The fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and traditional medicine around the world. Adding value to Morinda citrifolia L. products, particularly the fruit, ...The fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and traditional medicine around the world. Adding value to Morinda citrifolia L. products, particularly the fruit, could be one way of building resilience in vulnerable farming households. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite and mineral composition of noni juice obtained by fermenting the fruit of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruits were collected in August 2022 from the local field in Thiès region, West of Senegal. Extraction yields were determined and the secondary metabolites were determined using conventional analytical methods. Calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results show that an average fruit mass (503.2 ± 110.96 g) consists of 171.44 ± 50.01 g pulp and 34.06 ± 10.35 g seeds. The traditional extraction yield of noni juice is 16.46% after three weeks of fermentation. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins obtained in noni are 608.97 ± 4.53 mg EAG/100mL, 7.78 ± 0.01 mg EQ/100mL and 0.191 ± 0.01 mg EC/100mL respectively. The ethanol content of noni varies from 3.57 to 5.23 mL/100mL during extraction. Noni has a high calcium content with a concentration of 383.79 ± 33.23 mg/L. This is followed by a good concentration of magnesium, potassium and sodium, at 278.47 ± 26.30, 187.43 ± 10.7 and 155.95 ± 28.66 mg/L respectively. Noni also has an iron content of 202.15 ± 0.05 mg/L.展开更多
Extraction and characterization of antioxidative compositions from the extracts of fermented Xisha Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) juice were studied. The antioxidative constituents of 184.6 g freeze-dried extracts of ...Extraction and characterization of antioxidative compositions from the extracts of fermented Xisha Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) juice were studied. The antioxidative constituents of 184.6 g freeze-dried extracts of naturally fermented Xisha Noni juice were isolated successfully by petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH solvents, and the antioxidative effects were measured according to scavenging activity against hydroxyl generated in Fenton reaction system and superoxide anion radicals in pyrogallol autoxidation system. The EtOAc extract exhibited most significantly higher (P 〈 0.01) antioxidative activity than mannitol or vitamin C, while the petroleum ether and n-BuOH extracts showed lower activities compared to mannitol. Three antioxidant phenolic compounds, isoscopoletin, aesculetin and 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin) were isolated from the EtOAc extract by several chromatography techniques for the first time. The results suggest that several compounds, in particular, the phenolic compounds, contribute separately or synergistically to the antioxidative activity of fermented Noni fruit juice.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the differences of volatile components in fresh fruit of Morinda citrifolia L.from different origins.[Methods]The method of HS-SPME-GC/MS detection was used to determine...[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the differences of volatile components in fresh fruit of Morinda citrifolia L.from different origins.[Methods]The method of HS-SPME-GC/MS detection was used to determine the volatile chemical components in fresh fruit of M.citrifolia.[Results]52,52 and 45 volatile components were identified from the fresh fruit of M.citrifolia from Xisha,Wanning and Haikou,respectively.Among them,the number and content of the identified esters were relatively high,mainly methyl caprylate,ethyl caprylate,4-pentenyl caproate,3-methylbuten-2-enyl caprylate,methyl caproate,and ethyl caproate.There were also fatty acids,alcohols,phenols,ketones,aldehydes and other substances.There were 33 common ingredients in the fruit from the three origins,mainly including caprylic acid,caproic acid,capric acid,methyl caprylate,ethyl caprylate,4-pentenyl caproate,3-methylbutene-2-enyl caprylate,methyl caproate,ethyl caproate,methyl caprate and hexyl caproate.[Conclusions]The types and contents of volatile components in fresh fruit of M.citrifolia from different origins were significantly different.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the best extraction technology of total flavonoids from Morinda citrifolia L.[Methods]An orthogonal test was carried out to select the best extraction process with the y...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the best extraction technology of total flavonoids from Morinda citrifolia L.[Methods]An orthogonal test was carried out to select the best extraction process with the yield of total flavonoids in the extract as the investigation index.[Results]Among the four factors of experimental design,the extraction time had a very significant impact on the results,the ethanol concentration had a significant impact on the results,and the extraction temperature and ethanol dosage had no significant impacts on the results.The optimal extraction process conditions for the total flavonoids of M.citrifolia were as follows:extraction time 1.5 h,ethanol concentration 90%,extraction temperature 60-65℃,and ethanol dosage 1∶20(g/ml).The total flavonoids in M.citrifolia fruit were extracted according to the optimal extraction process conditions,and the yield was 2.936%.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for obtaining the optimal extraction process conditions for total flavonoids of M.citrifolia.展开更多
COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has claimed millions of lives. This disease is caused by a coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which requires the binding of its spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for infe...COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has claimed millions of lives. This disease is caused by a coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which requires the binding of its spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for infection of the host cell. <em>Morinda citrifolia</em> (noni) fruit juice has antiviral activity that involves enhancement of immune system function. SARS-CoV-2 spike-ACE2 interaction experiments were carried out to further investigate the antiviral properties of noni juice and its major iridoids. Noni juice inhibited binding by approximately 69%. Scandoside was the most active of the three iridoids evaluated, reducing average spike protein-ACE2 interaction by 79.25%. The iridoids worked synergistically towards inhibiting spike protein binding when assayed together, improving activity by more than 22% above the expected level. But the modest activity of the most abundant iridoid, deacetylasperulosidic acid, indicates that other phytochemicals (<em>i.e</em>. scopoletin, quercetin, rutin and kaempferol) are also involved. Our results suggest that the presence of several biological active phytochemicals in noni juice enhances resistance to SARS-CoV-2 by interfering with its ability to bind ACE2. This is a new and significant anti-viral mechanism of noni juice that does not directly involve its immunomodulatory properties.展开更多
Objective:Toinvestigate the anti-angiogenic activity and antioxidant properties of Myristica fragrans(M.fragrans)(nutmeg) and Morinda citrifolia(M.citrifolia)(mengkudu) oils. Methods:The nutmeg and megkudu ess...Objective:Toinvestigate the anti-angiogenic activity and antioxidant properties of Myristica fragrans(M.fragrans)(nutmeg) and Morinda citrifolia(M.citrifolia)(mengkudu) oils. Methods:The nutmeg and megkudu essential oils were obtained by steam distillation. The antioxidant activities of both essenlial oils were delermined by beta-carotene/ linoleic acid bleaching assay and reducing power while the anti-angiogenic activity was investigated using rat aortic ring assay using various concentrations.Results:The results showed that nutmeg oil has higher antioxidant activity than mengkudu oil.The nutmeg oil effectively inhibited the oxidation of linoleic acid with(88.68±0.1)%while the inhibition percentage of oxidation of linoleic acid of the mengkudu oil is(69.44±0.4)%.The nutmeg oil and mengkudu oil showed reducing power with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 181.4μg/mL and 3 043.0μg/mL,respectively.The anliangiogenic activity of nutmeg oil showed significant antiangiogenic activity with IC<sub>50</sub> of 77.64μg/mL comparing to mengkudu oil which exhibits IC<sub>50</sub> of 109.30μg/mL.Conclusion:Bioactive compound(s) will be isolated from the nutmeg essential oil to be developed as antiangiogenic drugs.展开更多
The majority of the world’s population suffers from gingivitis/periodontitis. This inflammatory process is caused by several bacterial species inside the dental plaque. In vivo and in vitro experiments were set up. T...The majority of the world’s population suffers from gingivitis/periodontitis. This inflammatory process is caused by several bacterial species inside the dental plaque. In vivo and in vitro experiments were set up. The patients of the in vivo group were divided into a noni and a control group. Both groups contained patients that suffered from gingivitis/periodontitis who were introduced to practice standardized, good oral hygiene. The patients in the noni group additionally used noni juice for mouth wash two times a day. The Papillae-Bleeding-Index (PBI) was evaluated comparing the status of inflammation in both groups. Bacterial probes were isolated from the patient’s gingival pouches for species identification and to carry out in vitro experiments for possible antimicrobial effects of noni juice. The Papillae-Bleeding-Index (PBI) in the noni group has “highly significantly” improved from an average of 2.25 at the beginning of the observation period (t0) to 1.01 after four weeks of noni treatment (t1), compared to a change from 2.11 at t0 to 1.95 at t1 inthe control group. A comparison of the differences of the PBI-values (t0-t1) between the noni and the control group was highly significant using a t-test on a level of p = 0.01. Only small inhibition zones were observed in the agar diffusion test on agar plates coated with aerobic, anaerobic and Candida cultures isolated from the patients gingival pouches after treatment with original or neutralized noni juice in different concentrations. Weak bacteriostatic effects occurred in the agar dilution experiments with noni juice in higher concentrations (native and neutralized noni juice). The present investigation has shown that the combination of good oral hygiene and the administration of noni juice was a promising treatment for gingivitis and periodontitis. The additional treatment with noni juice significantly mitigated the gingival inflammation.展开更多
Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has been shown to have a wide variety of potential health benefits in human clinical trials. It may also influence the endocannabinoid system of the body. Since the main ingredien...Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has been shown to have a wide variety of potential health benefits in human clinical trials. It may also influence the endocannabinoid system of the body. Since the main ingredient of the product studied in these clinical trials was juice made from noni fruit puree from French Polynesia, it was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the two major endocannabinoid degradation enzymes in vitro. Noni fruit juice inhibited both fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it may help maintain anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels. Samples of the puree were also analyzed for the presence of characteristic phytochemical markers of authentic noni fruit such as scopoletin, rutin, quercetin, deacetylasperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid, all of which were present. Also present was scandoside, which is reported for the first time as being identified in noni fruit or its juice. Some of these compounds may contribute to the FAAH and MAGL inhibiting activity of noni juice. These results reveal another set of mechanisms by which noni juice possibly supports mental health, maintains joint health, relieves discomfort and modulates the immune system.展开更多
The fruit of Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and medicine throughout the tropics. Among its many uses, noni was believed to promote skin health. In vivo wound heal...The fruit of Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and medicine throughout the tropics. Among its many uses, noni was believed to promote skin health. In vivo wound healing studies reveal that noni fruit juice ingestion increases collagen production and deposition via increased expression of extracellular matrix protein genes. Noni juice also appears to promote fibroblast proliferation. In vitro studies indicate that noni juice also protects fibroblasts via activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and protects extracellular matrix collagen by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases. In vitro and in vivo study findings are corroborated by a clinical trial where hospitalization times were reduced, and wound granulation quality was improved in pediatric burn patients. The findings of other human studies also indicate that noni juice has the potential to protect skin collagen. These include reduced plasma reactive oxygen species in cigarette smokers, lowered skin glycation levels in overweight and obese adults, as well as reduced skin glycation levels among noni juice consumers within the general population. These in vitro, in vivo and human studies reveal that there are multiple mechanisms of action through which noni juice promotes collagen synthesis and inhibits collagen degradation. The procollagen properties of noni juice aid wound healing, increase skin elasticity, and improve the overall appearance of the skin.展开更多
Fruit and leaf of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) have been used traditionally as food and for medicinal purposes by South Pacific populations since over two thousand years. Recently noni fruit juice became very popular ...Fruit and leaf of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) have been used traditionally as food and for medicinal purposes by South Pacific populations since over two thousand years. Recently noni fruit juice became very popular as health beverage worldwide. Manufacturers and distributors of noni juice often praise the high content of minerals and trace elements in conjunction with the geological situation of the origin of the raw noni material. We therefore performed an investigation about the metal concentration of noni fruit, leaf and soil samples from 42 different locations in French Polynesia, and of 16 commercial noni juices. Median concentrations of metals in noni fruit, leaf and fruit juice appeared in a normal range compared to other fruits, however, the variance between different locations was considerable. Noni fruits from lime soil were poorer compared to volcanic soil in most metals. Self-prepared noni juices did generally not serve for more then 10% of the daily requirement of trace elements and minerals per 100 ml. The metal concentration in noni fruit puree was higher compared to clear juice and reached 10% and 34% of the daily requirement in 100 ml for manganese and chromium respectively. The concentrations of toxic metals (As, Cd, Pb) were below 2% of the maximum permitted levels (MPL) in all of these juices. For one of the commercial noni juices the MPL for lead was exceeded (170%) and some others were close to it. Most metals showed a good correlation regarding the concentration in noni fruit versus leaf, but not for soil versus fruit or juice. The concentration of magnesium, manganese, zinc and germanium in the commercial juices was highly correlated to the potassium concentration, indicating that these elements are useful to detect a dilution of noni juices.展开更多
Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has exhibited a variety of biological activities in human clinical trials, indicating that it influences multiple systems of the body. Since the 1990s, the endocannabinoid system ...Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has exhibited a variety of biological activities in human clinical trials, indicating that it influences multiple systems of the body. Since the 1990s, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been found to modulate the activity of other organ systems. To investigate noni’s potential impact on the ECS, extracts from freeze-dried noni fruit were evaluated in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition assays. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the greatest activity against both enzymes. Lignans in this extract also inhibited enzyme activities, with americanin A being the most active in both assays. Americanoic acid and 3,3’-bisdemethylpinoresinol were the next most active compounds. These results suggest that lignans in noni fruit may influence endocannabinoid levels within the body via FAAH and MAGL inhibition. This reveals another set of probable mechanisms of action by which noni juice affects human health.展开更多
Objective: Aging is associated with the development of diseases because of immunosuppression and altered functioning of the neuroendocrine system. The medicinal properties of Morinda citrifolia L. have been widely ex...Objective: Aging is associated with the development of diseases because of immunosuppression and altered functioning of the neuroendocrine system. The medicinal properties of Morinda citrifolia L. have been widely exploited for the treatment of age-associated diseases. This study aims to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of noni(M. citrifolia) fruit juice(NFJ) on neuro-immunomodulation in the lymph node lymphocytes of F344 rats.Methods: Lymphocytes isolated from axillary and inguinal lymph nodes of young(3–4 months) and old(18–21 months) rats were treated in vitro with different concentrations(0.0001%, 0.01%, and 1%) of NFJ for a period of 24 h. In the in vivo study, old(16–17 months) male F344 rats were treated with 5 mL/kg body weight of 5%, 10% and 20% of NFJ, twice a day, by oral gavage, and lymph node lymphocytes were isolated after 60 d. Concanavalin A(Con A)-induced lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-2(IL-2)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) production and expression of intracellular markers, such as phosphoextracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK1/2), phospho-γ AMP response element-binding protein,phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt), phospho-tyrosine hydroxylase(p-TH), phospho-nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-α(p-IκB-α) and phospho-nuclear factor-κB(p-NF-κB p65 and p50) were examined in the lymphocytes of lymph nodes.Results: NFJ increased Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and p-ERK1/2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. In in vivo NFJ-treated old rats, lymph node lymphocytes showed increased expression of p-TH and Akt, nitric oxide production and decreased expression of p-NF-κB p65 and p50.Conclusion: These results suggest that the immunostimulatory properties of NFJ are facilitated through intracellular signaling pathways involving ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB.展开更多
Objective:To study the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of Morinda citrifolia(noni).Methods:The influences of noni juice on cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion,migration and the activity of AKT/nuclear factor-κB(...Objective:To study the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of Morinda citrifolia(noni).Methods:The influences of noni juice on cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion,migration and the activity of AKT/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway in A549 human lung cancer cells were detected by MTT,cell counting kit-8,colony formation,Annexin V/PI double labeling,transwel,scratch test and immunoblotting assay,respectively.A549 cells were inoculated into the right axilla of nude mice,followed by noni juice treatment.The body weight of the nude mice was weighed,and the tumor volume and weight were measured.Cel proliferation and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry,and the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway was measured by immunoblotting.Results:The in vitro studies showed that noni juice inhibited the A549 cel s proliferation,migration and invasion.Noni juice also promoted cel s apoptosis in A549 cel s.Immunoblotting assay showed that the phosphorylation level of AKT,p50,and STAT3 proteins was inhibited to different extents after noni juice treatment.The in vivo studies showed that noni juice effectively suppressed tumor formation of A549 cells in nude mice.Noni juice treatment inhibited the expression of Ki67,PCNA,and Bcl-2 protein in the tumor;while promoted the expression of caspase-3 protein.Additionally,we also found that noni juice treatment could restrain the activity of AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in the tumor tissue.Conclusion:Noni juice inhibited the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells,induced apoptosis,and inhibited cel invasion and migration via regulating AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.展开更多
