3-PRPS踝关节康复机器人逆运动学仿真分析

针对踝关节康复机器人自由度少且行程范围小等导致康复效果不理想的问题,本文设计了一种基于3-PRPS并联机构的6自由度踝关节康复机器人,对踝关节所有运动形式及下肢进行复合康复训练。通过解析求解法对并联机构进行逆运动学位置分析计算,得到逆运动学求解的代数式。为验证机构运动学分析的正确性,建立康复机器人的虚拟样机,利用ADAMS进行逆运动学仿真。结果表明,康复机器人在康复训练过程中运行平稳,速度及加速度无突变,能够完成踝关节趾屈/背伸、外展/内收、内翻/外翻3种运动形式和下肢的康复训练,符合预期效果。

Structure Design of Underwater Micro Robot

A submergible robot model has been presented, and for 3D printing measures, their parts have been modified enough. It has been shown in our design that using printable connectors—a few engines and weight arrangements can be carried out, permitting distinctive moving prospects. After presenting our configuration and delineating a bunch of potential structures, a helpful model dependent on open-source equipment and programming arrangements has been presented conditionally. The model can be effectively tried in a few makes-a plunge streams and lakes throughout the planet. The unwavering quality of the printed models can be strained distinctly in generally shallow waters. Nonetheless, we accept that their accessibility will inspire the overall population to construct and test submerged robots, subsequently accelerating the improvement of imaginative arrangements and applications.

遥操作系统中MOTOMAN-SV3X机器人的运动建模研究

研究了遥操作系统中MOTOMANSV3X机器人的运动学模型及使之通用化的建模方法 .首先提出用符合人们习惯的方法规定各机器人关节坐标系的方向 ,可以使得用Denavit Hartenberg方法建立的MOTOMANSV3X机器人运动学模型有通用性和可移植性 ;提出当机器人 3个相邻且正交的关节轴线交于一点时 ,逆解运算可以有简捷的运算方法 ,并用这种方法求得了MO TOMANSV3X机器人的运动逆解 .最后分析了这种机器人的工作空间 .本文所得公式不仅适用于MOTOMANSV3X ,也可直接移植到与之有相同自由度布局的机器人 。

3-PSS柔性并联微操作机器人柔度分析

柔度矩阵建模是进行全柔性机构分析的基础。针对3-PSS型柔性并联微操作机器人,首先基于坐标变换法计算机构单条支链柔度矩阵,并基于此建立机器人整体柔度矩阵模型。然后进行数值算例计算和Ansys有限元仿真分析,并将理论计算结果与有限元分析结果进行对比,验证了柔度矩阵建模的正确性。最后对柔性并联机器人进行了柔度性能分析,并得出了机构的结构参数对柔度的影响规律,分析结果对3-PSS型柔性并联机构的结构优化设计提供了依据。

A 3D Simulator for Autonomous Robotic Fish

This paper presents a 3D simulator used for studying the motion control and autonomous navigation of robotic fish. The simulator’s system structure and computation flow are presented. Simplified kinematics and hydrodynamics models for a virtual robotic fish are proposed. Many other object models are created for water, obstacles, sonar sensors and a swimming pool. Experimental results show that the simulator provides a realistic and convenient way to develop autonomous navigation algorithms for robotic fish.

3D reconstruction of worn parts for flexible remanufacture based on robotic arc welding

3D reconstruction of worn parts is the foundation for remanufacturing system based on robotic arc welding, because it can provide 3D geometric information for robot task plan. In this investigation, a novel 3D reconstruction system based on linear structured light vision sensing is developed. This system hardware consists of a MTC368-CB CCD camera, a MLH-645 laser projector and a DH-CG300 image grabbing card. This system software is developed to control the image data capture. In order to reconstruct the 3D geometric information from the captured image, a two steps rapid calibration algorithm is proposed. The 3D reconstruction experiment shows a satisfactory result.

3-D Locomotion control for a biomimetic robot fish

This paper concerns with 3-D locomotion control methods for a biomimetic robot fish. The system architecture of the fish is firstly presented based on a physical model of carangiform fish. The robot fish has a flexible body, a rigid caudal fin and a pair of pectoral fins, driven by several servomotors. The motion control of the robot fish are then divided into speed control, orientation control, submerge control and transient motion control, corresponding algorithms are detailed respectively. Finally, experiments and analyses on a 4-link, radio-controlled robot fish prototype with 3-D locomotion show its good performance.

