A Cosmological Neuroscientific Examination of Bertrand Russell’s Essays on Religion and Related Subjects

This work examined Bertrand Russell’s main arguments against the existence of God and his strongly negative opinion on the historic role of religions.These arguments were:(1)The idea that God is a First Cause is invalid because the cosmos doesn’t have to have a beginning;(2)If there were reasons for God to issue the observed natural laws and not others then God Himself was just an intermediary of older laws;(3)Considering all the defects of the world one cannot consider God as an omnipotent designer;(4)If God created both right and wrong then it is no longer a significant statement that God is good;And(5)most people believe in God just because they have been taught from early infancy to do it.The criticisms of cosmological neuroscience were as follows:(1)The particular cosmic wave that carries our Universe could have a beginning;(2)Although there were reasons for the natural laws which God issued,it cannot diminish the divine creativity of this act;(3)Although the world is indeed full of defects,they are as much parts of the cosmic order as its splendors,due to their common roots in the Law of Coexistence in Diversity;(4)Although right and wrong may ultimately be both in God’s blueprint,He is still benevolent due to the Law of Divine-Evil Asymmetry permitting wrong only under the dominance of right;And(5)although many believe in God only because they were taught to do so and hope it provides safety,this is an oversimplification unable to explain the genuine Faith of others.The devastating judgement of Russel that religions have been just“a source of untold misery to the human race”was also examined.This brief article could not detail all the positive social changes with which the religions of goodness(e.g.,Abrahamic religions)enriched history,such as introducing the respect for human life.But the paper did remind the reader of the God-inspired work of Lao Tzu,Rumi,Michelangelo,the Bach-interpreting Leonard Bernstein,Mother Teresa,Martin Luther King Jr.,George Harrison and others including the architects of the Borobudur temple and astronauts like Frank Borman who read from the Bible while flying around the Moon.The paper ended with the central thought of Bertrand Russell that“The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge”,to emphasize that if committed to their Conscience atheists like him can live as moral lives as the men and women of Faith—the difference is being nothing else than sensing or not the Soul that permeates the cosmos.

Exploring the Path of Implementing the Home-School Co-education Model from the Perspective of Moral Education Field

As a social psychological field derived from the concept of physical field,the moral education field plays a very important role in guiding the construction of a home-school co-education model.In this paper,by analyzing the internal power system of the moral education field,with a policy oriented approach and combined with contemporary factors,it aims to empower the traditional home-school co-education model.Only by combining home education and school education,supplemented by social policy guidance,strengthening the construction of the"trinity"community,creating a harmonious and stable ecological interactive moral education field,expanding the path of home-school cooperation,strengthening the boundary of home and school responsibility,and innovating the form of home-school co-education,can it support the bright future of education.

On Evaluating University Teachers’ Morality and Ethics in the New Era

University teachers play an important role in promoting moral and political education among university students.Regular and long-term construction of teachers’morality and ethics will contribute to the success of the fundamental task of cultivating talents.The present study proposes that due to the multiple identities of university teachers,it is necessary to evaluate the construction of teachers’morality and ethics in terms of what to evaluate and how to evaluate?It is expected that the attempt will provide useful guidance for the construction of university teachers’morality and ethics.

Moral Perspective as Depicted in the Archetypes on Divine-Human Perspective of Dianshizhai Pictorial

This article examines the archetypes related to the divine-human perspective in the Dianshizhai Pictorial and uses the basic theory of“Myth-Archetype Criticism”to analyze the concepts of moral perspective and the view of cause and effect reflected in the text.It summarizes the interactive modes and various archetypes of cause and effect in three contexts:gods to humans,humans to gods,and humans to humans,explores the social reality and the relevant views of moral perspective and causality reflected in the illustrated magazine,and reveals the archetype foundation of the narrative of moral perspective retribution in Dianshizhai Pictorial in the three dimensions of psychology,literature,and society.

An Empirical Study on Students’Evaluation of Moral Education in Foreign Language Education in China

Students’evaluation of moral education is of great significance for improving the quality of teaching.Through a survey of 2715 undergraduates majoring in foreign languages,this paper analyzes their evaluation of the moral education.Findings show that students speak highly of teachers’competence in moral education,teaching methods and the integration of moral education in the textbooks,but not in the course assessment and the overall effect of moral education.Suggestions were proposed accordingly to improve moral education of foreign language education in China.

