As a core infrastructure of high-speed railways,ballast layers constituted by graded crushed stones feature noteworthy particle movement compared with normal railways,which may cause excessive settlement and have detr...As a core infrastructure of high-speed railways,ballast layers constituted by graded crushed stones feature noteworthy particle movement compared with normal railways,which may cause excessive settlement and have detrimental effects on train operation.However,the movement behavior remains ambiguous due to a lack of effective measurement approaches and analytical methods.In this study,an image-aided technique was developed in a full-scale model test using digital cameras and a colorbased identification approach.A total of 1274 surface ballast particles were manually dyed by discernible colors to serve as tracers in the test.The movements of the surface ballast particles were tracked using the varied pixels displaying tracers in the photos that were intermittently taken during the test in the perpendicular direction.The movement behavior of ballast particles under different combinations of train speeds and axle loads was quantitatively evaluated.The obtained results indicated that the surface ballast particle movements were slight,mainly concentrated near sleepers under low-speed train loads and greatly amplified and extended to the whole surface when the train speed reached 360 km.h-1.Additionally,the development of ballast particle displacement statistically resembled its rotation.Track vibration contributed to the movements of ballast particles,which specifically were driven by vertical acceleration near the track center and horizontal acceleration at the track edge.Furthermore,the development trends of ballast particle movements and track settlement under long-term train loading were similar,and both stabilized at nearly the same time.The track performance,including the vibration characteristics,accumulated settlement,and sleeper support stiffness,was determined to be closely related to the direction and distribution of ballast particle flow,which partly deteriorated under high-speed train loads.展开更多
Features of the motion of gel particles in a three-phase bubble column with non-foaming and foaming gas–liquid systems,determined by using experiments of radioactive particle tracking(RPT),have been compared.The trac...Features of the motion of gel particles in a three-phase bubble column with non-foaming and foaming gas–liquid systems,determined by using experiments of radioactive particle tracking(RPT),have been compared.The tracer used is a gel particle which resembles typical immobilized biocatalyst.The tracer trajectory is analyzed to extract relevant information for design purposes.The solid velocity field,turbulence parameters,dispersion coefficients,mixing times and flow transitions are determined and compared.The presence of foam significantly affects many quantified parameters,especially within the heterogeneous flow regime.The hydrodynamic stresses are reduced in the presence of foam,especially close to the disengagement.The dispersion coefficients also decrease,and the solid mixing time is only slightly affected by the presence of foam.Gas holdup,inferred both from RPT experiments and from gamma ray scanning,is higher for foaming systems and leads to a shift in the transition gas velocity towards higher values.展开更多
Liquid-solid binary fluidized beds are widely used in many industries. However, the flow behavior of such beds is not well understood due to the lack of accurate experimental and numerical data. In the current study, ...Liquid-solid binary fluidized beds are widely used in many industries. However, the flow behavior of such beds is not well understood due to the lack of accurate experimental and numerical data. In the current study, the behavior of monodisperse and binary liquid-solid fluidized beds of the same density but dif- ferent sizes is investigated using radioactive particle tracking （RPT） technique and a dense discrete phase model （DDPM）. Experiments and simulations are performed in monodisperse fluidized beds containing two different sizes of glass beads （0.6 and I mm） and a binary fluidized bed of the same particles for vari- ous bed compositions. The results show that both RPT and DDPM can predict the mixing and segregation pattern in liquid-solid binary fluidized beds. The mean velocity predictions of DDPM are in good agree- ment with the experimental findings for both monodisperse and binary fluidized beds. However, the axial root mean square velocity predictions are only reasonable for bigger particles. Particle-particle interac- tions are found to be critical for predicting the flow behavior of solids in liquid-solid binary fluidized beds.展开更多
弯管作为气田集输管道输送系统中的常用组件,极易受到固体颗粒对管壁的冲蚀破坏。为了研究输气管道的冲蚀规律、预测弯管最大冲蚀位置,采用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法计算了管内气、固两相的流动情况,在Eulerian坐标系下求解气体连续相流...弯管作为气田集输管道输送系统中的常用组件,极易受到固体颗粒对管壁的冲蚀破坏。为了研究输气管道的冲蚀规律、预测弯管最大冲蚀位置,采用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法计算了管内气、固两相的流动情况,在Eulerian坐标系下求解气体连续相流场,在Lagrangian坐标系下求解颗粒离散相运动轨迹,利用Erosion/Corrosion Research Center(E/CRC)冲蚀模型以及Grant和Tabakoff颗粒—壁面碰撞模型计算管壁冲蚀速率。数值计算过程中考虑了气、固两相之间的双向耦合作用,利用多种模型研究了在不同弯径比及颗粒直径影响下的弯管冲蚀规律、颗粒运动轨迹及弯管最大冲蚀角度,并提出最大冲蚀位置预测方程。研究结果表明:①固体颗粒对弯管的冲蚀存在着临界直径,在颗粒临界直径前后的冲蚀规律明显不同;②固体颗粒直接碰撞和滑动碰撞共同作用导致弯管出现不同的冲蚀形貌,并影响最大冲蚀速率的出现位置;③根据临界颗粒直径以及管道中颗粒运动轨迹提出的冲蚀最严重位置预测方程能很好地预测弯头处最大冲蚀角度,可以为输气管道冲蚀预测提供参考。展开更多
