Elastic modulus of claystone evaluated by nano-/micro-indentation tests and meso-compression tests

Toarcian claystone such as that of the Callovo-Oxfordian is a qualified multiphase material. The claystone samples tested in this study are composed of four main mineral phases: silicates(clay minerals, quartz,feldspars, micas)(z86%), sulphides(pyrite)(z3%), carbonates(calcite, dolomite)(z10%) and organic kerogen(z1%). Three sets of measurements of the modulus of deformability were compared as determined in(i) nanoindentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 2 mm,(ii) micro-indentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 20 mm, and(iii) meso-compression tests with a constant displacement of 200 mm. These three experimental methods have already been validated in earlier studies. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the influence of the scaling effect on the modulus of deformability of the material. Different frequency distributions of the modulus of deformability were obtained at the different sample scales:(i) in nano-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 15 GPa and 90 GPa and contained one peak at34 GPa and another at 51 GPa;(ii) in the micro-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 25 GPa and 60 GPa and displayed peaks at 26 GPa and 37 GPa; and(iii) in the meso-compression tests, a narrow frequency distribution was obtained, ranging from 25 GPa to 50 GPa and with a maximum at around 35 GPa.

Assessing dynamic modulus properties for typical asphalt mixtures in Jiangsu

To investigate the validity of two dynamic modulus predictive models（ Witczak 1-37 A viscosity-based model and Witczak 1-40 D shear modulus-based model） in the context of Jiangsu, and evaluate the effect of different mixture design variables（ aggregate gradations, binder type, and volumetric properties） on dynamic modulus E＊, asphalt mixtures commonly used in the local surface layer, including Sup-13 and AC-13, are prepared in the laboratory and their dynamic modulus E＊values are predicted based on the above mentioned models. The corresponding asphalt tests, including viscosity and dynamic shear modulus tests, are also carried out to obtain the prediction model parameters. The test results showthat binder type and asphalt content have a significant impact on dynamic modulus.There is a good correlation between the E＊values based on above two predictive models and the measured E＊, while a relatively lower bias can be expected from Witczak 1-37 A model. The test results can be used for the calibration of dynamic modulus with higher accuracy.

Multi-features Based Approach for Moving Shadow Detection

In the video-based surveillance application, moving shadows can affect the correct localization and detection of moving objects. This paper aims to present a method for shadow detection and suppression used for moving visual object detection. The major novelty of the shadow suppression is the integration of several features including photometric invariant color feature, motion edge feature, and spatial feature etc. By modifying process for false shadow detected, the averaging detection rate of moving object reaches above 90% in the test of Hall-Monitor sequence.

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.

A Comparative Study of Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Multi -site Cardiac Pacing in patients with cardiac function NYHA class ⅠtoⅡ without bundle branch block

Objective To compare the acute hemodynamic effects of five different pacing modes in patients with cardiac function NYHA class Ⅰ to Ⅱ without bundle branch block (BBB). Methods This study included 12 patients (SSS 7, Ⅲ°AVB 5) undergoing pacemaker implantation. Right ventricular apex (RVA), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), right ventricular bifocal (RV-Bi), left ventricular base (LVB) and bi -ventricular (Bi-Ⅴ) pacing at 60 -80 ppm were done in VVI mode prior to implantation of DDD pacemaker. The cardiac index (CI), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were measured with Swan - Ganz thermodilution catheter after 5 minutes of each pacing mode. Results (1) Comparing to pacing at RVA (CI: 2. 41± 0. 38 L/min per m2, PCWP: 16. 7 ±3.3 mmHg), the CI increased and the PCWP decreased significantly in pacing at RVOT(CI: 2. 63 ± 0.46, PCWP: 13. 8±2. 3), LVB(CI: 2. 78±0.52, PCWP: 14. 4±3.1), RV-Bi(CI: 2. 83±0.57, PCWP: 12. 8± 2. 5) and Bi -Ⅴ pacing (CI: 2. 94± 0.60, PCWP: 12. 7±2. 5), P < 0. 01, respectively. (2) The CI of RV-Bi and Bi-Ⅴ pacing was higher than that of RVOT and LVB pacing, the PCWP was lower, P < 0. 05, respectively. (3) There was no significant difference between RV - Bi pacing and Bi-Ⅴ pacing in CI and PCWP. Conclusion There is no significant difference between RV - Bi pacing and Bi -V pacing in the acute hemodynamic effects; however,dual - site pacing is much better than single site pacing in that aspect for patients with cardiac function NYHA class Ⅰ to Ⅱ without BBB. Among single site pacing, the RVOT and LVB pacing is better than RVA pacing in cardiac function.