为明确海巴戟幼苗对盐的耐受范围及盐胁迫对海巴戟幼苗生长的影响,以水培180d的海巴戟苗为材料,基本培养基为1/8 MS液体培养基,其中分别加入质量分数为0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%的NaCl进行胁迫处理。结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫浓度...为明确海巴戟幼苗对盐的耐受范围及盐胁迫对海巴戟幼苗生长的影响,以水培180d的海巴戟苗为材料,基本培养基为1/8 MS液体培养基,其中分别加入质量分数为0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%的NaCl进行胁迫处理。结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加与胁迫时间的推移,海巴戟叶片相对含水量(relative water content,RWC)与生物量逐渐降低,可溶性蛋白(solubleprotein,SP)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均表现为先增加后减少的趋势。海巴戟幼苗的保护酶活性随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加与胁迫时间的推移发生显著变化,在NaCl浓度0.8%以下范围,海巴戟可以通过调节渗透物质和抗氧化物酶来减轻伤害,保证生长;当NaCl浓度在0.8%及以上范围时,保护酶系统与细胞膜受损严重,进而影响海巴戟生长。因此,海巴戟幼苗可以在0.8%以下NaCl浓度范围的区域试种。展开更多
文摘The fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and traditional medicine around the world. Adding value to Morinda citrifolia L. products, particularly the fruit, could be one way of building resilience in vulnerable farming households. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite and mineral composition of noni juice obtained by fermenting the fruit of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruits were collected in August 2022 from the local field in Thiès region, West of Senegal. Extraction yields were determined and the secondary metabolites were determined using conventional analytical methods. Calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results show that an average fruit mass (503.2 ± 110.96 g) consists of 171.44 ± 50.01 g pulp and 34.06 ± 10.35 g seeds. The traditional extraction yield of noni juice is 16.46% after three weeks of fermentation. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins obtained in noni are 608.97 ± 4.53 mg EAG/100mL, 7.78 ± 0.01 mg EQ/100mL and 0.191 ± 0.01 mg EC/100mL respectively. The ethanol content of noni varies from 3.57 to 5.23 mL/100mL during extraction. Noni has a high calcium content with a concentration of 383.79 ± 33.23 mg/L. This is followed by a good concentration of magnesium, potassium and sodium, at 278.47 ± 26.30, 187.43 ± 10.7 and 155.95 ± 28.66 mg/L respectively. Noni also has an iron content of 202.15 ± 0.05 mg/L.
文摘Extraction and characterization of antioxidative compositions from the extracts of fermented Xisha Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) juice were studied. The antioxidative constituents of 184.6 g freeze-dried extracts of naturally fermented Xisha Noni juice were isolated successfully by petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH solvents, and the antioxidative effects were measured according to scavenging activity against hydroxyl generated in Fenton reaction system and superoxide anion radicals in pyrogallol autoxidation system. The EtOAc extract exhibited most significantly higher (P 〈 0.01) antioxidative activity than mannitol or vitamin C, while the petroleum ether and n-BuOH extracts showed lower activities compared to mannitol. Three antioxidant phenolic compounds, isoscopoletin, aesculetin and 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin) were isolated from the EtOAc extract by several chromatography techniques for the first time. The results suggest that several compounds, in particular, the phenolic compounds, contribute separately or synergistically to the antioxidative activity of fermented Noni fruit juice.
基金Supported by Hainan Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Program(Natural Science)High-level Talents(No.2019RC318)Nanfeng Special Phase III:Investigation and Protection of Cultivated Land and Fishery Water Resources(NFZX2021)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(No.1630032022022)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the differences of volatile components in fresh fruit of Morinda citrifolia L.from different origins.[Methods]The method of HS-SPME-GC/MS detection was used to determine the volatile chemical components in fresh fruit of M.citrifolia.[Results]52,52 and 45 volatile components were identified from the fresh fruit of M.citrifolia from Xisha,Wanning and Haikou,respectively.Among them,the number and content of the identified esters were relatively high,mainly methyl caprylate,ethyl caprylate,4-pentenyl caproate,3-methylbuten-2-enyl caprylate,methyl caproate,and ethyl caproate.There were also fatty acids,alcohols,phenols,ketones,aldehydes and other substances.There were 33 common ingredients in the fruit from the three origins,mainly including caprylic acid,caproic acid,capric acid,methyl caprylate,ethyl caprylate,4-pentenyl caproate,3-methylbutene-2-enyl caprylate,methyl caproate,ethyl caproate,methyl caprate and hexyl caproate.[Conclusions]The types and contents of volatile components in fresh fruit of M.citrifolia from different origins were significantly different.
