Multi-dimensional ambiguity function for subarray-based space-time coding radar

Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and investigated.It is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the receiver.However,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit element increases.A subarray-based space-time coding(sub-STC)radar is explored to alleviate the range resolution reduction.For the proposed radar configuration,an identical waveform is transmitted and it introduces a small time offset in different subarrays.The multidimensional ambiguity function of sub-STC radar is defined by considering resolutions in multiple domains including the range,Doppler,angle and probing direction.Analyses on properties of the multi-dimensional ambiguity function of the sub-STC radar with regard to the spatial coverage,resolution performance and low sidelobes are also given.Results reveal that the range resolution and low sidelobes performance are improved with the proposed approach.

Multi-dimensional blind separation method for STBC systems

Intercepted signal blind separation is a research topic with high importance for both military and civilian communication systems. A blind separation method for space-time block code （STBC） systems is proposed by using the ordinary independent component analysis （ICA）. This method cannot work when specific complex modulations are employed since the assumption of mutual independence cannot be satisfied. The analysis shows that source signals, which are group-wise independent and use multi-dimensional ICA （MICA） instead of ordinary ICA, can be applied in this case. Utilizing the block-diagonal structure of the cumulant matrices, the JADE algorithm is generalized to the multidimensional case to separate the received data into mutually independent groups. Compared with ordinary ICA algorithms, the proposed method does not introduce additional ambiguities. Simulations show that the proposed method overcomes the drawback and achieves a better performance without utilizing coding information than channel estimation based algorithms.

A Novel High Spectral Efficiency Waveform Coding-OVFDM

Based on the Overlapped Multiplexing Principle[12],a frequency domain OVFDM(Overlapped Frequency Domain Multiplexing) Coding is proposed.By the data weighted shift overlapped version of any band-limited Multiplexing Transfer Function H(f) the coding gain and spectral efficiency are both achieved.The heavier the overlap of the data weighted Multiplexing Transfer Function H(f),the higher the coding gain and spectral efficiency as well as the closer the output to the optimum complex Gaussian distribution.The bit error probability performance is estimated.The time domain OVTDM(Overlapped Time Domain Multiplexing) Coding,the dual of OVFDM in time domain is incidentally proposed as well.Both theoretical analysis and testified simulations show that OVFDM(OVTDM) is suitable for high spectral efficiency application and its spectral efficiency is only roughly linear to SNR rather than the well-known logarithm to SNR.

ORTHOGONAL DISCRETE FREQUENCY-CODING WAVEFORM DESIGN FOR MIMO RADAR

Design of orthogonal code sets with ideal correlation properties is crucial for orthogonalMultiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)radar.A modified Genetic Algorithm(GA)is proposed tonumerically design orthogonal Discrete Frequency-Coding Waveforms(DFCWs)with good correlationproperties for MIMO radar.Some of the designed results are presented,and their correlation propertiesare better than those presented in literatures.The effect of Doppler frequency shift on the performanceof these signals is simply investigated.Simulation results and comparisons show that the proposedalgorithm is more effective for the design of DFCWs with superior aperiodic correlation properties.

Variable Rate Characteristic Waveform Interpolation Speech Coder Based on Phonetic Classification

A variable-bit-rate characteristic waveform interpolation （VBR-CWI） speech codec with about 1.8 kbit/s average bit rate which integrates phonetic classification into characteristic waveform （CW） decomposition is proposed. Each input frame is classified into one of 4 phonetic classes. Non-speech frames are represented with Bark-band noise model. The extracted CWs become rapidly evolving waveforms （REWs） or slowly evolving waveforms （SEWs） in the cases of unvoiced or stationary voiced frames respectively, while mixed voiced frames use the same CW decomposition as that in the conventional CWI. Experimental results show that the proposed codec can eliminate most buzzy and noisy artifacts existing in the fixed-bit-rate characteristic waveform interpolation （FBR-CWI） speech codec, the average bit rate can be much lower, and its reconstructed speech quality is much better than FS 1 016 CELP at 4.8 kbit/s and similar to G. 723.1 ACELP at 5.3 kbit/s.