A Reverse Numerical Approach to Determine Elastic-plastic Properties of Multi-layer Material Systems with Flat Cylindrical Indenters

In the present study, the indentation testing with a flat cylindrical indenter on typical multi-layer material systems was simulated successfully by finite element method. The emphasis was put on the methods of extracting the yield stresses and strain-hardening modulus of upper and middle-layers of three-layer material systems from the indentation testing. The slope of the indentation depth to the applied indentation stress curve was found to have a turning point, which can be used to determine the yield stress of the upper-layer. Then, a different method was also presented to determine the yield stress of the middle-layer. This method was based on a set of assumed applied indentation stresses which were to be intersected by the experimental results in order to meet the requirement of having the experimental indentation depth. At last, a reverse numerical algorithm was explored to determine the yield stresses of upper and middle-layers simultaneously by using the indentation testing with two different size indenters. This method assumed two ranges of yield stresses to simulate the indentation behavior. The experimental depth behavior was used to intersect the simulated indentation behavior. And the intersection corresponded to the values of yield stresses of upper and middle-layers. This method was also used further to determine the strain-hardening modulus of upper and middle-layers simultaneously.

Research on A Master - slave Multi - microcomputers Control System for Hollow Spindle Fancy Yarn Spinning Machine

In this paper, a successfully studied and developed master - slave muld - microcomputers control system based on PC - BUS for hollow spindle fancy yarn spinning machine, mainly Its overall scheme, software and hardware construction, is introduced. Spinning experiments show that the system achieves satisfactory result. This system can solve the diftkultles of mechatronical fusion between domestic hollow splndk fancy yarn spuming muchine and its microcomputer control technology.

On the Representation of Multi-layer Woven Structure

A quantitative method is developed to identify the structures of multi-layer woven fabric in this study. Six structural parameters are selected to represent the fabric structure. With some design criteria for the reinforcement of textile composites, the relationships among the structural parameters are derived for different binding patterns of the fabric structure. The conditions, which meet the requirements of structural cell stability,are also discussed.

Computer-aided Pattern Design of Multi-bar Warp Knitted Fabrics

To meet the development trend of multi-bar warp knit-ting machine towards high-speed,advanced technologyand computer control and the requirements of variousproducts with small quantity,there are many researcheson the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics.In terms of the special propertiesof the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics,the Object Oriented Program(OOP)programming-Object Windows class Library(OWL)programming is selected.According to thecharacters of the OWL programming,various functionsare defined.Pattern design and technical parameters canbe output,which offers a great convenience for the fac-tory.

MODS： A Novel Metaheuristic of Deterministic Swapping for the Multi-Objective Optimization of Combinatorials Problems

This paper states a new metaheuristic based on Deterministic Finite Automata （DFA） for the multi - objective optimization of combinatorial problems. First, a new DFA named Multi - Objective Deterministic Finite Automata （MDFA） is defined. MDFA allows the representation of the feasible solutions space of combinatorial problems. Second, it is defined and implemented a metaheuritic based on MDFA theory. It is named Metaheuristic of Deterministic Swapping （MODS）. MODS is a local search strategy that works using a MDFA. Due to this, MODS never take into account unfeasible solutions. Hence, it is not necessary to verify the problem constraints for a new solution found. Lastly, MODS is tested using well know instances of the Bi-Objective Traveling Salesman Problem （TSP） from TSPLIB. Its results were compared with eight Ant Colony inspired algorithms and two Genetic algorithms taken from the specialized literature. The comparison was made using metrics such as Spacing, Generational Distance, Inverse Generational Distance and No-Dominated Generation Vectors. In every case, the MODS results on the metrics were always better and in some of those cases, the superiority was 100%.