基金2020 National Undergraduate Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program (202011430133).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the best extraction technology of total flavonoids from Morinda citrifolia L.[Methods]An orthogonal test was carried out to select the best extraction process with the yield of total flavonoids in the extract as the investigation index.[Results]Among the four factors of experimental design,the extraction time had a very significant impact on the results,the ethanol concentration had a significant impact on the results,and the extraction temperature and ethanol dosage had no significant impacts on the results.The optimal extraction process conditions for the total flavonoids of M.citrifolia were as follows:extraction time 1.5 h,ethanol concentration 90%,extraction temperature 60-65℃,and ethanol dosage 1∶20(g/ml).The total flavonoids in M.citrifolia fruit were extracted according to the optimal extraction process conditions,and the yield was 2.936%.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for obtaining the optimal extraction process conditions for total flavonoids of M.citrifolia.
文摘COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has claimed millions of lives. This disease is caused by a coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which requires the binding of its spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for infection of the host cell. <em>Morinda citrifolia</em> (noni) fruit juice has antiviral activity that involves enhancement of immune system function. SARS-CoV-2 spike-ACE2 interaction experiments were carried out to further investigate the antiviral properties of noni juice and its major iridoids. Noni juice inhibited binding by approximately 69%. Scandoside was the most active of the three iridoids evaluated, reducing average spike protein-ACE2 interaction by 79.25%. The iridoids worked synergistically towards inhibiting spike protein binding when assayed together, improving activity by more than 22% above the expected level. But the modest activity of the most abundant iridoid, deacetylasperulosidic acid, indicates that other phytochemicals (<em>i.e</em>. scopoletin, quercetin, rutin and kaempferol) are also involved. Our results suggest that the presence of several biological active phytochemicals in noni juice enhances resistance to SARS-CoV-2 by interfering with its ability to bind ACE2. This is a new and significant anti-viral mechanism of noni juice that does not directly involve its immunomodulatory properties.
基金funded by Universiti Sains Malaysia Research University(RU)Grant(1001/PFARMASI/813021)
文摘Objective:Toinvestigate the anti-angiogenic activity and antioxidant properties of Myristica fragrans(M.fragrans)(nutmeg) and Morinda citrifolia(M.citrifolia)(mengkudu) oils. Methods:The nutmeg and megkudu essential oils were obtained by steam distillation. The antioxidant activities of both essenlial oils were delermined by beta-carotene/ linoleic acid bleaching assay and reducing power while the anti-angiogenic activity was investigated using rat aortic ring assay using various concentrations.Results:The results showed that nutmeg oil has higher antioxidant activity than mengkudu oil.The nutmeg oil effectively inhibited the oxidation of linoleic acid with(88.68±0.1)%while the inhibition percentage of oxidation of linoleic acid of the mengkudu oil is(69.44±0.4)%.The nutmeg oil and mengkudu oil showed reducing power with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 181.4μg/mL and 3 043.0μg/mL,respectively.The anliangiogenic activity of nutmeg oil showed significant antiangiogenic activity with IC<sub>50</sub> of 77.64μg/mL comparing to mengkudu oil which exhibits IC<sub>50</sub> of 109.30μg/mL.Conclusion:Bioactive compound(s) will be isolated from the nutmeg essential oil to be developed as antiangiogenic drugs.
文摘The majority of the world’s population suffers from gingivitis/periodontitis. This inflammatory process is caused by several bacterial species inside the dental plaque. In vivo and in vitro experiments were set up. The patients of the in vivo group were divided into a noni and a control group. Both groups contained patients that suffered from gingivitis/periodontitis who were introduced to practice standardized, good oral hygiene. The patients in the noni group additionally used noni juice for mouth wash two times a day. The Papillae-Bleeding-Index (PBI) was evaluated comparing the status of inflammation in both groups. Bacterial probes were isolated from the patient’s gingival pouches for species identification and to carry out in vitro experiments for possible antimicrobial effects of noni juice. The Papillae-Bleeding-Index (PBI) in the noni group has “highly significantly” improved from an average of 2.25 at the beginning of the observation period (t0) to 1.01 after four weeks of noni treatment (t1), compared to a change from 2.11 at t0 to 1.95 at t1 inthe control group. A comparison of the differences of the PBI-values (t0-t1) between the noni and the control group was highly significant using a t-test on a level of p = 0.01. Only small inhibition zones were observed in the agar diffusion test on agar plates coated with aerobic, anaerobic and Candida cultures isolated from the patients gingival pouches after treatment with original or neutralized noni juice in different concentrations. Weak bacteriostatic effects occurred in the agar dilution experiments with noni juice in higher concentrations (native and neutralized noni juice). The present investigation has shown that the combination of good oral hygiene and the administration of noni juice was a promising treatment for gingivitis and periodontitis. The additional treatment with noni juice significantly mitigated the gingival inflammation.
