Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder(DCD) are both childhood disorders identified in the DSM-Ⅳ.Studies investigating ADHD have found that around half of ADHD cases al...Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder(DCD) are both childhood disorders identified in the DSM-Ⅳ.Studies investigating ADHD have found that around half of ADHD cases also have motor problems severe enough to be diagnosed as DCD.Further,children initially diagnosed as DCD have also been found to meet moderate to severe diagnosis for ADHD.Both disorders have been linked to a lot of psychosocial problems.Furthermore,when ADHD and DCD are co-morbid,the outcome tends to be more severe than when either disorder occurs alone.In the past decade,many studies identified shown that ADHD children experienced difficulties with both fine motor movements and gross motor movements.Notably,most of these foregoing studies found balance functions of ADHD were impaired.In order to maintain balance under a verity of environmental conditions,sensory information from somatosensory,visual,and vestibular origins must be integrated by the central nervous system.But there are rich evidences suggesting that children with ADHD can not organize the motor information effectively.The maintenance and control of posture and balance,whether in static or dynamic conditions,are essential requirements for daily activity.The balance function has been closely associated not only with both gross motor movements,such as sitting,standing,walking and fine motor movements,but also with human behaviors.There are increasing evidences suggesting that balance deficit correlates with symptoms of ADHD.Therefore,motor coordination difficulties co-occurring with ADHD should be given emphasis in clinical practice;the training of balance may be one of the possible methods to improve the motor coordination function in ADHD children.展开更多
目的探讨合并脑损伤高危因素的小于胎龄儿的早期运动发育特点。方法回顾性纳入2022年2~10月在西安市儿童医院新生儿随访门诊随访,合并脑损伤高危因素且在校正年龄(corrected age,CA)2~5周或CA14~17周随访并完成一次婴儿运动能力测试(Tes...目的探讨合并脑损伤高危因素的小于胎龄儿的早期运动发育特点。方法回顾性纳入2022年2~10月在西安市儿童医院新生儿随访门诊随访,合并脑损伤高危因素且在校正年龄(corrected age,CA)2~5周或CA14~17周随访并完成一次婴儿运动能力测试(Test of Infant Motor Performanc,TIMP)的小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)和适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)共81例。CA2~5周随访到SGA 17例(SGA组),AGA 24例(AGA组);CA14~17周随访到SGA 20例(SGA组),AGA 20例(AGA组)。采用两独立样本t检验、秩和检验及χ^(2)检验比较组间的人口学特征、脑损伤高危因素及TIMP各项评分的差异。结果CA2~5周和CA14~17周,SGA组的出生体重均低于AGA组[(1817.1±440.3)与(2630.0±560.9)g,t=-4.98;(1752.0±434.4)与(2226.3±699.8)g,t=-2.58;P值均<0.05],但2组的出生胎龄、脑损伤高危因素差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。(1)CA2~5周:SGA组TIMP原始总分[(71.6±13.7)与(80.5±11.5)分,t=-2.26,P=0.029]、引出项评分[61.0分(41.0~85.0分)与69.1分(49.0~96.0分),Z=-2.15,P=0.037]和坐位[8.8分(3.0~19.0分)与11.2分(5.0~22.0分),Z=-2.07,P=0.038]、俯卧位评分[(9.8±3.1)与(12.3±3.1)分,t=-2.19,P=0.034]均低于AGA组。(2)CA14~17周:SGA组患儿的TIMP站立位评分低于AGA组[6.5分(4.0~11.0分)与7.7分(2.0~11.0分),Z=-2.05,P=0.040],但原始总分及坐位、仰卧位、俯卧位、翻身、侧方位各体位评分组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论5月龄前,SGA的早期运动能力较AGA低,在CA2~5周主要表现为头控能力相对落后,在CA14~17周时头控能力落后延续至站立位。展开更多
目的 使用成分数据分析法探究孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童24 h活动与基本动作技能(FMS)的相关性,以及各活动等时替代后FMS的预期变化,为提高ASD儿童FMS水平提供参考依据。方法 2023年10月至2024年4月,采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取济南市7所...目的 使用成分数据分析法探究孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童24 h活动与基本动作技能(FMS)的相关性,以及各活动等时替代后FMS的预期变化,为提高ASD儿童FMS水平提供参考依据。方法 2023年10月至2024年4月,采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取济南市7所特殊教育学校301名6~10岁ASD儿童,使用加速度计和粗大肌肉动作发展测试调查其24 h活动和FMS水平,使用R软件对成分数据进行描述性统计、多元线性回归和等时替代效益分析。结果 ASD儿童中高强度体力活动(MVPA)时间占比与FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分均呈正相关(β值分别为12.42,6.32,6.10,P值均<0.01)。将15 min MVPA替代睡眠(SLP),ASD儿童的FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分分别增加3.66,1.91,1.75分;将15 min MVPA替代久坐行为(SB),ASD儿童的FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分分别增加3.72,1.88,1.83分;将15 min MVPA替代低强度体力活动(LPA),ASD儿童的FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分分别增加3.32,1.57,1.74分(P值均<0.05)。此外,将15 min LPA替代SB,ASD儿童的移动技能得分增加0.28分(P<0.05)。“剂量-效应”分析显示,MVPA替代SLP、SB、LPA均可提升ASD儿童的FMS水平,且MVPA与SLP、SB、LPA的相互替代效应具有不对称性;LPA替代SB可提升ASD儿童的移动技能水平。结论 24 h活动中,MVPA、LPA时间对ASD儿童基本动作技能增加有积极作用。学校和家庭应优化ASD儿童24 h活动时间分配,以促进ASD儿童FMS水平的提升。展开更多
