Objective:Multi-center data on the current status and trends of breast reconstruction after mastectomy in China are lacking.Herein,we conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate the current clinical practice pat...Objective:Multi-center data on the current status and trends of breast reconstruction after mastectomy in China are lacking.Herein,we conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate the current clinical practice pattern of postmastectomy breast reconstruction among Chinese female patients with breast cancer.Methods:A standardized questionnaire used to collect information on breast reconstruction among females diagnosed with breast cancer was distributed by 31 members of the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery between January 1,2018 and December 31,2018.Information was collected on tumor characteristics,treatment,mesh application,nipple-areola complex(NAC)preservation,postoperative complications,bilateral reconstruction,patient satisfaction and local recurrence.The overall rate of breast reconstruction was assessed,and the characteristics were compared across patient groups with different reconstruction approaches.Results:A total of 1,554 patients underwent breast reconstruction after total mastectomy,with a reconstruction rate of 9.6%.Among them,1,190 were implant-based,and 262 underwent autologous reconstructions,while 102 cases underwent a combination of both.Patients who underwent implant-based reconstruction were younger than those who received autologous reconstruction(40.1±4.6 vs.45.0±5.9,P=0.004).Compared to patients with autologous reconstruction,mesh application(25.5%vs.6.5%),NAC preservation(51.8%vs.40.5%)and reconstruction failure(1.8%vs.0)were more frequently reported among those with implant-based reconstruction.There was no significant difference in general satisfaction across three reconstruction approaches,though patients with autologous reconstruction reported the highest aesthetic satisfaction among the three groups(P=0.044).Conclusions:Implant-based breast reconstruction remains the dominant choice among patients,while autologous reconstruction was associated with higher aesthetic satisfaction.Our multi-center investigation based on the findings of the tertiary hospitals of Chinese Society of Breast Surgery may guide a future series of clinical studies on breast reconstruction in China.展开更多
The vibrational motions are usually neglected when calculating(e,2e) triple differential cross sections(TDCSs) of molecules. Here, multi-center distorted-wave method(MCDW) has been modified by including molecular vibr...The vibrational motions are usually neglected when calculating(e,2e) triple differential cross sections(TDCSs) of molecules. Here, multi-center distorted-wave method(MCDW) has been modified by including molecular vibrations. This vibrational MCDW method is employed to calculate the TDCSs of 1b3gorbital of ethylene at low(100 eV) and medium(250 eV) incident electron energies in coplanar asymmetric kinematic condition. The results show that molecular vibrations significantly influence the angular distributions of the TDCSs, especially in the binary region along momentum transfer near the Bethe ridge.展开更多
BACKGROUND Precleaning is a key step in endoscopic reprocessing.AIM To develop an effective and economic endoscope cleaning method by using a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit.METHODS Altogether,228 used ga...BACKGROUND Precleaning is a key step in endoscopic reprocessing.AIM To develop an effective and economic endoscope cleaning method by using a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit.METHODS Altogether,228 used gastrointestinal endoscopes were selected from five high-volume endoscopy units and precleaned by a traditional precleaning bucket(group T)or a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit(group D).Each group was further subdivided based on the replacement frequency of the cleaning solution,which was replaced every time in subgroups T1 and D1 and every several times in subgroups Ts and Ds.The adenosine triphosphate(ATP)level and residual proteins were measured three times:Before and after precleaning and after manual cleaning.RESULTS After precleaning,the precleaning kit significantly reduced the ATP levels(P=0.034)and has a more stable ATP clearance rate than the traditional precleaning bucket.The precleaning kit also saved a quarter of the cost of enzymatic detergent used during the precleaning process.After manual cleaning,the ATP levels were also significantly lower in the precleaning kit group than in the traditional precleaning bucket group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the number of uses of the cleaning solution(up to four times)has no significant impact on the cleaning effect(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Considering its economic cost and cleaning effect,the use of a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit can be an optimal option in the precleaning stage with the cleaning solution being replaced several times in the manual cleaning stage.展开更多