Evaluations of Novel Waveform Coding Signals Based on Finite Projective Plane

The most popular and representative classic waveform codes are referred to as orthogonal,bi-orthogonal,simplex,and etc,but the choice of waveform codes is essentially identical in error performance and cross correlation characteristic.Though bi-orthogonal coding requires half the bandwidth of the others,such coding scheme is attractive only when large bandwidth is available.In this paper,a novel finite projective plane（FPP） based waveform coding scheme is proposed,which is with similar error performance and cross correlation.Nevertheless,the bandwidth requirement will grow in a quadratic way,but not in an exponential way with the values of message bit numbers（k）.The proposed scheme takes obvious advantages over the bi-orthogonal scheme when k ≥ 6.

RADAR HRR PROFILING FOR GROUND MOVING TARGET USING PHASE-CODED AND HOPPED-FREQUENCY WAVEFORMS

To obtain the radar High Range Resolution (HRR) profile of the slowly moving ground target in strong clutter background, the Phase-Coded Hopped-Frequency (PCHF) waveform is proposed. By multiple-bursts coherent processing, the HRR profile synthesis, target velocity compensation and clutter compression can be accomplished simultaneously. The new waveform is shown to have good ability to suppress ground clutter and good Electronic Counter-CounterMeasures (ECCM) ability as well. The clutter compression performance of the proposed method is verified by the numerical results.

高效高精度隧洞岩体超前速度建模及成像

准确提取隧洞掌子面前方岩体的纵波速度信息并对异常地质体构造进行准确成像是提高地震波法超前地质预报精度的关键。时间域全波形反演(full waveform inversion, FWI)技术可以实现对掌子面前方岩体纵波速度的高精度建模;将FWI结合互相关目标函数,可以解决隧洞中不同炮孔能量不均对反演结果的影响,并提高反演算法的抗噪性;结合隧洞地震数据混合震源编码策略,可以显著提高FWI计算效率;利用FWI提供的准确速度模型,进行基于双向照明补偿互相关成像条件的逆时偏移(reverse time migration, RTM),可以实现对异常地质构造的精准成像。通过多种隧洞常见地质体模型的数值试验验证了高效高精度隧洞岩体超前速度建模及成像方法的有效性,并为实际隧洞工程应用提供了理论支撑。

基于改进混合量子遗传算法的二相编码雷达波形优化

针对当前雷达波形优化算法搜索策略单一、适用范围受限的问题,提出了一种基于改进混合量子遗传算法的二相编码雷达波形优化算法。所提算法采用了一种新的自适应旋转角度策略,根据迭代次数和余弦相似度动态调整旋转角度,提高了算法的收敛速度、全局搜索能力和求解质量。仿真结果表明,与遗传算法、基本量子遗传算法和混合量子遗传算法相比,对于包含了单峰、多峰和非凸优化问题的6个标准测试函数,所提算法在质量和资源消耗上均表现更好;对于二相编码雷达波形优化,证实了使用所提算法优化波形是可行和有效的。

基于脉间码型捷变波形的距离-多普勒二维干扰重构算法

密集假目标干扰通过在真实目标周围产生大量假目标,形成欺骗和压制双重干扰效果,严重影响雷达的目标探测能力。为此,该文提出一种基于脉间码型捷变波形的距离-多普勒二维干扰重构算法来抑制密集假目标干扰。该算法基于脉间码型捷变波形的距离选通性,在距离-多普勒域通过交替反演实现干扰和目标重构,并从回波中对消干扰来实现干扰剔除。首先,通过构造不同距离段的接收滤波器组来实现干扰和目标回波的分距离段处理;其次,采用联合失配滤波器组使各脉冲滤波输出的距离旁瓣结构近似相同,减小脉间码型捷变波形经脉冲多普勒处理后沿多普勒维的散布能量;然后,利用干扰和目标回波在不同距离-多普勒平面上的能量分布特性构造滤波矩阵;最后,通过交替反演实现干扰和目标的精准重构,进而实现密集假目标干扰的抑制。仿真结果表明,与传统方法相比,该文所提算法在干扰抑制和运行时间方面展现出优越的性能,显著提升了雷达在强干扰环境中的目标检测能力。