文摘Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has been shown to have a wide variety of potential health benefits in human clinical trials. It may also influence the endocannabinoid system of the body. Since the main ingredient of the product studied in these clinical trials was juice made from noni fruit puree from French Polynesia, it was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the two major endocannabinoid degradation enzymes in vitro. Noni fruit juice inhibited both fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it may help maintain anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels. Samples of the puree were also analyzed for the presence of characteristic phytochemical markers of authentic noni fruit such as scopoletin, rutin, quercetin, deacetylasperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid, all of which were present. Also present was scandoside, which is reported for the first time as being identified in noni fruit or its juice. Some of these compounds may contribute to the FAAH and MAGL inhibiting activity of noni juice. These results reveal another set of mechanisms by which noni juice possibly supports mental health, maintains joint health, relieves discomfort and modulates the immune system.
文摘The fruit of Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and medicine throughout the tropics. Among its many uses, noni was believed to promote skin health. In vivo wound healing studies reveal that noni fruit juice ingestion increases collagen production and deposition via increased expression of extracellular matrix protein genes. Noni juice also appears to promote fibroblast proliferation. In vitro studies indicate that noni juice also protects fibroblasts via activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and protects extracellular matrix collagen by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases. In vitro and in vivo study findings are corroborated by a clinical trial where hospitalization times were reduced, and wound granulation quality was improved in pediatric burn patients. The findings of other human studies also indicate that noni juice has the potential to protect skin collagen. These include reduced plasma reactive oxygen species in cigarette smokers, lowered skin glycation levels in overweight and obese adults, as well as reduced skin glycation levels among noni juice consumers within the general population. These in vitro, in vivo and human studies reveal that there are multiple mechanisms of action through which noni juice promotes collagen synthesis and inhibits collagen degradation. The procollagen properties of noni juice aid wound healing, increase skin elasticity, and improve the overall appearance of the skin.
文摘Fruit and leaf of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) have been used traditionally as food and for medicinal purposes by South Pacific populations since over two thousand years. Recently noni fruit juice became very popular as health beverage worldwide. Manufacturers and distributors of noni juice often praise the high content of minerals and trace elements in conjunction with the geological situation of the origin of the raw noni material. We therefore performed an investigation about the metal concentration of noni fruit, leaf and soil samples from 42 different locations in French Polynesia, and of 16 commercial noni juices. Median concentrations of metals in noni fruit, leaf and fruit juice appeared in a normal range compared to other fruits, however, the variance between different locations was considerable. Noni fruits from lime soil were poorer compared to volcanic soil in most metals. Self-prepared noni juices did generally not serve for more then 10% of the daily requirement of trace elements and minerals per 100 ml. The metal concentration in noni fruit puree was higher compared to clear juice and reached 10% and 34% of the daily requirement in 100 ml for manganese and chromium respectively. The concentrations of toxic metals (As, Cd, Pb) were below 2% of the maximum permitted levels (MPL) in all of these juices. For one of the commercial noni juices the MPL for lead was exceeded (170%) and some others were close to it. Most metals showed a good correlation regarding the concentration in noni fruit versus leaf, but not for soil versus fruit or juice. The concentration of magnesium, manganese, zinc and germanium in the commercial juices was highly correlated to the potassium concentration, indicating that these elements are useful to detect a dilution of noni juices.
