Syphilitic alopecia (SA) is a rare skin manifestation in secondary syphilis and sometimes indistinguishable from other alopecia. SA is of 2 types, symptomatic and essential, and 3 clinical types, moth-eaten or patchy ...Syphilitic alopecia (SA) is a rare skin manifestation in secondary syphilis and sometimes indistinguishable from other alopecia. SA is of 2 types, symptomatic and essential, and 3 clinical types, moth-eaten or patchy pattern, diffuse pattern and a combination of both. SA in our case indicated symptomatic SA with moth-eaten hairloss. A 46-year-old Japanese homosexual man experienced hairloss followed by the pruritic skin rash. Physical examination of the scalp showed diffusely spread papulosquamous erythema and incomplete hairloss around the lesions. The scalp lesions appeared as “moth-eaten alopecia”. Serological examination for syphilis and HIV were positive. Thus, SA complicated with HIV infection was diagnosed. He was treated with a single perioral dose of ampicillin for 4 weeks, then his condition improved rapidly and hair regrowth occurred. HIV-infected persons show a high incidence of syphilis. Therefore, HIV test should be considered for patients with alopecia.展开更多
Fifteen subspecies of the wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), have been recorded in the Northern Hemisphere. An analysis of crude pheromone extracts by GC equipped with an electroan...Fifteen subspecies of the wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), have been recorded in the Northern Hemisphere. An analysis of crude pheromone extracts by GC equipped with an electroantennographic (EAG) detector showed four EAG-active components (Comps. I–IV) that were commonly involved in the pheromone glands of two subspecies inhabiting Japan and Finland. Comp. I is a major component (>75%) and the others are minor components (3% - 15%). Their mass spectra, measured by GC/MS, revealed the chemical structures of C21 unsaturated hydrocarbons as follows: 3,6,9-triene for Comp. I, 4,6,9-triene for Comp. II, 1,3,6,9-tetraene for Comp. III, and 2,4,6,9-tetraene for Comp. IV. Comps. I and III are known Type II pheromone compounds, and their retention times coincide with those of the authentic standards with all Z configurations. As a next step, the extract was analyzed by GC/FT-IR to determine the configuration of Comps. II and IV. Their IR spectra showed two characteristic C-H bending absorptions around 990 and 945 cm-1 due to the conjugated dienyl moieties;thus, Z and E configurations were assigned to the double bonds at the 2- and 4-positions, respectively. Their Z double bonds at the 6- and 9-positions are indicated by no absorptions around 970 cm-1, due to the isolated double bonds with E configurations. Finally, the structures of Comps. II and IV were confirmed by synthesis using a double Wittig reaction. The synthetic (4E,6Z,9Z)-4,6,9-triene and (2Z,4E,6Z,9Z)-2,4,6,9-tetraene showed strong EAG activity, and their chemical data coincided well with those of the natural Comps. II and IV, indicating the correctness of the structure determination by GC/FT-IR analysis and its usefulness for Type II pheromone compounds.展开更多
Background: Scarring alopecia like discoid lupus erythematosus, lichenplanopilaris and scarring folliculitis are common skin problems where differentiations between them are often difficult in many cases. Objective: T...Background: Scarring alopecia like discoid lupus erythematosus, lichenplanopilaris and scarring folliculitis are common skin problems where differentiations between them are often difficult in many cases. Objective: To report, study and evaluate cases of lichen planopilaris and characterize the different clinical points in favor of this disease. Patients and Methods: This case series descriptive study was done at Department of Dermatology-Baghdad Teaching Hospital from January 2010 to November 2012. Sixty seven patients were included where histological and dermatological examinations were carried out to all patients regarding all relevant points related to the disease. Punch biopsies were performed from ten patients for histopathological study. Results: The mean age of onset of the disease was 36.7 ± 5 years with a mean duration of the disease being 4.4 ± 3 years. The male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The characteristic lesions were pigmented scarring moth eaten alopecia surrounded by pigmented hyperkeratotic follicular papules involving mainly the fronto-vertical and parietal scalp. Conclusions: Lichen planopilaris is a common cause of scalp scarring alopecia in adult and it has many characteristic clinical features which can facilitate differentiation from other pathologic scalp conditions like discoid lupus erythematosus.展开更多
Baculoviruses are effective biological control agents for many insect pests. They not only efficiently challenge the host immune system but also make them hyperactive for better virus dispersal. Some investigations ha...Baculoviruses are effective biological control agents for many insect pests. They not only efficiently challenge the host immune system but also make them hyperactive for better virus dispersal. Some investigations have focused on the viral mechanisms for induction of such altered response from the host. However, there are no current studies monitoring changes in gene expression during this altered phenotype in infected larvae. The L. dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(Ld MNPV) induces hyperactivity in third instar L. dispar larvae at 3-days post infection(dpi), to continued till 6 dpi. The transcriptome profiles of the infected and uninfected larvae at these time points were analyzed to provide new clues on the response of the larvae towards infection during hyperactivity. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed, most of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were involved in proteolysis, extracellular region, and serine-type endopeptidase activity. Similarly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome enrichment analysis showed maximum enrichment of 487 genes of the signal transduction category and neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction sub-category with 85 annotated genes. In addition, enrichment map visualization of gene set enrichment analysis showed the coordinated response of neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction genes with other functional gene sets, as an important signal transduction mechanism during the hyperactive stage. Interestingly all the DEGs in neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions were serine proteases, their differential expression during the hyperactive stage correlated with their conceivable involvement in disease progression and the resulting altered phenotype during this period. The outcome provides a basic understanding of L. dispar larval responses to Ld MNPV infection during the hyperactive stage and helps to determine the important host factors involved in this process.展开更多
文摘Syphilitic alopecia (SA) is a rare skin manifestation in secondary syphilis and sometimes indistinguishable from other alopecia. SA is of 2 types, symptomatic and essential, and 3 clinical types, moth-eaten or patchy pattern, diffuse pattern and a combination of both. SA in our case indicated symptomatic SA with moth-eaten hairloss. A 46-year-old Japanese homosexual man experienced hairloss followed by the pruritic skin rash. Physical examination of the scalp showed diffusely spread papulosquamous erythema and incomplete hairloss around the lesions. The scalp lesions appeared as “moth-eaten alopecia”. Serological examination for syphilis and HIV were positive. Thus, SA complicated with HIV infection was diagnosed. He was treated with a single perioral dose of ampicillin for 4 weeks, then his condition improved rapidly and hair regrowth occurred. HIV-infected persons show a high incidence of syphilis. Therefore, HIV test should be considered for patients with alopecia.