Photonics Improvement of the Time-Bandwidth Product for a Linearly Chirped Waveform

A photonics approach to generate a linearly chirped waveform with increased TBWP is proposed and investigated. The time bandwidth product (TBWP) of the linearly chirped waveform is improved based on optical microwave frequency multiplying combined with temporal synthesis. An integrated dual-polarization modulator and an optical filter are utilized to perform frequency doubling operation by generating an orthogonally polarized optical signal, which consists of an optical carrier in one polarization direction and a second-order chirped optical sideband in another. Then the orthogonally polarized optical signal puts into a polarization modulator (PolM) to perform phase coding process. By driving a Pseudorandom (PN) sequence to the PolM, the time duration of the generated bandwidth doubled linearly chirped waveform can be synthesized to arbitrary length. The approach is verified by simulation. A linearly chirped waveform with central frequency of 8.25 GHz, bandwidth of 500 MHz, time duration of 6.4 ns is used to generate a synthesized waveform with central frequency of 16.5 GHz, bandwidth of 1 GHz, time duration of 819.2 ns. The TBWP of the linearly chirped signal is improved from 3.2 to 819.2. The proposed method features arbitrary large TBWP, and it can be used in a radar system to improve its resolution.

A CLASS OF BAND-LIMITED CHIP WAVEFORMS FOR DS-CDMA SYSTEMS

In Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) systems,the chip wave-form affects the implementation,system bandwidth,envelope uniformity,eye pattern and Multiple user Access Interference (MAI). In this paper,based on an elementary density function of a second order polynomial,a class of second order continuity pulses is proposed. From this class of pulses,we can find some members having faster decaying rate,bigger eye opening,more uniform envelope and stronger anti-MAI capability than the Nyquist waveform. The normalized-bandwidth-pulse-shape-factor product,the decaying rate of the tail of the time waveform,the opening of the eye diagram,and the envelope uniformity of the second order continuity pulses are addressed in the paper that provide the basic information for the selection of the chip pulse for CDMA systems.

多无人水下航行器协同探测声呐宽带波形设计与性能分析

相比于空中的电磁波信号,水下的声波信号传播速度小、频率低,多普勒效应和窄带信号处理方法严重影响多无人水下航行器(multi-UUV)协同探测声呐对运动目标的探测性能。该文基于Costas序列和正交频分线性调频(OFD-LFM)波形,设计了离散频率编码非正交线性调频波形(DFCW-NOFD-LFM),并将该波形与二进制相移键控(BPSK)、离散频率编码波形(DFCW)等传统码分多址(CDMA)波形进行了性能比较。结果表明,所设计波形具有大多普勒容限、良好的自相关与互相关性能和优秀的抗混响能力,有望应用于多UUV协同探测声呐,以提高其运动目标探测性能。

一种多载波相位编码波形的运动补偿方法

多载波相位编码雷达信号波形,在频域上包含多个子载波,在时域上采用分段编码,能够有效降低接收机的循环自相关特性,提高雷达发射信号被敌方侦收机截获和解析的难度,具有良好的抗欺骗干扰与低截获性能。但多载波相位编码波形具有多普勒敏感性,在高速运动平台上应用时,运动会导致信号脉冲压缩后主副瓣比降低,造成脉冲压缩与相参积累损失。对此,文中提出了一种多普勒前置补偿技术,在多载波相位编码波形产生阶段,利用运动平台速度对该波形的每个子载波进行精细的多普勒预置补偿,有效降低了该波形的多普勒敏感性,同时该方法具有便于工程实现的特点。仿真结果表明,该方法在高速平台应用条件下能够有效地抑制脉冲压缩旁瓣,降低脉冲压缩和相参积累损失。