A Study of a Moral Dilemma Stories Teaching Model Focusing on the Development of Higher-Order Thinking --"Synthetic polymers" as an example

Cultivating students'higher-order thinking is one of the important goals of modern education,and innovative teaching model is an effective way to achieve this goal.Aiming at the inadequacy of the existing moral dilemma stories approach in the transformation of knowledge and behavior,this research constructs a new Project Based Learning-Ethical Dilemma Stories(PBL-EDS)Teaching Model applicable to China's secondary education stage based on the innovative features of the moral dilemma stories approach on the core competencies,taking the chemistry subject as an example to carry out practice,and puts forward suggestions for the implementation of the teaching model.Chemistry as an example to carry out the practice,and suggestions are made for the implementation of the teaching model.

Challenges and Countermeasures of Youth Moral Education in the Era of Big Data

Youth moral education is an extremely important work,which is related to the inheritance of traditional virtues of the Chinese nation,the fundamental plan of“successor,”and the construction of modern Chinese spiritual civilization.In the era of big data,the moral education of youth is facing new challenges and opportunities.The wide application of big data technology has brought about an information explosion,exposing young people to more diverse and complex social information.It not only brings opportunities for positive moral education but also many challenges.The main problems of youth moral education in the era of big data are neglected youth subjectivity,insufficient youth moral practice,and utilitarian youth value orientation.We should develop personalized moral education programs,strengthen the integration of moral knowledge and action,and pay more attention to moral practice to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of moral education for young people in the era of big data.

The Balance between "Public Morals" and Trade Liberalization:Analysis of the Application of Article XX(A) of the GATT

With the development of the international community,public morals have attracted increasing attention from states.Nevertheless,the “public morals” exception clause in Article XX(a) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is hardly invoked by state parties as a distinct basis for trade-restrictive measures.The EC-Seal Product dispute is the first case in which the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) considered this issue,after which it addressed the issue in the Columbia-Textiles and the Brazil-Taxation disputes.This article aims to analyze the kinds of public morals that can be justified while implementing trade-restrictive measures.It proposes that the human rights standard is a significant moral concern and that human rights law and trade law may be integrated.The article also addresses the question on the procedures that should be followed in applying Article XX(a) to avoid abuse.It concludes that Article XX(a) attaches intrinsic importance to striking a balance between trade liberalization and state sovereignty,for which it must be reserved in the GATT.

Collaborative Cultivation of Ideological and Political Education and Undergraduate Management in Colleges and Universities Under the Guidance of Moral Education

Guided by moral education,improving the ideological and moral quality of college students is an important goal of college education.To achieve this goal,it is necessary to strengthen ideological and political education and continuously improve the level of undergraduate management.This paper outlines the feasibility of collaborative cultivation of ideological and political education and undergraduate management in colleges and universities and analyzes its significance and the specific implementation strategies,with a view to providing valuable references for relevant colleges and universities to carry out educational work.

Practical Paths for Integrating“Stories of China”in the New Era into Ideological and Political Education in Universities

As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era,ideological and political education in universities is presented with new opportunities.Telling the“Stories of China”is not only necessary for inheriting and promoting the excellent traditional Chinese culture but also an important way to build the socialist core value system and cultivate qualified builders of socialism.Effectively integrating the“Stories of China”with the ideological and political theory courses in universities is of great significance for guiding students to establish correct worldviews,outlooks on life,and values.This paper focuses on the practical paths of integrating the“Stories of China”with ideological and political theory in universities,deeply analyzes the existing integration mechanisms,principles to follow,and challenges faced,and explores innovative paths.It aims to provide a new perspective for ideological and political education in universities,promote the comprehensive development of students,and provide solid theoretical support for cultivating qualified socialist builders.

