Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka）, is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to c...Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka）, is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to consumers. Identification of the pigments that may contribute to the formation of different color morphs of sea cucumbers will provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of desirable color morphs. In this study,sea cucumbers were divided into four categories according to their body color： white, light green, dark green, and purple. The pigment composition and contents in the four groups were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The results show that the pigment contents differed significantly among the white, lightgreen, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers, and there were fewer types of pigments in white sea cucumber than in the other color morphs. The only pigments detected in white sea cucumbers were guanine and pteroic acid.Guanine and pteroic acid are structural colors, and they were also detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. Every pigment detected, except for pteroic acid, was present at a higher concentration in purple morphs than in the other color morphs. The biological color pigments melanin, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein were detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. While progesterone and lycopene,which are also biological color pigments, were not detected in any of the color morphs. Melanin was the major pigment contributing to body color, and its concentration increased with deepening color of the sea cucumber body. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that white sea cucumbers had the fewest epidermal melanocytes in the body wall, and their melanocytes contained fewer melanosomes as well as non-pigmented pre-melanosomes. Sea cucumbers with deeper body colors contained more melanin granules. In the body wall of dark-green and purple sea cucumbers, melanin granules were secreted out of the cell. The results of this study provide evidence for the main factors responsible for differences in coloration among white, light-green, darkgreen, and purple sea cucumbers, and also provide the foundation for further research on the formation of body color in sea cucumber, A. japonicus.展开更多
为了明确紫外线(UV-B)辐射对红色型和绿色型豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响,本研究将2种不同色型豌豆蚜的初生若蚜经过40 W UV-B波段紫外线每日照射30 min,在3种温度梯度(16℃、20℃、24℃)和2种苜蓿品种"甘农3号"和"甘农5号&qu...为了明确紫外线(UV-B)辐射对红色型和绿色型豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响,本研究将2种不同色型豌豆蚜的初生若蚜经过40 W UV-B波段紫外线每日照射30 min,在3种温度梯度(16℃、20℃、24℃)和2种苜蓿品种"甘农3号"和"甘农5号"条件下,在人工气候箱中单头饲养,测定各个处理豌豆蚜的发育历期、体质量差和相对日均体质量增长率等生物学参数。结果显示:在"甘农3号"上,16℃时,在UV-B辐射对2种色型豌豆蚜的发育历期、体质量差和日均体质量增长率均无显著影响(P>0.05);在20℃时,UV-B辐射下红色型豌豆蚜的发育历期显著延长(P<0.05),相对日均体质量增长率也显著减少(P<0.05),体质量差无显著变化(P>0.05);而在24℃时,UV-B辐射下绿色型豌豆蚜的发育历期显著延长(P<0.05),体质量差和相对日均体质量增长率也显著减少(P<0.05)。在"甘农5号"上,在16℃时,UV-B辐射下红色型豌豆蚜的发育历期显著延长(P<0.05),体质量差和相对日均体质量增长率也显著减少(P<0.05);在20℃和24℃时,UV-B辐射绿色型豌豆蚜的发育历期显著延长(P<0.05),体质量差和相对日均体质量增长率也显著减少(P<0.05)。由此可知,UV-B辐射对豌豆蚜的影响与温度和苜蓿品种均密切相关。展开更多
基金The Agricultural Seed Project of Shandong Province
文摘Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka）, is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to consumers. Identification of the pigments that may contribute to the formation of different color morphs of sea cucumbers will provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of desirable color morphs. In this study,sea cucumbers were divided into four categories according to their body color： white, light green, dark green, and purple. The pigment composition and contents in the four groups were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The results show that the pigment contents differed significantly among the white, lightgreen, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers, and there were fewer types of pigments in white sea cucumber than in the other color morphs. The only pigments detected in white sea cucumbers were guanine and pteroic acid.Guanine and pteroic acid are structural colors, and they were also detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. Every pigment detected, except for pteroic acid, was present at a higher concentration in purple morphs than in the other color morphs. The biological color pigments melanin, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein were detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. While progesterone and lycopene,which are also biological color pigments, were not detected in any of the color morphs. Melanin was the major pigment contributing to body color, and its concentration increased with deepening color of the sea cucumber body. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that white sea cucumbers had the fewest epidermal melanocytes in the body wall, and their melanocytes contained fewer melanosomes as well as non-pigmented pre-melanosomes. Sea cucumbers with deeper body colors contained more melanin granules. In the body wall of dark-green and purple sea cucumbers, melanin granules were secreted out of the cell. The results of this study provide evidence for the main factors responsible for differences in coloration among white, light-green, darkgreen, and purple sea cucumbers, and also provide the foundation for further research on the formation of body color in sea cucumber, A. japonicus.
文摘为了明确紫外线(UV-B)辐射对红色型和绿色型豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响,本研究将2种不同色型豌豆蚜的初生若蚜经过40 W UV-B波段紫外线每日照射30 min,在3种温度梯度(16℃、20℃、24℃)和2种苜蓿品种"甘农3号"和"甘农5号"条件下,在人工气候箱中单头饲养,测定各个处理豌豆蚜的发育历期、体质量差和相对日均体质量增长率等生物学参数。结果显示:在"甘农3号"上,16℃时,在UV-B辐射对2种色型豌豆蚜的发育历期、体质量差和日均体质量增长率均无显著影响(P>0.05);在20℃时,UV-B辐射下红色型豌豆蚜的发育历期显著延长(P<0.05),相对日均体质量增长率也显著减少(P<0.05),体质量差无显著变化(P>0.05);而在24℃时,UV-B辐射下绿色型豌豆蚜的发育历期显著延长(P<0.05),体质量差和相对日均体质量增长率也显著减少(P<0.05)。在"甘农5号"上,在16℃时,UV-B辐射下红色型豌豆蚜的发育历期显著延长(P<0.05),体质量差和相对日均体质量增长率也显著减少(P<0.05);在20℃和24℃时,UV-B辐射绿色型豌豆蚜的发育历期显著延长(P<0.05),体质量差和相对日均体质量增长率也显著减少(P<0.05)。由此可知,UV-B辐射对豌豆蚜的影响与温度和苜蓿品种均密切相关。