Coronal multi-walled silicon nanotubes

By means of first-principles density functional theory （DFT） calculations and molecular dynamics （MD） simulations, a series of coronal multi- walled silicon nanotubes （MWSiNTs） without or with hydrogen terminations are systematically identified. Notably, coronal MWSiNTs, where the interaction between the walls is preferable through covalent bonds rather than weak interaction, show better stability than CNT-like SiNTs. Moreover, they exhibit good elasticity with small Young＇s modulus. The investigation of the electronic structure demonstrates that they present metallic characteristics, which is in striking contrast to bulk silicon. Thus, the MWSiNTs may find important applications in electronic devices.

多轮荷载作用下的高模量沥青道面力学响应特性

飞机起落架多轮荷载作用下,道面内部应力应变等力学响应将产生叠加与干涉。针对高模量沥青机场道面,通过ABAQUS有限元软件开展道面结构力学响应计算,分析飞机多轮荷载对道面力学响应敏感性,研究高模量沥青混合料在机场道面中的应用效果。结果表明:在飞机主起落架的六轮荷载作用下,道面结构层中产生的应力与路表弯沉的峰值最大,且道面的疲劳寿命最小,在进行道面结构计算与材料组成设计时,应以六轮荷载作为最不利荷载工况;机轮荷载分布的对称性越强,结构内应力与路表弯沉的峰值点位置越靠近荷载包围区域中心;沥青道面变形有一定的时间滞后,卸载后路表弯沉不能立即恢复并存在残余变形,且主起落架轮数越多,滞后时间越长,保留的残余变形越大;中面层采用的高模量沥青混合料可降低道面各层拉应力、压应力、剪应力的应力水平,进而有效地减少机场沥青道面轮辙与疲劳开裂。

高温蒸汽养护复掺混凝土力学性能时变特性与模型研究

为研究高温蒸汽养护下粉煤灰-矿粉机制砂混凝土(简称复掺混凝土)力学性能时变特性与模型,本文结合某高速公路高温蒸汽养护复掺混凝土预制梁项目,设计了蒸汽-标准养护、蒸汽-自然养护和标准养护三种养护方式,测试了不同阶段复掺混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和弹性模量,探究了抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量的关系。结果表明:合适的蒸汽养护方式能促进复掺混凝土抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和弹性模量更快增长,其中对抗压强度形成作用最显著,后期的力学性能不倒缩;蒸汽养护恒温阶段复掺混凝土的力学性能具有最大的增长率,其次是升温阶段,降温阶段力学性能增长率最小;蒸汽-标准养护方式下复掺混凝土的抗压强度时变模型可取对数或对数与幂函数复合函数,劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量时变模型可取幂函数。

多模型耦合的流域水土流失监测方法研究

濑溪河流域存在严重的水力侵蚀,同时伴随着水土流失分布点多线长面广的特点。而现有模型几乎只考虑了流域尺度上的坡面和河流侵蚀过程,或者是坡面和流域尺度的基本结合,导致对土壤侵蚀全过程的物理模拟产生高度不确定。为此提出不同尺度模型相互耦合的水土流失监测体系,从三级顺序“坡-沟-河”结构,全面反演流域水沙的时空动态迁移过程。基于多模型耦合体系的流域应用表明:①单一模型在濑溪河流域都表现出良好的适用性和准确性。RUSLE模型预测结果与实际侵蚀规律高度吻合,SWAT模型参数率定的纳什效率系数(NSE)和决定性系数(R^(2))均达到0.6以上,模拟预测结果鲁棒性较好。②不同侵蚀模型的特征反演相互关联程度都达到极显著相关水平。WEPP和SWAT模型间R^(2)为0.96,RUSLE和WEPP模型间R^(2)为0.77,RUSLE和SWAT模型间R^(2)为0.58,分析表明坡面、细沟和河道尺度下的侵蚀物理过程是紧密耦合的。③多模型耦合的水土流失全过程风险评价较单一模型更为全面。通过对土壤侵蚀物理过程的空间耦合,实现流域土壤侵蚀、细沟冲刷和河道沉积等相关侵蚀过程的整体性评价,利于从不同尺度全面反演流域水沙输移的时空动态迁移过程和预测侵蚀风险发生规律。