Aiming at improving the survey efficiency of the Wide Field Survey Telescope, we have developed a basic scheduling strategy that takes into account the telescope characteristics, observing conditions, and weather cond...Aiming at improving the survey efficiency of the Wide Field Survey Telescope, we have developed a basic scheduling strategy that takes into account the telescope characteristics, observing conditions, and weather conditions at the Lenghu site. The sky area is divided into rectangular regions, referred to as “tiles,” with a size of2°. 577 × 2°. 634 slightly smaller than the focal area of the mosaic CCDs. These tiles are continuously filled in annulars parallel to the equator. The brightness of the sky background, which varies with the moon phase and distance from the moon, plays a significant role in determining the accessible survey fields. Approximately 50connected tiles are grouped into one block for observation. To optimize the survey schedule, we perform simulations by taking into account the length of exposures, data readout, telescope slewing, and all relevant observing conditions. We utilize the Greedy Algorithm for scheduling optimization. Additionally, we propose a dedicated dithering pattern to cover the gaps between CCDs and the four corners of the mosaic CCD array, which are located outside of the 3° field of view. This dithering pattern helps to achieve relatively uniform exposure maps for the final survey outputs.展开更多
Landslides are pervasive geohazards that pose a serious threat to human lives,property,and crucial engineering constructions.Annually,landslides lead to tens of thousands of fatalities(see the paper of"List of ty...Landslides are pervasive geohazards that pose a serious threat to human lives,property,and crucial engineering constructions.Annually,landslides lead to tens of thousands of fatalities(see the paper of"List of typical catastrophic landslides from March 2004 to February 2024"in this issue,doi:10.31035/cg2024079)and cause economic damages amounting to billions of dollars around the world,as well as disrupting crucial infrastructures such as railways,highways。展开更多
It is of crucial importance to investigate the spatial structures of ancient landslides in the eastern Tibetan Plateau’s alpine canyons as they could provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of the lan...It is of crucial importance to investigate the spatial structures of ancient landslides in the eastern Tibetan Plateau’s alpine canyons as they could provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of the landslides and indicate the potential for future reactivation.This study examines the Deda ancient landslide,situated in the Chalong-ranbu fault zone,where creep deformation suggests a complex underground structure.By integrating remote sensing,field surveys,Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics(AMT),and Microtremor Survey Method(MSM)techniques,along with engineering geological drilling for validation,to uncover the landslide’s spatial feature s.The research indicates that a fault is developed in the upper part of the Deda ancient landslide,and the gully divides it into Deda landslide accumulation zoneⅠand Deda landslide accumulation zoneⅡin space.The distinctive geological characteristics detectable by MSM in the shallow subsurface and by AMT in deeper layers.The findings include the identification of two sliding zones in the Deda I landslide,the shallow sliding zone(DD-I-S1)depth is approximately 20 m,and the deep sliding zone(DD-I-S2)depth is 36.2-49.9 m.The sliding zone(DD-Ⅱ-S1)depth of the DedaⅡlandslide is 37.6-43.1 m.A novel MSM-based method for sliding zone identification is proposed,achieving less than 5%discrepancy in depth determination when compared with drilling data.These results provide a valuable reference for the spatial structural analysis of large-deepseated landslides in geologically complex regions like the eastern Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
To restore dam-blocked natural fish migratory passages,a growing number of artificial fishways have been built in water conservancy and hydropower projects in China.The Angu hydropower station involved diverse importa...To restore dam-blocked natural fish migratory passages,a growing number of artificial fishways have been built in water conservancy and hydropower projects in China.The Angu hydropower station involved diverse important fish habitats in the lower reaches of the Daduhe River in Southwest China.Therefore,a vertical slot fishway(VSF)and a nature-like fishway(NLF)were built near the backwater area of the reservoir to connect the upstream and downstream habitats.Hydrodynamic and aquatic ecological surveys were conducted after the completion of the project to estimate the fish passing effect of the two fishways.The results indicated that both fishways were in effective operation and could maintain the desired hydrodynamic conditions and be used by several local fish species.During the survey,149 fish from 15 species and 111 fish from 17 species were captured by the traps in the VSF and NLF,respectively,while 1263 fish from 27 species were found in the downstream area.Some species captured in the VSF were not found in the NLF,and vice versa,which implied the different preferences of fish.Meanwhile,3789 signals including 2099 upward ones and 1690 downward ones were monitored with an ultrasonic fish detector at the inlet of the VSF.These findings revealed the characteristics of fish species observed in and near the fishways and provided valuable insights into the different fish passing capabilities of VSFandNLF.展开更多
AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergenc...AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.METHODS:Using the diagnostic test method,62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency(age:24.74±3.75y)and 62 normal participants(age:23.61±3.13y)who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included.All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL.Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.RESULTS:The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5%and 71.0%,respectively,while the specificity was 96.8%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared to the CISS alone,the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS,COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806,0.694 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION:Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL,it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.展开更多
In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate ...In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate the time constant of a semiconductor survey meter and confirm the meter’s function. An additional filter was attached to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, more copper plates were added as needed, and the first and second half-value layers were calculated to enable comparisons of the facility’s X-ray system quality with the N-60 to N-120 quality values. Next, we used a medical X-ray system to measure the leakage dose and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The functionality of the meter was then checked and compared with the energy characteristics of the meter. The experimental results showed that it was possible to use a medical X-ray system to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality values and to calculate the time constant from the measured results, assuming actual leakage dosimetry for that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of the energy characteristics of the survey meter.展开更多
Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest f...Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest from scientists and practitioners, though it is recognized as one of the weakest points of EIA systems globally. Also, EIA follow-up is influenced by the context, mainly in terms of the types of projects or activities and their related impacts on the environment. Therefore, the present paper is focused on the investigation of the follow-up stage applied to the activity of seismic survey coupled with offshore oil & gas exploitation in Brazil. Research was based on a qualitative approach that included document analysis and semi-structured interviews with analysts involved in EIA processes, and sought to generate evidence of effectiveness of the EIA follow-up as conducted by the Federal Environment Agency (Ibama) in order to situate the practice of follow-up in the broader context of international best practice principles. Based on the findings, it was concluded that, due to the peculiarities of offshore seismic survey, it is necessary to promote adaptations in the procedures for monitoring impacts in order to ensure proper alignment with the principles and conceptual foundations that guide EIA practice. Specifically, the timing of the execution of the activity imposes challenges for its integration into the “conventional” cycle that has guided the monitoring of the impacts in the EIA of projects.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of digital and information technology,global positioning system(GPS)technology has seen increasing utilization in surveying and mapping engineering,extending its application across land,ocea...With the rapid advancement of digital and information technology,global positioning system(GPS)technology has seen increasing utilization in surveying and mapping engineering,extending its application across land,ocean,and various other domains.By analyzing the technical means of GPS in surveying and mapping engineering,understanding the characteristics and key technologies in different application environments,and exploring the application process and key technical means,accurate control can be effectively realized.Based on this,this paper mainly analyzes the specific application of GPS technology in surveying and mapping engineering technology for reference.展开更多
We study high-order harmonic generation(HHG) from multi-center asymmetric linear molecules numerically and analytically. Our simulations show that odd and even HHG spectra of the asymmetric multi-center system respo...We study high-order harmonic generation(HHG) from multi-center asymmetric linear molecules numerically and analytically. Our simulations show that odd and even HHG spectra of the asymmetric multi-center system respond differently to the change of the molecular structure. Specifically, when the internuclear distances between these nuclei of the molecule have a small change, the odd spectra usually do not change basically, but the even spectra differ remarkably. Based on this phenomenon, a simple procedure is proposed to probe the positions of these nuclei with odd–even HHG. Our results shed light on attosecond probing of the structure of multi-center molecules using HHG.展开更多
The simple adjusted estimator of risk difference in each center is easy constructed by adding a value c on the number of successes and on the number of failures in each arm of the proportion estimator. Assessing a tre...The simple adjusted estimator of risk difference in each center is easy constructed by adding a value c on the number of successes and on the number of failures in each arm of the proportion estimator. Assessing a treatment effect in multi-center studies, we propose minimum MSE (mean square error) weights of an adjusted summary estimate of risk difference under the assumption of a constant of common risk difference over all centers. To evaluate the performance of the proposed weights, we compare not only in terms of estimation based on bias, variance, and MSE with two other conventional weights, such as the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel weights and the inverse variance (weighted least square) weights, but also we compare the potential tests based on the type I error probability and the power of test in a variety of situations. The results illustrate that the proposed weights in terms of point estimation and hypothesis testing perform well and should be recommended to use as an alternative choice. Finally, two applications are illustrated for the practical use.展开更多
