Adaptive Learning Video Streaming with QoE in Multi-Home Heterogeneous Networks

In recent years,real-time video streaming has grown in popularity.The growing popularity of the Internet of Things(IoT)and other wireless heterogeneous networks mandates that network resources be carefully apportioned among versatile users in order to achieve the best Quality of Experience(QoE)and performance objectives.Most researchers focused on Forward Error Correction(FEC)techniques when attempting to strike a balance between QoE and performance.However,as network capacity increases,the performance degrades,impacting the live visual experience.Recently,Deep Learning(DL)algorithms have been successfully integrated with FEC to stream videos across multiple heterogeneous networks.But these algorithms need to be changed to make the experience better without sacrificing packet loss and delay time.To address the previous challenge,this paper proposes a novel intelligent algorithm that streams video in multi-home heterogeneous networks based on network-centric characteristics.The proposed framework contains modules such as Intelligent Content Extraction Module(ICEM),Channel Status Monitor(CSM),and Adaptive FEC(AFEC).This framework adopts the Cognitive Learning-based Scheduling(CLS)Module,which works on the deep Reinforced Gated Recurrent Networks(RGRN)principle and embeds them along with the FEC to achieve better performances.The complete framework was developed using the Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++(OMNET++),Internet networking(INET),and Python 3.10,with Keras as the front end and Tensorflow 2.10 as the back end.With extensive experimentation,the proposed model outperforms the other existing intelligentmodels in terms of improving the QoE,minimizing the End-to-End Delay(EED),and maintaining the highest accuracy(98%)and a lower Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)value of 0.001.

Multi-homing环境中网络性能的测量与评价方法

Multi-homing是存根网络(stub network)为增强网络连接的可靠性、提高网络性能而采取的一种技术手段.在考虑网络访问特性的前提下,针对主要的网络应用采用基于地址前缀的流量聚合方法,自网络流量中提取出测量地址集,并提出一种对不同ISP进行大范围网络性能测量的方法.通过建立性能与连通性评价量度,从测量结果中分析得到不同ISP在地址前缀和自治系统中的特征分布,该结果对于存根网络选择ISP和进行路由策略设定具有技术参考价值.

A Novel Approach to Reduce Handover Latency in Proxy Mobile IPv6 Based on Multi-Homing

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is a network based mobility management protocol. It is proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force. In PMIPv6 the Mobile Node (MN) need not participate in signalling of mobility. PMIPv6 is a layer 3 protocol. In this paper the issue of layer 3 mobility is resolved by the Enhanced Open Flow Technique (EOFT). Generally, the open flow protocol makes functions on network devices, routers, switches. Open flow controller act as server for network devices to make communication between them. In the proposed EOFT-PMIPv6, the control signalling and mobility is managed by EOFT controller. In PMIPv6, the Mobility Access gateway (MAG) has the responsibility of the control signalling. But in the EOFT-PMIPv6, the responsibility of MAG is done by the EOFT-Controller. In the proposed technique, the mobility management function is isolated from PMIPv6 mechanisms. These isolated mechanisms are combined in the EOFT-Con- troller. This EOFT-Controller satisfies the responsibility of the mechanisms which are separated from PMIPv6. The eminent mobile environment must provide the efficient multi-homing protocols. The proposed technique overcomes the problem of multihoming in PMIPv6. The EOFT-Controller takeover the responsibility of Layer 3 functions. Also, the proposed technique combines with Modified Mobility Access Gateway (M_MAG) and it handles the handover session dynamically. This paper provides the extended architecture of EOFT-PMIPv6 and provide unbeaten handover scheme for multi-homing. The result is provided by systematic analysis based on comparison with PMIPv6 and EOFT-PMIPv6 is obtained.

新一代传输协议——SCTP

流媒体控制传输协议(Stream Control Transmission Protocol)是目前新一代传输层协议,它于2000年10月由IETF(The Inter-net Engineering Task Force)制定的。相比于以往的两种旧协议:TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)与UDP(User Datagram Proto-col),SCTP提供了多重定址机制(Multi-homing),使得用户能够在关联(Association)建立后能够动态的切换不同的网络路径来传输数据信息,并且在换手(Handover)时不需要中断原有的通讯,从而提供高质的传输服务。该文将着重研究SCTP的特色,包括SCTP的联接建立,多重定址机制等等,最后通过NS2模拟器来证实其换手机制的可靠性与即时性。

Joint Routing and Admission Control in Wireless Mesh Network

Wireless Mesh Network is a promising technology with many challenges yet to be addressed. Novel and efficient algorithms need to be developed for routing and admission control with the objective to increase the acceptance ratio of new calls without affecting the Quality of Service (QoS) of the existing calls and to maintain the QoS level provided for the mobile calls. In this paper, a novel Markov Decision-based Admission Control and Routing (MDACR) algorithm is proposed. The MDACR algorithm finds a near optimal solution using the value iteration method. To increase the admission rate for both types of calls, a multi-homing admission and routing algorithm for handoff and new calls is proposed. This algorithm associates the user with two different access points which is beneficial in a highly congested network and proposes a new routing metric to assure seamless handoff in the network. Our proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms in the literature in terms of handoff delay, blocking probability, and number of hard handoff.

An efficient multipath routing schema in multi-homing scenario based on protocol-oblivious forwarding

With the advent of 5G,multi-homing will be an increasingly common scenario,which is expected to increase transmission rates,improve transmission reliability,and reduce costs for users.However,the current routing methods are unable to fully utilize the resources of networks to achieve high-performance data transmission for multi-homed devices.In the current routing mechanism,there is only one destination address in the packet forwarded to the multi-homed host.Thus,the packet is difficult to adjust its path on the fly according to the status of the network to achieve better performance.In this paper,we present an efficient routing schema in multi-homing scenario based on protocol-oblivious forwarding(POF).In the proposed schema,the packet forwarded to the multi-homed host carries multiple destination addresses to obtain the ability of switching the transmission path;meanwhile,the router dynamically adjusts the path of the packet through the perception of the network status.Experimental results show that our schema could utilize the alternative paths properly and significantly improve the transmission efficiency.

Pricing and Service Strategies for Two-sided Platforms

Nowadays,more and more transactions or interactions like online dating and shopping are completed on two-sided platforms involving two groups of agents.On these two-sided platforms,there often exist cross-network effects,i.e., the benefits that agents at one side receive are positively related to the number of agents at the other side,and vice versa.This paper considers such two-sided platforms,where the platforms offer a certain service to attract agents of both sides to join the platforms,and then charge agents who join the platforms a lump-sum fee to gain the profit.We present service and pricing strategies for both monopolistic and duopolistic platforms,respectively.We also investigate the impact of platforms'life cycle on their service and pricing strategies.Some managerial implications are shown.

Dynamic traffic split scheme in an integrated LTE and HSDPA networks

In the future, the wireless communication networks can be visualized as the integration of different radio access technologies （RATs）, which are referred to as heterogeneous wireless networks （HWNs）. In this paper, the traffic split scheme in the HWNs integrating the long term evolution （LTE） and the high speed downlink packet access （HSDPA） networks is investigated. Assuming that the networks can support multi-homing access and the user can be served by both networks simultaneously, the traffic split problem is described as an optimization problem with the aim of maximizing the throughput. By solving the problem, the dynamic traffic split scheme is proposed. The split ratios in the scheme should be proportional to the transmission rates in theory, which are hard to be described in the closed forms. Then the adaptive algorithm is proposed to obtain the split ratios. Simulation results show that the scheme with the adaptive algorithm provides better performance than the scheme without it over the additive white Gaussian noise （AWGN） fading channel and Rayleigh fading channel.