Expression and significance of multi-drug resistance-associated protein 3 in different tumor cell lines

Objective To investigate the expression and meaning of MRP3 in different tumor cells. MethodsThe monoclonal antibody against MRP3 was used to identify the expression of MRP3 by flow cytometer in seven tumor cells and human embryo kidney cell lines 293T.And RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA of MRP3 in eight cell lines. ResultsThe mRNA of MRP3 was expressed in three pancreatic carcinoma cell lines.MRP3 protein was observed in BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cells. ConclusionMRP3 may express in different tumor in tissue-specific manner.BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 may serve as cellular models for in vitro studies on multidrug resistance of pancreatic carcinoma.

EXPRESSION OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN IN HUMAN GASTRIC AND RENAL CARCINOMAS

Objective The clinical signilicance of exPression of multidrug resistance- associated protein (MRP) in gastric and renal carcinoma was investigated. Methods LSAB immunohistochemistry was performed to detect eopression of MRP in the carcinoma tissues of 52 patients with gastric carcinoma and 20 cases with renal cell carcinoma. Results The positive expression rate of MRP was 38.5% (20/52) in gastric carcinoma tissues, and 60% (12/20) in renal carcinoma tissues. The expression of MRP both on cellular membrane and in cytoplasm was observed, but the expression in cytoplasm (thick granule) was more obvious. The positive expression rates of MRP in advanced gastric and renal carcinoma (Ⅲ orⅣ stage) were 60% (15/25) and 88.90% (8/9) reSPectively, which were higher than those in early lesion (Ⅰ or Ⅱ stage, 18.5% and 36.4% respectively). Furthermore, the patients with positive expression of MRP in gastric carcinoma tissues had shorter mean survival time and lower 5-year survival rate than that with negative eopression of MRP. Conclusion MRP plays an important role in the infiltration and metastasis of gastric and renal carcinoma and might contribute to the intrinsic drug - resistance in both carcinomas.

Thioridazine reverses trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer by inhibiting S-phase kinase associated protein 2-mediated aerobic glycolysis

BACKGROUND Trastuzumab constitutes the fundamental component of initial therapy for patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2)-positive gastric cancer(GC).However,the efficacy of this treatment is hindered by substantial challenges associated with both primary and acquired drug resistance.While S-phase kinase associated protein 2(Skp2)overexpression has been implicated in the malignant progression of GC,its role in regulating trastuzumab resistance in this context remains uncertain.Despite the numerous studies investigating Skp2 inhibitors among small molecule compounds and natural products,there has been a lack of successful commercialization of drugs specifically targeting Skp2.AIM To discover a Skp2 blocker among currently available medications and develop a therapeutic strategy for HER2-positive GC patients who have experienced progression following trastuzumab-based treatment.METHODS Skp2 exogenous overexpression plasmids and small interfering RNA vectors were utilized to investigate the correlation between Skp2 expression and trastuzumab resistance in GC cells.Q-PCR,western blot,and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the regulatory effect of thioridazine on Skp2 expression.A cell counting kit-8 assay,flow cytometry,a amplex red glucose/glucose oxidase assay kit,and a lactate assay kit were utilized to measure the proliferation,apoptosis,and glycolytic activity of GC cells in vitro.A xenograft model established with human GC in nude mice was used to assess thioridazine's effectiveness in vivo.RESULTS The expression of Skp2 exhibited a negative correlation with the sensitivity of HER2-positive GC cells to trastuzumab.Thioridazine demonstrated the ability to directly bind to Skp2,resulting in a reduction in Skp2 expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels.Moreover,thioridazine effectively inhibited cell proliferation,exhibited antiapoptotic properties,and decreased the glucose uptake rate and lactate production by suppressing Skp2/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/glucose transporter type 1 signaling pathways.The combination of thioridazine with either trastuzumab or lapatinib exhibited a more pronounced anticancer effect in vivo,surpassing the efficacy of either monotherapy.CONCLUSION Thioridazine demonstrates promising outcomes in preclinical GC models and offers a novel therapeutic approach for addressing trastuzumab resistance,particularly when used in conjunction with lapatinib.This compound has potential benefits for patients with Skp2-proficient tumors.

EXPRESSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE GENE AND MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATEDPROTEIN GENE IN ACUTE LEUKEMIA

Objective: To evaluate the expression and clinical significance of multidrug resistance gene (mdr1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene in acute leukemia. Methods: The expression of mdr1 and MRP assay in 55 patients with acute leukemia (AL) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The mdr1 and MRP gene expression levels in the relapsed AL and the blastic plastic phases of CML were significantly higher than those in the newly diagnostic AL and controls. The mdr1 and MRP gene expression levels in the clinical drug-resistant group were significantly higher than those in the non-drug-resistant group. The complete remission (CR) rate in patients with high mdr1 expression (14.3%) was significantly lower than that with low mdr1 expression (57.5%); similarly the CR rate in patients with high MRP level was also lower than that with low MRP level. Using both high expression of mdr1 and MRP gene as the indicator for evaluating multidrug resistance (MDR), the positive predictive value and accuracy increased in comparison with single gene high expression. Conclusion: Elevated level of mdr1 or MRP gene expression might be unfavorable prognostic factors for AL patient and may be used as an important index for predicting drug-resistance and relapse in AL patient. Measuring both mdr1 and MRP gene expression would increase accuracy and sensibility of evaluating MDR in acute leukemia.

EXPRESSION OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (MRP) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Methods: The expression of MRP in 62 cases with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was detected using immunohistochemistry method. The expression of MRP in 30 cases of NSCLC and corresponding normal lung tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. Results: this study of tumor tissues confirmed the plasma membrane and/or cytoplasm locations of MRP. There was apparent difference between normal lung tissues and NSCLC in MRP. The survival analysis of 62 NSCLC showed that the mean survival time of the patients with negative MRP expression was 69.8117.41 months and that of patients with positive MRP expression, 25.384.46 months. Log-rank test suggested that the difference between them was significant (P=0.0156). It was also found that in squamous cell lung cancer the statistically significant difference between the mean survival time of patients with positive MRP expression and those with negative MRP expression (P=0.0153). Multivariate Cox model analysis suggested that the survival time was significantly related to expression of MRP (P=0.035) and lymphatic metastasis (P=0.038). Conclusion: MRP expression in NSCLC is significantly higher compared with normal lung tissues. The mean survival time of patients with negative MRP was relative longer and expression of MRP was an independent factor for prognosis.

Relationship between Methylation Status of Multi-drug Resistance Protein(MRP) and Multi-drug Resistance in Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Objective： To study the relationship between the methylation status of multi-drug resistance protein （MRP） gene and the expression of its mRNA and protein in lung cancer cell lines. Methods： Human embryo lung cell line WI-38, lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPCA-1 and its drug-resistant cells induced by different concentrations of doxorubicin were treated with restriction endonuclease Eco47III. The methylation status of MRP was examined by PCR, and the expressions of its mRNA and protein were evaluated by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Results： MRP gene promoter region of WI-38 cells was in hypermethylation status, but the promoter region of MRP in SPCA-1 cells and their resistant derivatives induced by different concentrations of doxorubicin were in hypomethylation status. There were significant differences in the expression of MRP mRNA among WI-38 cell line, SPCA-1 cells and their drug-resistant derivatives induced by different concentration of doxorubicin. Consistently, MRP immunostaining presented similar significant differences. Conclusion： The promoter region of MRP in SPCA-1 lung adenocarcinoma cells was in hypomethylation status. The hypomethylation status of 5＇ regulatory region of MRP promoter is an important structural basis that can increase the activity of transcription and results in the development of drug resistance in lung cancer.

Long interspersed nuclear element ORF-1 protein promotes proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To clarify the specific roles and mechanisms of long interspersed nuclear element-1 ORF-1 protein [human long interspersed nuclear element-1(LINE-1),ORF-1p] in chemotherapeutic drug resistance and cell proliferation regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cells.METHODS:MTT assays were performed to identify the effect of the chemotherapeutic drug toxicity on HepG2 cells.Cell proliferation inhibition and the IC 50 were calculated by the Origin 8.0 software.Western blotting assays were performed to investigate whether LINE-1 ORF-1p modulates the expression of some important genes,including p53,p27,p15,Bcl-2,mdr,and p-gp.To corroborate the proliferation and anchor-independent growth results,the HepG2 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to investigate the effect of LINE-1 ORF1p on the apoptosis regulation.RESULTS:LINE-1 ORF-1p contributed to the resistance to several chemotherapeutic drugs(cisplatin and epirubicin) in HepG2 cells.The IC 50 of the epirubicin and cisplatin increased from 36.04 nmol/L to 59.11 nmol/L or from 37.94 nmol/L to 119.32 nmol/L.Repression of LINE-1 ORF-1p expression by the siRNA could markedly enhance the response of HepG2 cells to the epirubicin and cisplatin.The IC 50 correspondingly decreased from 28.06 nmol/L to 3.83 nmol/L or from 32.04 nmol/L to 2.89 nmol/L.Interestingly,down-regulation of LINE-1 ORF-1p level by siRNA could promote the response of HepG2 cells to the paclitaxel.The IC 50 decreased from 35.90 nmol/L to 7.36 nmol/L.However,overexpression of LINE-1 ORF-1p did not modulate the paclitaxel toxicity in HepG2 cells.Further Western blotting revealed that LINE-1 ORF-1p enhanced mdr and p-gp gene expression.As a protein arrested in the nucleus,LINE-1 ORF-1p may function through modulating transcriptional activity of some important transcription factors.Indeed,LINE-1 ORF-1p promoted HepG2 cell proliferation,anchor-independent growth and protected the cells against apoptosis through modulating the expression of p15,p21,p53,and Bcl-2 genes.CONCLUSION:LINE-1 ORF-1p promotes HepG2 cell proliferation and plays an important role in the resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs.By establishing novel roles and defining the mechanisms of LINE-1 ORF1p in HCC chemotherapeutic drug resistance and cell proliferation regulation,this study indicates that LINE-1 ORF-1p is a potential target for overcoming HCC chemotherapeutic resistance.