Morals Under Scrutiny

A much publicized case of callous neglect spurs debate on the need for more good Samaritans in China Wang Yue,a 2-year-old girl who was injured in a hit-and-run accident and ignored by numerous passers-by in Foshan in south China’s Guangdong Province,died in hospi-

新时代课程思政建设面临的问题及改革路径

课程思政是新时代医学院校加强人才培养和落实立德树人根本任务的重要举措。从医学院校课程思政建设的时代要求出发,分析当前面临的现实挑战,提出构建“建体制机制-跨学科队伍-扩课程内容”三位一体的课程思政体系,为新时代课程思政体系建设路径和实现全员、全程、全方位育人目标提供参考借鉴。

Relationship between Moral Elevation and Prosocial Behavior among College Students: The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support and Moderating Role of Moral Identity

Objectives:The present study examined the relationship between college students’moral elevation and prosocial behavior.As well as the mediating role of perceived social support and the moderating role of moral identity.Methods:A sample of 489 college students were recruited for the study.They were asked to complete a series of questionnaires,including Moral Elevation Scale(MES),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),Moral Identity Scale(MIS)and Prosocial Tendency Measure(PTM).As part of the data analysis,we used correlation analysis and the method of constructing latent variable structural equation model to explore the mechanism of action among variables.Results:After controlling for gender,discipline,the research found that:(1)Moral elevation positively predicted the prosocial behavior among the college students;(2)Perceived social support mediated the relationship between moral elevation and prosocial behavior;(3)Moral identity moderated the second half of the model(i.e.,the link between perceived social support and prosocial behavior).Specifically,the mediating effect of perceived social support was stronger for college students with high-level moral identity compared to those with low-level moral identity.Conclusions:Moral identity significantly moderates the mediating effect of perceived social support,and the mediating model with moderated is established.

Research on the Path of Integrating Ideological and Political Courses into College Physical Education Courses Under the Background of Cultivating Moral Character and Cultivating People

The national education department clearly pointed out in the“Guidelines for the Construction of Ideological and Political Curriculum in Colleges and Universities”that colleges and universities need to take on the fundamental task of cultivating moral character and cultivating people in the process of education,and reasonably integrate ideological and political courses into the curriculum to promote the overall improvement of students’ideological and political quality.This article outlines the connotation of ideological and political courses in the context of cultivating moral character and cultivating people,analyzes and summarizes the significance of integrating ideological and political courses into college physical education courses,summarizes existing problems in the construction of ideological and political courses in college physical education,and explores the path of integrating ideological and political courses into college physical education courses under the background of cultivating moral character and cultivating people,with a view to providing guidelines for teachers.

Experimental Study on the Influence of Cognition and Emotion on Moral Judgment of College Students in Dilemma Situation

Objective:To study the influence of cognition and emotion on moral judgment of college students under the circumstance of whether the cognitive resources are occupied and whether the emotion is induced.Methods:This experiment uses a multi-factor mixed experiment method to divide experiments and groups.Experiment 1 uses a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(cognitive resource occupancy group,cognitive resource non-occupied group)×3(difficult situation type).Experiment 2 uses a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(emotion induction group,emotion induction and cognitive resource occupation group)×3(three types of dilemma situation types)is adopted.The dependent variable of this experiment(including Experiment 1 and Experiment 2)is the judgment response time and the judgment result is“Yes”(F)or“No”(J).Results:(1)The reaction time of the cognitive resource occupancy group was significantly higher than that of the cognitive resource non-occupied group,and the cognitive resource occupancy group in the three types of dilemma situations of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation.There is no significant difference between the results of moral judgments and the cognitive resource non-occupied group.(2)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the emotion-induced group and the emotion-induced and cognitive resource occupation group have no significant differences in reaction time and moral judgment results.(3)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the reaction time difference between the cognitive resource occupation group and the emotionally induced and cognitive resource occupation is not significant,while in the dilemma of low personal involvement,the number of people in the cognitive resource occupation group whose moral judgment is“Yes”was significantly higher than that in the emotionally induced and cognitive resource occupation group.(4)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the reaction time of the emotionally induced group was significantly higher than that of the cognitive resource non-occupied group,and the moral judgment results of the two groups were both found no significant difference.Conclusion:When the occupation of cognitive resources and the induction of emotions will significantly affect the response of individual moral judgments,different types of dilemmas will significantly affect the results of individual moral judgments.