文摘Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has exhibited a variety of biological activities in human clinical trials, indicating that it influences multiple systems of the body. Since the 1990s, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been found to modulate the activity of other organ systems. To investigate noni’s potential impact on the ECS, extracts from freeze-dried noni fruit were evaluated in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition assays. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the greatest activity against both enzymes. Lignans in this extract also inhibited enzyme activities, with americanin A being the most active in both assays. Americanoic acid and 3,3’-bisdemethylpinoresinol were the next most active compounds. These results suggest that lignans in noni fruit may influence endocannabinoid levels within the body via FAAH and MAGL inhibition. This reveals another set of probable mechanisms of action by which noni juice affects human health.
基金supported by a research grant(FFEP-CRP-08-002)from World Noni Research Foundation,Chennai,India
文摘Objective: Aging is associated with the development of diseases because of immunosuppression and altered functioning of the neuroendocrine system. The medicinal properties of Morinda citrifolia L. have been widely exploited for the treatment of age-associated diseases. This study aims to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of noni(M. citrifolia) fruit juice(NFJ) on neuro-immunomodulation in the lymph node lymphocytes of F344 rats.Methods: Lymphocytes isolated from axillary and inguinal lymph nodes of young(3–4 months) and old(18–21 months) rats were treated in vitro with different concentrations(0.0001%, 0.01%, and 1%) of NFJ for a period of 24 h. In the in vivo study, old(16–17 months) male F344 rats were treated with 5 mL/kg body weight of 5%, 10% and 20% of NFJ, twice a day, by oral gavage, and lymph node lymphocytes were isolated after 60 d. Concanavalin A(Con A)-induced lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-2(IL-2)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) production and expression of intracellular markers, such as phosphoextracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK1/2), phospho-γ AMP response element-binding protein,phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt), phospho-tyrosine hydroxylase(p-TH), phospho-nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-α(p-IκB-α) and phospho-nuclear factor-κB(p-NF-κB p65 and p50) were examined in the lymphocytes of lymph nodes.Results: NFJ increased Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and p-ERK1/2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. In in vivo NFJ-treated old rats, lymph node lymphocytes showed increased expression of p-TH and Akt, nitric oxide production and decreased expression of p-NF-κB p65 and p50.Conclusion: These results suggest that the immunostimulatory properties of NFJ are facilitated through intracellular signaling pathways involving ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB.
文摘Objective:To study the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of Morinda citrifolia(noni).Methods:The influences of noni juice on cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion,migration and the activity of AKT/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway in A549 human lung cancer cells were detected by MTT,cell counting kit-8,colony formation,Annexin V/PI double labeling,transwel,scratch test and immunoblotting assay,respectively.A549 cells were inoculated into the right axilla of nude mice,followed by noni juice treatment.The body weight of the nude mice was weighed,and the tumor volume and weight were measured.Cel proliferation and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry,and the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway was measured by immunoblotting.Results:The in vitro studies showed that noni juice inhibited the A549 cel s proliferation,migration and invasion.Noni juice also promoted cel s apoptosis in A549 cel s.Immunoblotting assay showed that the phosphorylation level of AKT,p50,and STAT3 proteins was inhibited to different extents after noni juice treatment.The in vivo studies showed that noni juice effectively suppressed tumor formation of A549 cells in nude mice.Noni juice treatment inhibited the expression of Ki67,PCNA,and Bcl-2 protein in the tumor;while promoted the expression of caspase-3 protein.Additionally,we also found that noni juice treatment could restrain the activity of AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in the tumor tissue.Conclusion:Noni juice inhibited the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells,induced apoptosis,and inhibited cel invasion and migration via regulating AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.
文摘为明确海巴戟幼苗对盐的耐受范围及盐胁迫对海巴戟幼苗生长的影响,以水培180d的海巴戟苗为材料,基本培养基为1/8 MS液体培养基,其中分别加入质量分数为0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%的NaCl进行胁迫处理。结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加与胁迫时间的推移,海巴戟叶片相对含水量(relative water content,RWC)与生物量逐渐降低,可溶性蛋白(solubleprotein,SP)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均表现为先增加后减少的趋势。海巴戟幼苗的保护酶活性随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加与胁迫时间的推移发生显著变化,在NaCl浓度0.8%以下范围,海巴戟可以通过调节渗透物质和抗氧化物酶来减轻伤害,保证生长;当NaCl浓度在0.8%及以上范围时,保护酶系统与细胞膜受损严重,进而影响海巴戟生长。因此,海巴戟幼苗可以在0.8%以下NaCl浓度范围的区域试种。