Hyperspectral image super-resolution,which refers to reconstructing the high-resolution hyperspectral image from the input low-resolution observation,aims to improve the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral image,w...Hyperspectral image super-resolution,which refers to reconstructing the high-resolution hyperspectral image from the input low-resolution observation,aims to improve the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral image,which is beneficial for subsequent applications.The development of deep learning has promoted significant progress in hyperspectral image super-resolution,and the powerful expression capabilities of deep neural networks make the predicted results more reliable.Recently,several latest deep learning technologies have made the hyperspectral image super-resolution method explode.However,a comprehensive review and analysis of the latest deep learning methods from the hyperspectral image super-resolution perspective is absent.To this end,in this survey,we first introduce the concept of hyperspectral image super-resolution and classify the methods from the perspectives with or without auxiliary information.Then,we review the learning-based methods in three categories,including single hyperspectral image super-resolution,panchromatic-based hyperspectral image super-resolution,and multispectral-based hyperspectral image super-resolution.Subsequently,we summarize the commonly used hyperspectral dataset,and the evaluations for some representative methods in three categories are performed qualitatively and quantitatively.Moreover,we briefly introduce several typical applications of hyperspectral image super-resolution,including ground object classification,urban change detection,and ecosystem monitoring.Finally,we provide the conclusion and challenges in existing learning-based methods,looking forward to potential future research directions.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of the Science and Technology Commission of Beijing Municipality(No.D16110000816002,No.Z181100002218001)。
文摘Objective:Multi-center data on the current status and trends of breast reconstruction after mastectomy in China are lacking.Herein,we conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate the current clinical practice pattern of postmastectomy breast reconstruction among Chinese female patients with breast cancer.Methods:A standardized questionnaire used to collect information on breast reconstruction among females diagnosed with breast cancer was distributed by 31 members of the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery between January 1,2018 and December 31,2018.Information was collected on tumor characteristics,treatment,mesh application,nipple-areola complex(NAC)preservation,postoperative complications,bilateral reconstruction,patient satisfaction and local recurrence.The overall rate of breast reconstruction was assessed,and the characteristics were compared across patient groups with different reconstruction approaches.Results:A total of 1,554 patients underwent breast reconstruction after total mastectomy,with a reconstruction rate of 9.6%.Among them,1,190 were implant-based,and 262 underwent autologous reconstructions,while 102 cases underwent a combination of both.Patients who underwent implant-based reconstruction were younger than those who received autologous reconstruction(40.1±4.6 vs.45.0±5.9,P=0.004).Compared to patients with autologous reconstruction,mesh application(25.5%vs.6.5%),NAC preservation(51.8%vs.40.5%)and reconstruction failure(1.8%vs.0)were more frequently reported among those with implant-based reconstruction.There was no significant difference in general satisfaction across three reconstruction approaches,though patients with autologous reconstruction reported the highest aesthetic satisfaction among the three groups(P=0.044).Conclusions:Implant-based breast reconstruction remains the dominant choice among patients,while autologous reconstruction was associated with higher aesthetic satisfaction.Our multi-center investigation based on the findings of the tertiary hospitals of Chinese Society of Breast Surgery may guide a future series of clinical studies on breast reconstruction in China.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12004370 and 12127804)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB34020000)。
文摘The vibrational motions are usually neglected when calculating(e,2e) triple differential cross sections(TDCSs) of molecules. Here, multi-center distorted-wave method(MCDW) has been modified by including molecular vibrations. This vibrational MCDW method is employed to calculate the TDCSs of 1b3gorbital of ethylene at low(100 eV) and medium(250 eV) incident electron energies in coplanar asymmetric kinematic condition. The results show that molecular vibrations significantly influence the angular distributions of the TDCSs, especially in the binary region along momentum transfer near the Bethe ridge.