DGZ-1多功能共振柱常规试验可靠性分析

针对新研制的多功能共振柱讕验机常规土类试验,发展此类仪器的试验可靠性分析理论,建立一套检验自身可靠性的分析方法傌技术,包括试验误差分析、试验定量考核、土工试验等多种技术手段。首先建立了共振柱仪动剪切模量误差、应叐误差和阻尼比误差的分析公式,得到了几种主要影响因素及其对试验误差影响程度的新认识。同时,通过若干已知动剪切模量且频率和土频率相接近的钢杆和铝杆试件的自振和共振试验,定量上验证该仪器常规试验结果的可靠性;通过砂土和原状粘土常规试验,定性上检验土工试验结果的合理性。通过对新研制的多功能共振柱试验机的常规试验功能进行可靠性的自身检验,所有试验结果是令人满意和可靠的,结果符合现有规律的认识。

DS-CDMA系统下行盲多用户接收机

本文研究多径频率选择性衰落信道下,DS-CDMA系统下行盲多用户检测技术,提出了一种新的基于恒模算法的检测方法。利用下行信号的特征构造约束条件并采用投影梯度法求解优化问题,本文方法克服了常规恒模算法无法保证收敛到期望用户的缺点。仿真结果验证了本文方法具有良好的检测性能,可以在克服信道衰落的同时抑制多址干扰。

阻抗模裕度指标在新能源多馈入系统静态电压稳定评估的适应性分析

集中送出的新能源场站大多位于电网末端,随着其有功出力的增加,易出现静态电压失稳。该文将传统的阻抗模指标的应用对象由负荷推广至新能源场站,丰富了该指标在静态电压稳定评估方面的适用性场景,包括含无功补偿的新能源系统、新能源集群馈入系统、以及新能源多机多馈入系统。具体地,首先,分析新能源单馈入系统的临界静态电压稳定条件,并据此给出用于评估新能源场站静态电压稳定性的阻抗模裕度指标及稳定判据;其次,通过将无功补偿设备并入系统阻抗,分析无功补偿对于指标的影响;再次,证明在新能源的集群馈入系统中,公共耦合点(point of common coupling,PCC)的电压失稳将发生在单个新能源场站之前,并据此确定PCC点作为指标的计算节点;之后,为考虑多机多馈入系统中不同新能源场站间的影响,在指标的计算过程中,保留待评估的关键新能源场站,将其他新能源场站等值为阻抗,并入节点阻抗矩阵中,实现方法在多机多馈入系统中的扩展应用。最后,基于PSD-BPA中建立的单机单馈入系统、多机多馈入系统、以及某省实际大电网算例验证指标的有效性。

高能固体推进剂基体/填料界面多尺度分析与表征

针对高能固体推进剂基体/填料界面难以定性定量表征的问题,分别采用宏观尺度上的拉伸力学性能实验、细观尺度上的纳米压痕实验、微观尺度上的红外和原子力显微镜(AFM)等测试方法对界面过渡区进行了表征。结果表明:加入键合剂NPBA,使界面过渡区的力学性能得到显著提高,且缩小了界面区与黏合剂本体力学性能的差异,表现为基体/填料界面过渡区存在模量梯度,其模量值在0.12×10^(7.5)~8.27×10^(7.5)Pa,比基体模量高1个数量级。分析认为,NPBA改善了界面过渡区的模量和黏附力,最终使固体推进剂的力学性能得到提高。

面向体系非线性分析的钢管混凝土柱-组合梁节点多尺度高效数值模型

基于组合结构非线性分析软件COMPONA-MARC V1.2,提出面向体系非线性分析的钢管混凝土柱-组合梁节点多尺度高效数值模型,该模型能准确反映梁端、柱端以及节点域的耗能特征。首先建立模型的总体框架,采用较为简洁的多尺度连接方案,并从节点传力机理的角度证明其合理性。其次,在单向地震作用下楼板空间组合效应模型的基础上,通过对极限正弯矩有效宽度进行折减,提出双向地震作用下考虑楼板空间组合效应的组合梁纤维模型。随后,选取基于裂缝带模型的组合节点域混凝土单轴受拉软化模量计算公式,重点讨论平均裂缝间距这一关键参数的取值方法,给出与开裂应变相关的剪力传递系数计算方法的建议。最后采用本模型对一系列平面和空间组合节点的抗震性能试验进行模拟,充分证明本模型的准确性与合理性。