Concrete Defects Inspection and 3D Mapping Using City Flyer Quadrotor Robot

The concrete aging problem has gained more attention in recent years as more bridges and tunnels in the United States lack proper maintenance. Though the Federal Highway Administration requires these public concrete structures to be inspected regularly, on-site manual inspection by human operators is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Conventional inspection approaches for concrete inspection, using RGB imagebased thresholding methods, are not able to determine metric information as well as accurate location information for assessed defects for conditions. To address this challenge, we propose a deep neural network(DNN) based concrete inspection system using a quadrotor flying robot(referred to as City Flyer) mounted with an RGB-D camera. The inspection system introduces several novel modules. Firstly, a visual-inertial fusion approach is introduced to perform camera and robot positioning and structure 3 D metric reconstruction. The reconstructed map is used to retrieve the location and metric information of the defects.Secondly, we introduce a DNN model, namely Ada Net, to detect concrete spalling and cracking, with the capability of maintaining robustness under various distances between the camera and concrete surface. In order to train the model, we craft a new dataset, i.e., the concrete structure spalling and cracking(CSSC)dataset, which is released publicly to the research community.Finally, we introduce a 3 D semantic mapping method using the annotated framework to reconstruct the concrete structure for visualization. We performed comparative studies and demonstrated that our Ada Net can achieve 8.41% higher detection accuracy than Res Nets and VGGs. Moreover, we conducted five field tests, of which three are manual hand-held tests and two are drone-based field tests. These results indicate that our system is capable of performing metric field inspection,and can serve as an effective tool for civil engineers.

Robots协议的法律效力探析——兼评百度诉360一案

自从奇虎360公司进军搜索引擎行业以来,其与百度公司之间的摩擦不断升级。百度在自己旗下的网站设置robots协议白名单,将360搜索引擎排除在外,而360则公然绕过robots协议,强行抓取百度网站页面。由于法律无明文规定,关于robots协议的法律效力值得探讨,但不管从哪个角度来分析,恶意越过robots协议强行抓取网页或窥探隐私都应受到法律制裁,其具体是违反著作权法还是构成不正当竞争行为应视具体情况加以分析与选择。

Location estimation of autonomous driving robot and 3D tunnel mapping in underground mines using pattern matched LiDAR sequential images

In this study,a machine vision-based pattern matching technique was applied to estimate the location of an autonomous driving robot and perform 3D tunnel mapping in an underground mine environment.The autonomous driving robot continuously detects the wall of the tunnel in the horizontal direction using the light detection and ranging(Li DAR)sensor and performs pattern matching by recognizing the shape of the tunnel wall.The proposed method was designed to measure the heading of the robot by fusion with the inertial measurement units sensor according to the pattern matching accuracy;it is combined with the encoder sensor to estimate the location of the robot.In addition,when the robot is driving,the vertical direction of the underground mine is scanned through the vertical Li DAR sensor and stacked to create a 3D map of the underground mine.The performance of the proposed method was superior to that of previous studies;the mean absolute error achieved was 0.08 m for the X-Y axes.A root mean square error of 0.05 m^(2)was achieved by comparing the tunnel section maps that were created by the autonomous driving robot to those of manual surveying.

3D obstacle detection of indoor mobile robots by floor detection and rejection

Obstacle detection is essential for mobile robots to avoid collision with obstacles.Mobile robots usually operate in indoor environments,where they encounter various kinds of obstacles;however,2D range sensor can sense obstacles only in 2D plane.In contrast,by using 3D range sensor,it is possible to detect ground and aerial obstacles that 2D range sensor cannot sense.In this paper,we present a 3D obstacle detection method that will help overcome the limitations of 2D range sensor with regard to obstacle detection.The indoor environment typically consists of a flat floor.The position of the floor can be determined by estimating the plane using the least squares method.Having determined the position of the floor,the points of obstacles can be known by rejecting the points of the floor.In the experimental section,we show the results of this approach using a Kinect sensor.

3-D Animation as Applied to the Solving of Coupling Relations in the 6-DOF Parallel Robot

How to solve the coupling relations in a 6 - DOF parallel robot quickly and accurately within the limits of realtime control is a critical problem. In traditional analytic method, the complicated mathemtical model must first be constructed and then solved by programming.Obviously, this method is not very practical. This paper,therefore, proposes a new way of approach with a new method using 3- D animation for the solving of coupling relations in the 6 - DOF parallel robot. This method is much simpler and its solving accuracy approaches that of the more complicated analytic method.

Directional Point Net:3D Environmental Classification for Wearable Robots

A subject who wears a suitable robotic device will be able to walk in complex environments with the aid of environmental recognition schemes that provide reliable prior information of the human motion intent.Researchers have utilized 1 D laser signals and 2 D depth images to classify environments,but those approaches can face the problems of self-occlusion.In comparison,3 D point cloud is more appropriate for depicting the environments.This paper proposes a directional PointNet to directly classify the 3 D point cloud.First,an inertial measurement unit(IMU)is used to offset the orientation of point cloud.Then the directional PointNet can accurately classify the daily commuted terrains,including level ground,climbing up stairways,and walking down stairs.A classification accuracy of 98%has been achieved in tests.Moreover,the directional PointNet is more efficient than the previously used PointNet because the T-net,which is utilized to estimate the transformation of the point cloud,is not used in the present approach,and the length of the global feature is optimized.The experimental results demonstrate that the directional PointNet can classify the environments in robust and efficient manner.