文摘BACKGROUND Precleaning is a key step in endoscopic reprocessing.AIM To develop an effective and economic endoscope cleaning method by using a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit.METHODS Altogether,228 used gastrointestinal endoscopes were selected from five high-volume endoscopy units and precleaned by a traditional precleaning bucket(group T)or a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit(group D).Each group was further subdivided based on the replacement frequency of the cleaning solution,which was replaced every time in subgroups T1 and D1 and every several times in subgroups Ts and Ds.The adenosine triphosphate(ATP)level and residual proteins were measured three times:Before and after precleaning and after manual cleaning.RESULTS After precleaning,the precleaning kit significantly reduced the ATP levels(P=0.034)and has a more stable ATP clearance rate than the traditional precleaning bucket.The precleaning kit also saved a quarter of the cost of enzymatic detergent used during the precleaning process.After manual cleaning,the ATP levels were also significantly lower in the precleaning kit group than in the traditional precleaning bucket group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the number of uses of the cleaning solution(up to four times)has no significant impact on the cleaning effect(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Considering its economic cost and cleaning effect,the use of a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit can be an optimal option in the precleaning stage with the cleaning solution being replaced several times in the manual cleaning stage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12233005, 12073078 and 12173088)the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with NO. CMS-CSST-2021-A02, CMS-CSST-2021-A04 and CMS-CSST-2021-A07grants from the Cyrus Chun Ying Tang Foundations。
文摘Aiming at improving the survey efficiency of the Wide Field Survey Telescope, we have developed a basic scheduling strategy that takes into account the telescope characteristics, observing conditions, and weather conditions at the Lenghu site. The sky area is divided into rectangular regions, referred to as “tiles,” with a size of2°. 577 × 2°. 634 slightly smaller than the focal area of the mosaic CCDs. These tiles are continuously filled in annulars parallel to the equator. The brightness of the sky background, which varies with the moon phase and distance from the moon, plays a significant role in determining the accessible survey fields. Approximately 50connected tiles are grouped into one block for observation. To optimize the survey schedule, we perform simulations by taking into account the length of exposures, data readout, telescope slewing, and all relevant observing conditions. We utilize the Greedy Algorithm for scheduling optimization. Additionally, we propose a dedicated dithering pattern to cover the gaps between CCDs and the four corners of the mosaic CCD array, which are located outside of the 3° field of view. This dithering pattern helps to achieve relatively uniform exposure maps for the final survey outputs.