集中式MIMO雷达研究进展:正交波形设计与信号处理

集中式多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)雷达通常利用正交波形增加发射波形自由度,采用数字阵列拓展空间收发自由度,使得雷达接收机的天线孔径获得明显扩展,最终带来空间分辨率、测角精确度、杂波抑制能力等大幅度提升。但是,这些性能提升的前提是发射波形具有正交特性。事实上,在实际应用中,在不牺牲时域/频域资源情况下,受限于时宽带宽积,无法获得完全正交的波形集合,从而限制了MIMO雷达系统性能。本文对集中式MIMO雷达正交波形复用的技术原理进行了系统回顾,分别归纳了三种快时间发射波形设计方法:时分复用(Time Division Multiplexing,TDM)、码分复用(Code Division Multiplexing,CDM)和频分复用(Frequency Division Multiplexing,FDM),以及两种慢时间发射波形设计方法:多普勒分复用(Doppler Division Multiplexing,DDM)和随机相位编码波形,并对其优缺点进行对比。同时,对快时间MIMO和慢时间MIMO的信号处理流程进行归纳综合,给出基于匹配滤波的集中式MIMO雷达统一信号处理框架。为了展示不同波形对成像性能的影响,本文给出了基于三维匹配滤波的MIMO雷达成像结果。最后,结合实际应用问题,指出当前MIMO雷达面临的技术难点和发展趋势。

基于粒子采样投影的雷达低旁瓣复合波形设计

非合作无人机机动性强、易被建筑物遮挡,往往具备信号截获能力,给传统雷达探测带来严峻挑战。对此,提出基于粒子采样投影的恒模波形设计方法来获得局部低旁瓣、低截获波形。首先,利用混沌相位编码的随机性构造复合波形,增强波形低截获性能;接着,引入低旁瓣波形设计的数学模型,并转化为多变量交替范数迭代优化问题;进而,借鉴粒子滤波采样思想、交替投影框架,构建粒子集群同步投影、采样更新机制。仿真实验表明,所提算法运算效率高、稳定性强,波形兼具低旁瓣、低截获与多普勒容忍性,与当前流行算法相比具有显著优势。

一种基于完全互补码波形设计的抗间歇式采样转发干扰方法

间歇采样转发干扰(ISRJ)是一种先进的有源相干干扰技术,对雷达的探测性能有较大的影响,且现有抗ISRJ的方法需要求解复杂的波形优化问题以及需进行干扰识别和剔除。于是,在深入研究ISRJ的基础上,该文基于完全互补码提出一种抗ISRJ的方法。针对ISRJ时域采样不连续的特点,该文首先通过脉内频域正交的方法将完全互补码中的所有互补波形按照子脉冲掩护的方式编入单个脉冲雷达波形。然后,基于脉内分段脉冲压缩的处理方式,利用完全互补码波形的理想互相关和自相关特性,设计非匹配滤波器系数在抑制ISRJ的同时能得到较低的距离旁瓣。相比于现有抗ISRJ的方法,所提方法在线设计能力更强且无需进行干扰识别和剔除。仿真实验表明所设计波形能有效对抗多种样式的ISRJ且具有较高的多普勒容忍度。

声学多普勒测速技术综述

速度信息是实现水下精确自主导航的重要参量之一。本文以海洋声学多普勒测速技术为对象,介绍了其研究现状、关键技术和发展趋势。首先将声学测速技术分为声学相关测速技术和声学多普勒测速技术;在此基础上,总结了声学多普勒测速信号处理方法、技术演化历程和国内外设备发展现状;讨论了声学多普勒测速的波形设计、误差标校、性能评价、系统检测等关键技术;最后对声学多普勒测速技术未来发展进行了展望,梳理了声学环境感知、一体化融合等趋势,为相关研究提供有益的参考和借鉴。

基于粒子群优化算法的相位编码雷达干扰波形优化

间歇采样转发干扰是一种针对相位编码雷达的有效干扰方法,但存在假目标分布滞后的不足,文中在对间歇采样转发干扰研究的基础上,从波形优化角度出发,提出一种基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的间歇采样转发干扰优化方法。通过对间歇采样脉冲进行相位序列调制的方式,改变干扰信号脉压后的假目标统计特性,然后利用PSO算法对相位调制序列进行优化求解,形成近似压制性效果。结合仿真实验,围绕不同参数条件下的干扰效果进行了对比,验证了该方法的有效性。