3自由度胸鳍机器鱼动力学建模及推进性能分析

为了提高仿生机器鱼在复杂水环境中的游动性能和推进效率,文中设计了一种3自由度胸鳍机器鱼推进机构,研究了鱼体在3自由度胸鳍推进和两侧胸鳍与尾鳍协同推进两种模式下的游动性能。首先,基于鱼体波传播理论分析3自由度胸鳍关节空间运动规律,采用微元法分析建立其动力学模型,并对不同推进方式下运动参数的影响程度进行了比较和仿真。仿真结果表明:当两个胸鳍相互协同时,机器鱼的平均速度为0.28 m/s,当双侧胸鳍与尾鳍共同协同时,机器鱼的平均速度为0.42 m/s,对比发现胸鳍和尾鳍协同推进时速度更高且推力更大,可实现较宽的游速范围,推进性能更好。

Development of 3D Scanning System for Robotic Plasma Processing of Medical Products with Complex Geometries

This paper describes the development of an intelligent automated control system of a robot manipulator for plasma treatment of medical implants with complex shapes.The two-layer coatings from the Ti wire and hydroxyapatite powders are applied on the surface of Ti medical implants by microplasma spraying to increase the biocompatibility of implants.The coating process requires precise control of a number of parameters,particularly the plasma spray distance and plasma jet traverse velocity.Thus,the development of the robotic plasma surface treatment involves automated path planning.The key idea of the proposed intelligent automatic control system is the use of data of preliminary three-dimensional (3D) scanning of the processed implant by the robot manipulator.The segmentation algorithm of the point cloud from laser scanning of the surface is developed.This methodology is suitable for robotic 3D scanning systems with both non-contact laser distance sensors and video cameras,used in additive manufacturing and medicine.

3D Software Technology, Applicable in Elaboration of the Spatial Face Gear Drives for Incorporation into Robot Systems

The study treats a specific technological approach for the elaboration of small manufacturing series of highly precise hyperboloid gears with small module of the teeth and with not big dimensions of the gear mechanism. It is based on the application of the elaborated by authors mathematical models, algorithms and computer programs for synthesis upon a pitch contact point and upon a mesh region. A special feature of the established approach is the application of 3D software prototyping and 3D printing of the designed transmissions. The presented here models of the transmissions with crossed axes and face mated gears are indented for implementation into the driving of two type robots: bio-robot hand and walking robot with four insect-type legs.

An Improved High Precision 3D Semantic Mapping of Indoor Scenes from RGB-D Images

This paper proposes an improved high-precision 3D semantic mapping method for indoor scenes using RGB-D images.The current semantic mapping algorithms suffer from low semantic annotation accuracy and insufficient real-time performance.To address these issues,we first adopt the Elastic Fusion algorithm to select key frames from indoor environment image sequences captured by the Kinect sensor and construct the indoor environment space model.Then,an indoor RGB-D image semantic segmentation network is proposed,which uses multi-scale feature fusion to quickly and accurately obtain object labeling information at the pixel level of the spatial point cloud model.Finally,Bayesian updating is used to conduct incremental semantic label fusion on the established spatial point cloud model.We also employ dense conditional random fields(CRF)to optimize the 3D semantic map model,resulting in a high-precision spatial semantic map of indoor scenes.Experimental results show that the proposed semantic mapping system can process image sequences collected by RGB-D sensors in real-time and output accurate semantic segmentation results of indoor scene images and the current local spatial semantic map.Finally,it constructs a globally consistent high-precision indoor scenes 3D semantic map.

多机器人协同路径的时域协作-势场A*规划

为了减小多机器人协同工作路径长度并提高路径平滑度,提出了基于时域协作-势场A*算法的多机器人协同规划方法。建立了机器人工作环境的栅格模型,分析了传统A*算法辅助信息不充分的问题。为了充分利用环境中的障碍物和目标点位置等先验信息,基于势场法将障碍物和目标点信息引入到A*算法辅助信息中,提出了基于势场A*算法的单机器人路径规划方法。使用三维时空图代替二维平面图,可以有效判断出多机器人碰撞问题,并根据碰撞类型制定了避撞策略。经验证,势场A*算法规划的路径长度和平滑度均优于传统A*算法、文献[11]蚁群算法;在多机器人协同路径规划中,在规划出各机器人最优路径基础上,可以有效解决机器人之间的碰撞问题。实验结果验证了时域协作-势场A*算法在多机器人协同路径规划中的有效性和优越性。

3-RPS并联机器人静力学研究及SimMechanics仿真

针对传统的建模方法忽略连杆自身重力并具有较大误差这一问题,对单个杆件在铰链约束及重力作用下的受力情况进行分析,推导出机器人处于任意位姿时连杆受力与动平台负载力(矩)二者的关系,从而建立了3-RPS并联机器人完整的静力学模型.利用Matlab的SimMechanics和Simulink模块库构造出该3-RPS并联机器人的仿真模型,对该模型进行受力仿真,验证了静力学模型的正确性.该研究同样适用于其他种类的3自由度并联机器人.