文摘Landslides are pervasive geohazards that pose a serious threat to human lives,property,and crucial engineering constructions.Annually,landslides lead to tens of thousands of fatalities(see the paper of"List of typical catastrophic landslides from March 2004 to February 2024"in this issue,doi:10.31035/cg2024079)and cause economic damages amounting to billions of dollars around the world,as well as disrupting crucial infrastructures such as railways,highways。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372339)the China Geological Survey Project(DD20221816,DD20190319)。
文摘It is of crucial importance to investigate the spatial structures of ancient landslides in the eastern Tibetan Plateau’s alpine canyons as they could provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of the landslides and indicate the potential for future reactivation.This study examines the Deda ancient landslide,situated in the Chalong-ranbu fault zone,where creep deformation suggests a complex underground structure.By integrating remote sensing,field surveys,Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics(AMT),and Microtremor Survey Method(MSM)techniques,along with engineering geological drilling for validation,to uncover the landslide’s spatial feature s.The research indicates that a fault is developed in the upper part of the Deda ancient landslide,and the gully divides it into Deda landslide accumulation zoneⅠand Deda landslide accumulation zoneⅡin space.The distinctive geological characteristics detectable by MSM in the shallow subsurface and by AMT in deeper layers.The findings include the identification of two sliding zones in the Deda I landslide,the shallow sliding zone(DD-I-S1)depth is approximately 20 m,and the deep sliding zone(DD-I-S2)depth is 36.2-49.9 m.The sliding zone(DD-Ⅱ-S1)depth of the DedaⅡlandslide is 37.6-43.1 m.A novel MSM-based method for sliding zone identification is proposed,achieving less than 5%discrepancy in depth determination when compared with drilling data.These results provide a valuable reference for the spatial structural analysis of large-deepseated landslides in geologically complex regions like the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
基金supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51922065)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52179070)the Open Research Fund of Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage(Grant No.HIBF2020007).
文摘To restore dam-blocked natural fish migratory passages,a growing number of artificial fishways have been built in water conservancy and hydropower projects in China.The Angu hydropower station involved diverse important fish habitats in the lower reaches of the Daduhe River in Southwest China.Therefore,a vertical slot fishway(VSF)and a nature-like fishway(NLF)were built near the backwater area of the reservoir to connect the upstream and downstream habitats.Hydrodynamic and aquatic ecological surveys were conducted after the completion of the project to estimate the fish passing effect of the two fishways.The results indicated that both fishways were in effective operation and could maintain the desired hydrodynamic conditions and be used by several local fish species.During the survey,149 fish from 15 species and 111 fish from 17 species were captured by the traps in the VSF and NLF,respectively,while 1263 fish from 27 species were found in the downstream area.Some species captured in the VSF were not found in the NLF,and vice versa,which implied the different preferences of fish.Meanwhile,3789 signals including 2099 upward ones and 1690 downward ones were monitored with an ultrasonic fish detector at the inlet of the VSF.These findings revealed the characteristics of fish species observed in and near the fishways and provided valuable insights into the different fish passing capabilities of VSFandNLF.
文摘AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.METHODS:Using the diagnostic test method,62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency(age:24.74±3.75y)and 62 normal participants(age:23.61±3.13y)who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included.All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL.Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.RESULTS:The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5%and 71.0%,respectively,while the specificity was 96.8%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared to the CISS alone,the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS,COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806,0.694 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION:Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL,it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.
文摘In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate the time constant of a semiconductor survey meter and confirm the meter’s function. An additional filter was attached to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, more copper plates were added as needed, and the first and second half-value layers were calculated to enable comparisons of the facility’s X-ray system quality with the N-60 to N-120 quality values. Next, we used a medical X-ray system to measure the leakage dose and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The functionality of the meter was then checked and compared with the energy characteristics of the meter. The experimental results showed that it was possible to use a medical X-ray system to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality values and to calculate the time constant from the measured results, assuming actual leakage dosimetry for that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of the energy characteristics of the survey meter.