The Relationship between Internet Addiction and Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Moderated Mediation Model of Moral Disengagement and Internet Literacy

Internet addiction and cyberbullying have emerged as significant global mental health concerns in recent years.Although previous studies have shown a close association between Internet addiction and cyberbullying,the underlying mechanisms connecting these two phenomena remain unclear.Therefore,this study aimed to reveal the mechanisms involved between Internet addiction and cyberbullying perpetration from the perspective of cognition function.This study recruited 976 Chinese youth through online survey,using the short version of Internet Addiction Test(s-IAT),Chinese Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire(C-CIPQ),Cyberbullying Moral Disengagement Scale(CMDS),and Internet Literacy Questionnaire(ILQ)to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction,moral disengagement,Internet literacy and cyberbullying perpetration.The keyfindings of this study were as follows:after controlling gender and age,(1)Internet addiction had a significant positive predictive effect on cyberbullying perpetration;(2)moral disengagement acted as a mediator between Internet addiction and cyberbullying perpetration;and(3)Internet literacy played a moderating role between moral disengagement and cyberbullying perpetration.In conclusion,there was a moderated mediating effect between Internet addiction and cyberbullying perpetration,contributing to a better understanding of the relationship between these two phenomena.

Implications of The Gift of the Magi for Moral Education of Teenagers From the Perspective of Interaction Ritual Chains

Adolescence is a pivotal moment in shaping one’s character and holds great implications for one’s values and personal growth.The Gift of the Magi by O.Henry portrays how an ordinary young couple in difficult financial circumstances managed to show their love for each other,eulogizing truth,goodness,and beauty in humanity.We conducted a thorough examination of the significance of moral values conveyed in The Gift of the Magi for teenager education using the“situation-emotion-symbol”model that is based on Randall Collins’theory of interaction ritual chains in order to establish an interaction ritual chain model for moral education of teenagers.Our study reveals that situated cognition is useful in constructing the focus of attention for the moral education of teenagers;that shared emotion is the driving force for achieving moral education of teenagers;and that symbolic connections help teenagers put the virtues they’ve learned from The Gift of the Magi into action and provides effective measures that can significantly contribute to the cultivation and implementation of moral education among teenagers.

The Moral Image of Modern China in the Perspective of Western Peregrinators

Since modern times,the West had gradually measured the standard and image of civilization of a country or a nation from the trinity of material,spirit and morality.Peregrinators to China mostly used such words as“hypocritical”,“dirty”,“indifferent”,“selfish”,“cruel”and“insensitive”to represent the moral and spiritual image of Chinese people.Peregrinators to China in the 19th century constructed a depraved and corrupt moral image of China in a three-dimensional perspective from individual moral depravity to overall despicability of the nation.

The Effect of Perceived Anonymity on Online Transgressions:The Moderating Role of Moral Excuses

With the development of science and technology,the use of the Internet is becoming more and more widespread.However,with the popularity of the Internet,some problems have gradually surfaced.The anonymity of Internet use has become a breeding ground for many acts that are contrary to public decency,and this study is conducted against this background.This study explored the impact of perceived anonymity on online transgressions and investigated the moderating effect of moral excuses.A total of 414 subjects,210 males and 204 females,participated in this experimental survey.The SPSS data analysis concluded that perceived anonymity played a significant positive predictive role on online deviance(p<0.01),and the moderating role of moral excuses was not significant.This study will be conducive to the better implementation of the action of clearing cyberspace and to the regulation of public behaviour in cyberspace.

Kant and Confucius:Moral Ethics Behind Western and Eastern Approaches to International Relations

International relations(IR)as a discipline is currently experiencing a crisis that may be viewed as a protest against the Euro-centric theories in humanities and the Western view on global politics,some of the most vocal opponents coming from Asia,with China at its core.This paper aims to compare the principles that depict moral ethics serving as a base for political idealism in the West and the East with Kant’s views as a foundation for Western idealism and Confucius’s ethical theory as a ground for an ideal society from the Asian perspective.The comparison is conducted along the following axes:the notions of autonomy,will,and freedom,initially developed to depict an ideal world order in the Kantian view.As a result of this comparison,the common feature between the two types of ethics,namely the strive for human dignity,becomes apparent.In conclusion,the paper suggests that researchers should concentrate on common features in the two philosophies instead of juxtaposing their apparent differences,which politically reflect the opposition of individualism and collectivism.Stress on human dignity shall become a unifying factor in modern international politics instead.