Climate changes induced by human activities have attracted a great amount of attention. With this, a coupling system of an atmospheric chemistry model and a climate model is greatly needed in China for better understa...Climate changes induced by human activities have attracted a great amount of attention. With this, a coupling system of an atmospheric chemistry model and a climate model is greatly needed in China for better understanding the interaction between atmospheric chemical components and the climate. As the first step to realize this coupling goal, the three-dimensional global atmospheric chemistry transport model MOZART-2 (the global Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2) coupled with CAM2 (the Community Atmosphere Model, version 2) is set up and the model results are compared against observations obtained in East Asia in order to evaluate the model performance. Comparison of simulated ozone mixing ratios with ground level observations at Minamitorishima and Ryori and with ozonesonde data at Naha and Tateno in Japan shows that the observed ozone concentrations can be reproduced reasonably well at Minamitorishima but they tend to be slightly overestimated in winter and autumn while underestimated a little in summer at Ryori. The model also captures the general features of surface CO seasonal variations quite well, while it underestimates CO levels at both Minamitorishima and Ryori. The underestimation is primarily associated with the emission inventory adopted in this study. Compared with the ozonesonde data, the simulated vertical gradient and magnitude of ozone can be reasonably well simulated with a little overestimation in winter, especially in the upper troposphere. The model also generally captures the seasonal, latitudinal and altitudinal variations in ozone concentration. Analysis indicates that the underestimation of tropopause height in February contributes to the overestimation of winter ozone in the upper and middle troposphere at Tateno.展开更多
Whoever thinks of Empress Sisi,Sacher cake,skiing or the Vienna Opera Ball first in connection with Austria is not wrong at all,but this individual does overlook one important factor:Austria is actually an extremely i...Whoever thinks of Empress Sisi,Sacher cake,skiing or the Vienna Opera Ball first in connection with Austria is not wrong at all,but this individual does overlook one important factor:Austria is actually an extremely innovative and profitable business location.In addition to highly qualified and motivated employees,Austria always boasts the highest density of world market leaders in relation to the number of inhabitants.展开更多
HUANG Nansong, aged 13, is a well-known figure at the middle school attached to the Central Conservatory of Music. The schoolmaster is proud of him, and the teachers all sing his praises, although he won＇t actually b...HUANG Nansong, aged 13, is a well-known figure at the middle school attached to the Central Conservatory of Music. The schoolmaster is proud of him, and the teachers all sing his praises, although he won＇t actually become a new student at the school until September. Huang Nansong has performed on the same stage as Lang Lang on several occasions.展开更多
基金This work was partly supported by the Fund for Innovative Research Groups(Grant No.40221503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40233031).
文摘Climate changes induced by human activities have attracted a great amount of attention. With this, a coupling system of an atmospheric chemistry model and a climate model is greatly needed in China for better understanding the interaction between atmospheric chemical components and the climate. As the first step to realize this coupling goal, the three-dimensional global atmospheric chemistry transport model MOZART-2 (the global Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2) coupled with CAM2 (the Community Atmosphere Model, version 2) is set up and the model results are compared against observations obtained in East Asia in order to evaluate the model performance. Comparison of simulated ozone mixing ratios with ground level observations at Minamitorishima and Ryori and with ozonesonde data at Naha and Tateno in Japan shows that the observed ozone concentrations can be reproduced reasonably well at Minamitorishima but they tend to be slightly overestimated in winter and autumn while underestimated a little in summer at Ryori. The model also captures the general features of surface CO seasonal variations quite well, while it underestimates CO levels at both Minamitorishima and Ryori. The underestimation is primarily associated with the emission inventory adopted in this study. Compared with the ozonesonde data, the simulated vertical gradient and magnitude of ozone can be reasonably well simulated with a little overestimation in winter, especially in the upper troposphere. The model also generally captures the seasonal, latitudinal and altitudinal variations in ozone concentration. Analysis indicates that the underestimation of tropopause height in February contributes to the overestimation of winter ozone in the upper and middle troposphere at Tateno.
文摘Whoever thinks of Empress Sisi,Sacher cake,skiing or the Vienna Opera Ball first in connection with Austria is not wrong at all,but this individual does overlook one important factor:Austria is actually an extremely innovative and profitable business location.In addition to highly qualified and motivated employees,Austria always boasts the highest density of world market leaders in relation to the number of inhabitants.
文摘HUANG Nansong, aged 13, is a well-known figure at the middle school attached to the Central Conservatory of Music. The schoolmaster is proud of him, and the teachers all sing his praises, although he won＇t actually become a new student at the school until September. Huang Nansong has performed on the same stage as Lang Lang on several occasions.
