores on a measure of cognitive ability,i.e.,the MoCA.Methods:Participants(n=19)completed one of the three version of the MoCA under three conditions(20/20,simulated 20/80,simulated 20/200).The MoCA was administered following the clinical protocols.Only participants that scored>26(i.e.,normal cognitive function)at 20/20 were included in the analysis.For comparison,we included MoCA data from a sample of older adults with normal vision(n=19,Mage=74,Acuity M=0.04 logMAR,SD=0.16)or visual impairment(n=19,Mage=79,Acuity M=0.35 logMAR,SD=0.3).Results:Acuity of participants at 20/20(M=0.06 LogMAR,SD=0.1),simulated 20/80(M=0.63,SD=0.18)and simulated 20/200(M=0.88,SD=0.19)showed that the participants experienced simulated acuity loss with the goggles.For the MoCA scores,we found a main effect of acuity(F=16.22,P<0.001,η2=0.375,BF10=5,618).Planned post hoc comparisons showed a significant difference between scores with a 20/20 acuity(M=27.26,SD=0.93)and 20/80(M=24.74,SD=1.66,t=5.62,ptukey<0.001,d=1.88),and between 20/20 and 20/200(M=25.63,SD=1.46,t=3.63,ptukey=0.002,Cohen’s d=1.33).However,no difference was observed between 20/80 and 20/200(t=−1.99,ptukey=0.125,d=0.572).The MoCA scores in older adults with normal vision(M=27.32,SD=2.41)and with visual impairment(M=26.68,SD=2.52),did not differ significantly(t36=−0.787,P=0.436,d=0.26,BF10=0.4).Conclusions:Our findings show that simulated reductions in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity lead to lower scores on measures of cognitive ability,specifically the MoCA.However,it appears that older adults with actual visual impairments may have developed compensatory strategies to adapt to this loss in visual acuity as there were no significant differences in scores of older adults with and without visual impairments.Therefore,we would recommend that when assessing an individual with visual impairments to conduct the cognitive test by re-scoring it without the visual components,e.g.,the MoCA Blind,to magnify the visual components,or to substitue the visual component when possible using auditory alternatives,e.g.,the oral trail making task.展开更多
目的观察不同年龄段的轻度阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者在蒙特利尔认知评估量表基本版(the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic,MoCA-B)各亚项的得分有无差异。方法选取2017年1月至12月首都医科大学附属复兴医院神经内...目的观察不同年龄段的轻度阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者在蒙特利尔认知评估量表基本版(the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic,MoCA-B)各亚项的得分有无差异。方法选取2017年1月至12月首都医科大学附属复兴医院神经内科门诊、住院患者及周边社区居民,诊断为轻度AD者286例,根据受试者年龄,分为3组:51~60岁(57例),61~70岁(112例),71~80岁(117例)。完成简易精神状态量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)和MoCA-B。结果 3组轻度AD患者的性别、受教育程度、MMSE得分、MoCA-B总分差异均无统计学意义。MoCA-B各亚项比较上,抽象推理、词语延迟回忆在3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。词语延迟回忆在3组中呈现60岁以下组得分(0.5±1.0)略高于60岁以上组得分(0.1±0.4),但因平均分均在1分以内,差异虽有统计学意义但无临床指导意义。抽象推理能力在60岁以上组得分明显高于51~60岁组,两两比较的结果,51~60岁组与61~70岁组比较,及51~60岁组与71~80岁组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床上在动态观察轻度AD的MoCA-B总分变化时,还应注意一些认知域亚项的结果可能与年龄相关,特别是抽象推理能力部分。展开更多
文摘Background:Cognitive assessments,such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),use components that assume intact sensory abilities,however,adults show concomitant decreases in visual acuity with increasing age.Scores on cognitive assessments are typically lower for individuals with visual impairments compared to individuals with normal/corrected to normal vision.But it is not clear if lowers scores on cognitive assessments are due to the assessments relying on visual stimuli,or if individuals with visual impairments are actually more likely to have cognitive impairments.Therefore we simulated visual impairments,i.e.,reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity,in young healthy adults to determine how this impacts their scores on a measure of cognitive ability,i.e.,the MoCA.Methods:Participants(n=19)completed one of the three version of the MoCA under three conditions(20/20,simulated 20/80,simulated 20/200).The MoCA was administered following the clinical protocols.Only participants that scored>26(i.e.,normal cognitive function)at 20/20 were included in the analysis.For comparison,we included MoCA data from a sample of older adults with normal vision(n=19,Mage=74,Acuity M=0.04 logMAR,SD=0.16)or visual impairment(n=19,Mage=79,Acuity M=0.35 logMAR,SD=0.3).Results:Acuity of participants at 20/20(M=0.06 LogMAR,SD=0.1),simulated 20/80(M=0.63,SD=0.18)and simulated 20/200(M=0.88,SD=0.19)showed that the participants experienced simulated acuity loss with the goggles.For the MoCA scores,we found a main effect of acuity(F=16.22,P<0.001,η2=0.375,BF10=5,618).Planned post hoc comparisons showed a significant difference between scores with a 20/20 acuity(M=27.26,SD=0.93)and 20/80(M=24.74,SD=1.66,t=5.62,ptukey<0.001,d=1.88),and between 20/20 and 20/200(M=25.63,SD=1.46,t=3.63,ptukey=0.002,Cohen’s d=1.33).However,no difference was observed between 20/80 and 20/200(t=−1.99,ptukey=0.125,d=0.572).The MoCA scores in older adults with normal vision(M=27.32,SD=2.41)and with visual impairment(M=26.68,SD=2.52),did not differ significantly(t36=−0.787,P=0.436,d=0.26,BF10=0.4).Conclusions:Our findings show that simulated reductions in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity lead to lower scores on measures of cognitive ability,specifically the MoCA.However,it appears that older adults with actual visual impairments may have developed compensatory strategies to adapt to this loss in visual acuity as there were no significant differences in scores of older adults with and without visual impairments.Therefore,we would recommend that when assessing an individual with visual impairments to conduct the cognitive test by re-scoring it without the visual components,e.g.,the MoCA Blind,to magnify the visual components,or to substitue the visual component when possible using auditory alternatives,e.g.,the oral trail making task.
文摘目的观察不同年龄段的轻度阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者在蒙特利尔认知评估量表基本版(the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic,MoCA-B)各亚项的得分有无差异。方法选取2017年1月至12月首都医科大学附属复兴医院神经内科门诊、住院患者及周边社区居民,诊断为轻度AD者286例,根据受试者年龄,分为3组:51~60岁(57例),61~70岁(112例),71~80岁(117例)。完成简易精神状态量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)和MoCA-B。结果 3组轻度AD患者的性别、受教育程度、MMSE得分、MoCA-B总分差异均无统计学意义。MoCA-B各亚项比较上,抽象推理、词语延迟回忆在3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。词语延迟回忆在3组中呈现60岁以下组得分(0.5±1.0)略高于60岁以上组得分(0.1±0.4),但因平均分均在1分以内,差异虽有统计学意义但无临床指导意义。抽象推理能力在60岁以上组得分明显高于51~60岁组,两两比较的结果,51~60岁组与61~70岁组比较,及51~60岁组与71~80岁组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床上在动态观察轻度AD的MoCA-B总分变化时,还应注意一些认知域亚项的结果可能与年龄相关,特别是抽象推理能力部分。