基金The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52008369,52125803,and 51988101)。
文摘As a core infrastructure of high-speed railways,ballast layers constituted by graded crushed stones feature noteworthy particle movement compared with normal railways,which may cause excessive settlement and have detrimental effects on train operation.However,the movement behavior remains ambiguous due to a lack of effective measurement approaches and analytical methods.In this study,an image-aided technique was developed in a full-scale model test using digital cameras and a colorbased identification approach.A total of 1274 surface ballast particles were manually dyed by discernible colors to serve as tracers in the test.The movements of the surface ballast particles were tracked using the varied pixels displaying tracers in the photos that were intermittently taken during the test in the perpendicular direction.The movement behavior of ballast particles under different combinations of train speeds and axle loads was quantitatively evaluated.The obtained results indicated that the surface ballast particle movements were slight,mainly concentrated near sleepers under low-speed train loads and greatly amplified and extended to the whole surface when the train speed reached 360 km.h-1.Additionally,the development of ballast particle displacement statistically resembled its rotation.Track vibration contributed to the movements of ballast particles,which specifically were driven by vertical acceleration near the track center and horizontal acceleration at the track edge.Furthermore,the development trends of ballast particle movements and track settlement under long-term train loading were similar,and both stabilized at nearly the same time.The track performance,including the vibration characteristics,accumulated settlement,and sleeper support stiffness,was determined to be closely related to the direction and distribution of ballast particle flow,which partly deteriorated under high-speed train loads.
基金Supported by the FONCyT(PICT2014-0704)CONICET(PIP1122015-0100902CO)Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBACyT 20020130100544BA)
文摘Features of the motion of gel particles in a three-phase bubble column with non-foaming and foaming gas–liquid systems,determined by using experiments of radioactive particle tracking(RPT),have been compared.The tracer used is a gel particle which resembles typical immobilized biocatalyst.The tracer trajectory is analyzed to extract relevant information for design purposes.The solid velocity field,turbulence parameters,dispersion coefficients,mixing times and flow transitions are determined and compared.The presence of foam significantly affects many quantified parameters,especially within the heterogeneous flow regime.The hydrodynamic stresses are reduced in the presence of foam,especially close to the disengagement.The dispersion coefficients also decrease,and the solid mixing time is only slightly affected by the presence of foam.Gas holdup,inferred both from RPT experiments and from gamma ray scanning,is higher for foaming systems and leads to a shift in the transition gas velocity towards higher values.
文摘Liquid-solid binary fluidized beds are widely used in many industries. However, the flow behavior of such beds is not well understood due to the lack of accurate experimental and numerical data. In the current study, the behavior of monodisperse and binary liquid-solid fluidized beds of the same density but dif- ferent sizes is investigated using radioactive particle tracking （RPT） technique and a dense discrete phase model （DDPM）. Experiments and simulations are performed in monodisperse fluidized beds containing two different sizes of glass beads （0.6 and I mm） and a binary fluidized bed of the same particles for vari- ous bed compositions. The results show that both RPT and DDPM can predict the mixing and segregation pattern in liquid-solid binary fluidized beds. The mean velocity predictions of DDPM are in good agree- ment with the experimental findings for both monodisperse and binary fluidized beds. However, the axial root mean square velocity predictions are only reasonable for bigger particles. Particle-particle interac- tions are found to be critical for predicting the flow behavior of solids in liquid-solid binary fluidized beds.
文摘弯管作为气田集输管道输送系统中的常用组件,极易受到固体颗粒对管壁的冲蚀破坏。为了研究输气管道的冲蚀规律、预测弯管最大冲蚀位置,采用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法计算了管内气、固两相的流动情况,在Eulerian坐标系下求解气体连续相流场,在Lagrangian坐标系下求解颗粒离散相运动轨迹,利用Erosion/Corrosion Research Center(E/CRC)冲蚀模型以及Grant和Tabakoff颗粒—壁面碰撞模型计算管壁冲蚀速率。数值计算过程中考虑了气、固两相之间的双向耦合作用,利用多种模型研究了在不同弯径比及颗粒直径影响下的弯管冲蚀规律、颗粒运动轨迹及弯管最大冲蚀角度,并提出最大冲蚀位置预测方程。研究结果表明:①固体颗粒对弯管的冲蚀存在着临界直径,在颗粒临界直径前后的冲蚀规律明显不同;②固体颗粒直接碰撞和滑动碰撞共同作用导致弯管出现不同的冲蚀形貌,并影响最大冲蚀速率的出现位置;③根据临界颗粒直径以及管道中颗粒运动轨迹提出的冲蚀最严重位置预测方程能很好地预测弯头处最大冲蚀角度,可以为输气管道冲蚀预测提供参考。