文摘Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder(DCD) are both childhood disorders identified in the DSM-Ⅳ.Studies investigating ADHD have found that around half of ADHD cases also have motor problems severe enough to be diagnosed as DCD.Further,children initially diagnosed as DCD have also been found to meet moderate to severe diagnosis for ADHD.Both disorders have been linked to a lot of psychosocial problems.Furthermore,when ADHD and DCD are co-morbid,the outcome tends to be more severe than when either disorder occurs alone.In the past decade,many studies identified shown that ADHD children experienced difficulties with both fine motor movements and gross motor movements.Notably,most of these foregoing studies found balance functions of ADHD were impaired.In order to maintain balance under a verity of environmental conditions,sensory information from somatosensory,visual,and vestibular origins must be integrated by the central nervous system.But there are rich evidences suggesting that children with ADHD can not organize the motor information effectively.The maintenance and control of posture and balance,whether in static or dynamic conditions,are essential requirements for daily activity.The balance function has been closely associated not only with both gross motor movements,such as sitting,standing,walking and fine motor movements,but also with human behaviors.There are increasing evidences suggesting that balance deficit correlates with symptoms of ADHD.Therefore,motor coordination difficulties co-occurring with ADHD should be given emphasis in clinical practice;the training of balance may be one of the possible methods to improve the motor coordination function in ADHD children.
文摘目的探讨合并脑损伤高危因素的小于胎龄儿的早期运动发育特点。方法回顾性纳入2022年2~10月在西安市儿童医院新生儿随访门诊随访,合并脑损伤高危因素且在校正年龄(corrected age,CA)2~5周或CA14~17周随访并完成一次婴儿运动能力测试(Test of Infant Motor Performanc,TIMP)的小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)和适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)共81例。CA2~5周随访到SGA 17例(SGA组),AGA 24例(AGA组);CA14~17周随访到SGA 20例(SGA组),AGA 20例(AGA组)。采用两独立样本t检验、秩和检验及χ^(2)检验比较组间的人口学特征、脑损伤高危因素及TIMP各项评分的差异。结果CA2~5周和CA14~17周,SGA组的出生体重均低于AGA组[(1817.1±440.3)与(2630.0±560.9)g,t=-4.98;(1752.0±434.4)与(2226.3±699.8)g,t=-2.58;P值均<0.05],但2组的出生胎龄、脑损伤高危因素差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。(1)CA2~5周:SGA组TIMP原始总分[(71.6±13.7)与(80.5±11.5)分,t=-2.26,P=0.029]、引出项评分[61.0分(41.0~85.0分)与69.1分(49.0~96.0分),Z=-2.15,P=0.037]和坐位[8.8分(3.0~19.0分)与11.2分(5.0~22.0分),Z=-2.07,P=0.038]、俯卧位评分[(9.8±3.1)与(12.3±3.1)分,t=-2.19,P=0.034]均低于AGA组。(2)CA14~17周:SGA组患儿的TIMP站立位评分低于AGA组[6.5分(4.0~11.0分)与7.7分(2.0~11.0分),Z=-2.05,P=0.040],但原始总分及坐位、仰卧位、俯卧位、翻身、侧方位各体位评分组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论5月龄前,SGA的早期运动能力较AGA低,在CA2~5周主要表现为头控能力相对落后,在CA14~17周时头控能力落后延续至站立位。
文摘目的 使用成分数据分析法探究孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童24 h活动与基本动作技能(FMS)的相关性,以及各活动等时替代后FMS的预期变化,为提高ASD儿童FMS水平提供参考依据。方法 2023年10月至2024年4月,采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取济南市7所特殊教育学校301名6~10岁ASD儿童,使用加速度计和粗大肌肉动作发展测试调查其24 h活动和FMS水平,使用R软件对成分数据进行描述性统计、多元线性回归和等时替代效益分析。结果 ASD儿童中高强度体力活动(MVPA)时间占比与FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分均呈正相关(β值分别为12.42,6.32,6.10,P值均<0.01)。将15 min MVPA替代睡眠(SLP),ASD儿童的FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分分别增加3.66,1.91,1.75分;将15 min MVPA替代久坐行为(SB),ASD儿童的FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分分别增加3.72,1.88,1.83分;将15 min MVPA替代低强度体力活动(LPA),ASD儿童的FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分分别增加3.32,1.57,1.74分(P值均<0.05)。此外,将15 min LPA替代SB,ASD儿童的移动技能得分增加0.28分(P<0.05)。“剂量-效应”分析显示,MVPA替代SLP、SB、LPA均可提升ASD儿童的FMS水平,且MVPA与SLP、SB、LPA的相互替代效应具有不对称性;LPA替代SB可提升ASD儿童的移动技能水平。结论 24 h活动中,MVPA、LPA时间对ASD儿童基本动作技能增加有积极作用。学校和家庭应优化ASD儿童24 h活动时间分配,以促进ASD儿童FMS水平的提升。