文摘Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest from scientists and practitioners, though it is recognized as one of the weakest points of EIA systems globally. Also, EIA follow-up is influenced by the context, mainly in terms of the types of projects or activities and their related impacts on the environment. Therefore, the present paper is focused on the investigation of the follow-up stage applied to the activity of seismic survey coupled with offshore oil & gas exploitation in Brazil. Research was based on a qualitative approach that included document analysis and semi-structured interviews with analysts involved in EIA processes, and sought to generate evidence of effectiveness of the EIA follow-up as conducted by the Federal Environment Agency (Ibama) in order to situate the practice of follow-up in the broader context of international best practice principles. Based on the findings, it was concluded that, due to the peculiarities of offshore seismic survey, it is necessary to promote adaptations in the procedures for monitoring impacts in order to ensure proper alignment with the principles and conceptual foundations that guide EIA practice. Specifically, the timing of the execution of the activity imposes challenges for its integration into the “conventional” cycle that has guided the monitoring of the impacts in the EIA of projects.
文摘With the rapid advancement of digital and information technology,global positioning system(GPS)technology has seen increasing utilization in surveying and mapping engineering,extending its application across land,ocean,and various other domains.By analyzing the technical means of GPS in surveying and mapping engineering,understanding the characteristics and key technologies in different application environments,and exploring the application process and key technical means,accurate control can be effectively realized.Based on this,this paper mainly analyzes the specific application of GPS technology in surveying and mapping engineering technology for reference.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.91750111)the Youth Foundation of Hebei Province Education Department,China(Grant No.QN2017028)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Hebei GEO University,China(Grant No.BQ2017047)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.A2015205161)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.SNNU.GK201801009)
文摘We study high-order harmonic generation(HHG) from multi-center asymmetric linear molecules numerically and analytically. Our simulations show that odd and even HHG spectra of the asymmetric multi-center system respond differently to the change of the molecular structure. Specifically, when the internuclear distances between these nuclei of the molecule have a small change, the odd spectra usually do not change basically, but the even spectra differ remarkably. Based on this phenomenon, a simple procedure is proposed to probe the positions of these nuclei with odd–even HHG. Our results shed light on attosecond probing of the structure of multi-center molecules using HHG.
文摘The simple adjusted estimator of risk difference in each center is easy constructed by adding a value c on the number of successes and on the number of failures in each arm of the proportion estimator. Assessing a treatment effect in multi-center studies, we propose minimum MSE (mean square error) weights of an adjusted summary estimate of risk difference under the assumption of a constant of common risk difference over all centers. To evaluate the performance of the proposed weights, we compare not only in terms of estimation based on bias, variance, and MSE with two other conventional weights, such as the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel weights and the inverse variance (weighted least square) weights, but also we compare the potential tests based on the type I error probability and the power of test in a variety of situations. The results illustrate that the proposed weights in terms of point estimation and hypothesis testing perform well and should be recommended to use as an alternative choice. Finally, two applications are illustrated for the practical use.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62276192)。
文摘Hyperspectral image super-resolution,which refers to reconstructing the high-resolution hyperspectral image from the input low-resolution observation,aims to improve the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral image,which is beneficial for subsequent applications.The development of deep learning has promoted significant progress in hyperspectral image super-resolution,and the powerful expression capabilities of deep neural networks make the predicted results more reliable.Recently,several latest deep learning technologies have made the hyperspectral image super-resolution method explode.However,a comprehensive review and analysis of the latest deep learning methods from the hyperspectral image super-resolution perspective is absent.To this end,in this survey,we first introduce the concept of hyperspectral image super-resolution and classify the methods from the perspectives with or without auxiliary information.Then,we review the learning-based methods in three categories,including single hyperspectral image super-resolution,panchromatic-based hyperspectral image super-resolution,and multispectral-based hyperspectral image super-resolution.Subsequently,we summarize the commonly used hyperspectral dataset,and the evaluations for some representative methods in three categories are performed qualitatively and quantitatively.Moreover,we briefly introduce several typical applications of hyperspectral image super-resolution,including ground object classification,urban change detection,and ecosystem monitoring.Finally,we provide the conclusion and challenges in existing learning-based methods,looking forward to potential future research directions.