文摘Fifteen subspecies of the wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), have been recorded in the Northern Hemisphere. An analysis of crude pheromone extracts by GC equipped with an electroantennographic (EAG) detector showed four EAG-active components (Comps. I–IV) that were commonly involved in the pheromone glands of two subspecies inhabiting Japan and Finland. Comp. I is a major component (>75%) and the others are minor components (3% - 15%). Their mass spectra, measured by GC/MS, revealed the chemical structures of C21 unsaturated hydrocarbons as follows: 3,6,9-triene for Comp. I, 4,6,9-triene for Comp. II, 1,3,6,9-tetraene for Comp. III, and 2,4,6,9-tetraene for Comp. IV. Comps. I and III are known Type II pheromone compounds, and their retention times coincide with those of the authentic standards with all Z configurations. As a next step, the extract was analyzed by GC/FT-IR to determine the configuration of Comps. II and IV. Their IR spectra showed two characteristic C-H bending absorptions around 990 and 945 cm-1 due to the conjugated dienyl moieties;thus, Z and E configurations were assigned to the double bonds at the 2- and 4-positions, respectively. Their Z double bonds at the 6- and 9-positions are indicated by no absorptions around 970 cm-1, due to the isolated double bonds with E configurations. Finally, the structures of Comps. II and IV were confirmed by synthesis using a double Wittig reaction. The synthetic (4E,6Z,9Z)-4,6,9-triene and (2Z,4E,6Z,9Z)-2,4,6,9-tetraene showed strong EAG activity, and their chemical data coincided well with those of the natural Comps. II and IV, indicating the correctness of the structure determination by GC/FT-IR analysis and its usefulness for Type II pheromone compounds.
文摘Background: Scarring alopecia like discoid lupus erythematosus, lichenplanopilaris and scarring folliculitis are common skin problems where differentiations between them are often difficult in many cases. Objective: To report, study and evaluate cases of lichen planopilaris and characterize the different clinical points in favor of this disease. Patients and Methods: This case series descriptive study was done at Department of Dermatology-Baghdad Teaching Hospital from January 2010 to November 2012. Sixty seven patients were included where histological and dermatological examinations were carried out to all patients regarding all relevant points related to the disease. Punch biopsies were performed from ten patients for histopathological study. Results: The mean age of onset of the disease was 36.7 ± 5 years with a mean duration of the disease being 4.4 ± 3 years. The male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The characteristic lesions were pigmented scarring moth eaten alopecia surrounded by pigmented hyperkeratotic follicular papules involving mainly the fronto-vertical and parietal scalp. Conclusions: Lichen planopilaris is a common cause of scalp scarring alopecia in adult and it has many characteristic clinical features which can facilitate differentiation from other pathologic scalp conditions like discoid lupus erythematosus.
基金supported by NSFC Grant(31670659)Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Welfare(201404403-09)Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Project(2014KTCL02-14)
文摘Baculoviruses are effective biological control agents for many insect pests. They not only efficiently challenge the host immune system but also make them hyperactive for better virus dispersal. Some investigations have focused on the viral mechanisms for induction of such altered response from the host. However, there are no current studies monitoring changes in gene expression during this altered phenotype in infected larvae. The L. dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(Ld MNPV) induces hyperactivity in third instar L. dispar larvae at 3-days post infection(dpi), to continued till 6 dpi. The transcriptome profiles of the infected and uninfected larvae at these time points were analyzed to provide new clues on the response of the larvae towards infection during hyperactivity. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed, most of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were involved in proteolysis, extracellular region, and serine-type endopeptidase activity. Similarly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome enrichment analysis showed maximum enrichment of 487 genes of the signal transduction category and neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction sub-category with 85 annotated genes. In addition, enrichment map visualization of gene set enrichment analysis showed the coordinated response of neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction genes with other functional gene sets, as an important signal transduction mechanism during the hyperactive stage. Interestingly all the DEGs in neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions were serine proteases, their differential expression during the hyperactive stage correlated with their conceivable involvement in disease progression and the resulting altered phenotype during this period. The outcome provides a basic understanding of L. dispar larval responses to Ld MNPV infection during the hyperactive stage and helps to determine the important host factors involved in this process.