JNK1,JNK2,and JNK3 are involved in P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

BACKGROUND:Multidrug resistance(MDR)is extremely common in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and is a major problem in cancer eradication by limiting the efficacy of chemotherapy.Modulation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK)activation could be a new method to reverse MDR.However,the relationship between JNK activity and MDR in HCC cells is unknown.This study aimed to explore the relationship between MDR and JNK in HCC cell lines with different degrees of MDR.METHODS:A MDR human HCC cell line,SMMC-7721/ ADM,was developed by exposing parental cells to gradually increasing concentrations of adriamycin.The MTT assay was used to determine drug sensitivity.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and to measure the expression levels of P-glycoprotein(P-gp)and MDR-related protein(MRP)-1 in these cells.JNK1,JNK2 and JNK3 mRNA expression levels were quantified by real-time PCR.Expression and phosphorylation of JNK1,JNK2,and JNK3 were analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS:The MDR of SMMC-7721/ADM cells resistant to 0.05 mg/L adriamycin was mainly attributed to the overexpression of P-gp but not MRP1.In addition,these cells had a significant increase in percentage in the S phase,accompanied by a decrease in percentage in the G0/G1 phase,which is likely associated with a reduced ability for cell proliferation and MDR generation.We found that JNK1,JNK2,and JNK3 activities were negatively correlated with the degree of MDR in HCC cells.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that JNK1,JNK2,and JNK3 activities are negatively correlated with the degree of MDR in HCC cells.

Effects of Hypoxia on Expression of P-gp and Mutltidrug Resistance Protein in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cell Line

To study the effects of hypoxia on the expression of P-gp and mutltidrug resistance protein in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line, and to explore the probable mechanism of hypoxia in tumor cell of MDR. The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, P-gp and mutltidrug resistance protein was immunohistochemically detected by culturing human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell under hypoxia (2 % O_2) for 24 h. After interaction with adriamycin or cisplatin under hypoxia (2 % O_2) for 24 h, the cell survival rate was detected by MTT. Our results showed that the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, P-gp and mutltidrug resistance protein under hypoxia were higher than the expression under normoxia, and correlations between the expression of HIF-1α and P-gp or multidrug resistance-associated protein was observed (P<0.05). The resistance of adriamycin of A549 cell was enhanced under hypoxia. It is concluded that the resistance of tumor chemotherapy is enhanced in hypoxia. The expression of HIF-1α is obviously correlated with the expression of P-gp and mutltidrug resistance protein.

Expression of multidrug resistance proteins in retinoblastoma

AIM： To elucidate the mechanism of multidrug resistance in retinoblastoma, and to acquire more insights into in vivo drug resistance.METHODS： Three anticancer drug resistant Y79 human RB cells were generated against vincristine, etoposide or carboplatin, which are used for conventional chemotherapy in RB. Primary cultures from enucleated eyes after chemotherapy（PCNC） were also prepared. Their chemosensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents（vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin） were measured using MTT assay. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and various multidrug resistant proteins in retinoblastoma cells.RESULTS： Following exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs, PCNC showed less sensitivity to drugs. No significant changes observed in the p53 expression, whereas Bcl-2 expression was found to be increased in the drug resistant cells as well as in PCNC. Increased expression of P-glycoprotein（P-gp） was observed in drug resistant Y79 cells; however there was no significant change in the expression of P-gp found between primary cultures of primarily enucleated eyes and PCNC. Multidrug resistance protein 1（Mrp-1） expression was found to be elevated in the drug resistant Y79 cells as well as in PCNC. No significant change in the expression of lung resistance associatedprotein（Lrp） was observed in the drug resistant Y79 cells as well as in PCNC.CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that multidrug resistant proteins are intrinsically present in retinoblastoma which causes treatment failure in managing retinoblastoma with chemotherapy.

Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibition on the Expression of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 2 in a Human Placental Trophoblast Cell Line

Background： Placental multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 （MRP2）, encoded by ABCC2 gene in human, plays a significant role in regulating drugs＇ transplacental transfer rates. Studies o11 placental MRP2 regulation could provide more therapeutic targets for individualized and safe pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Currently, the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating placental drug transporters are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of histone deacetylases （HDACs） inhibition on MRP2 expression in the placental trophoblast cell line and to explore whether HDAC 1/2/3 are preliminarily involved in this process. Methods： The human choriocarcinoma-derived trophoblast cell line （Bewo cells） was treated with the HDAC inhibitors-trichostatin A （TSA） at different concentration gradients of 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 μmol/L. Cells were harvested after 24 and 48 h treatment. Small interfering RNA （siRNA） specific for HDACI/HDAC2/HDAC3 or control siRNA was transfected into cells. Total HDAC activity was detected by colorimetric assay kits. HDAC 1/2/3/ABCC2 messenger RNA （mRNA） and protein expressions were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western-blot analysis, respectively. Immunofluorescence for MRP2 protein expression was visualized and assessed using an immunofluorescence microscopy and ImageJ software, respectively. Results： TSA could inhibit total HDAC activity and HDAC 1/2/3 expression in company with increase ofM RP2 expression in Bewo cells. Reduction of HDAC 1 protein level was noted after 24 h of TSA incubation at 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 μmol/L （vs. vehicle group, all P 〈 0.001 ）, accompanied with dose-dependent induction of MRP2 expression （P = 0.045 for 1.0 μmol/L, P = 0.001 for 3.0 μmol/L, and P 〈 0.001 for 5.0 μmol/L）, whereas no significant diferences in MRP2 expression were noted after HDAC2/3 silencing. Fluorescent micrograph images of MRP2 protein were expressed on the cell membrane. The fluorescent intensities of MRP2 in the control, HDAC2, and HDAC3 siRNA-transfected cells weir week, and no significant differences were noticed among these three groups （all P 〉 0.05）. However, MRP2 expression was remarkably elevated in H DAC1 siRNA-transfected cells, which displayed an almost 3.19-fold changes in comparison with the control siRNA-transfected cells （P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusions： HDACs inhibition could up-regulate placental MRP2 expression in ritzy, and HDAC 1 was probably to be involved in this process.

Challenge to overcome: Nonstructural protein 5A-P32 deletion in direct-acting antiviral-based therapy for hepatitis C virus

Interferon(IFN)-based therapy for hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection has recently been replaced by IFNfree direct-acting antiviral(DAA)-based therapy, which has been established as a 1^(st) line therapy with high efficacy and tolerability due to its reasonable safety profile. Resistance-associated substitutions(RASs) have been a weakness of DAA-based therapy. For example, combination therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir(DCV/ASV) is less effective for HCV genotype 1-infected patients with Y93H as a nonstructural protein 5A RAS. However, the problem regarding RASs has been gradually overcome with the advent of recently developed DAAs, such as sofosbuvir-based regimens or combination therapy with glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. Despite the high efficiency of DAA-based therapy, some cases fail to achieve viral eradication. P32 deletion, an NS5A RAS, has been gradually noticed in patients with DCV/ASV failure. P32 deletion has been sporadically reported and the prevalence of this RAS has been considered to be low in patients with DCV/ASV failure. Thus, the picture of P32 deletion has not been fully evaluated. Importantly, currently-commercialized DAA-based combination therapy was not likely to be effective for patients with P32 deletion. Exploring and overcoming this RAS is essential for antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C.

多药耐药相关蛋白转运体在药物性肝损伤中的作用研究进展

肝脏是人体新陈代谢最旺盛的器官,也是体内多种药物的解毒器官。当长期或过量使用药物时会增加药物性肝损伤(DILI)的风险。多药耐药相关蛋白(MRPs)是位于细胞膜上的功能蛋白,可转运多种药物,在DILI中发挥重要作用。MRPs功能的抑制、缺失是药物肝毒性产生的重要原因。本文对MRPs的结构、表达部位及功能进行归纳,并对MRPs与DILI的关系及其改善DILI的机制进行总结,期望更好地了解MRPs转运体与DILI的关系,为后续防治DILI提供参考。

茵陈水提物对多药耐药蛋白3基因突变致新生儿肠外营养相关性胆汁淤积的保护作用

目的探讨茵陈水提物对多药耐药蛋白3(MDR3)基因突变导致的新生儿肠外营养相关性胆汁淤积(PNAC)的保护作用及可能机制。方法①将人原代培养肝细胞应用体外细胞培养、CRISPR/Cas9慢病毒感染、MDR3突变基因导入等技术处理后,比较1%脂肪乳诱导处理前(0)和处理后16、32、48 h不同时间点肝细胞上清液中肝胆生化指标〔丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)、间接胆红素(IBil)、总胆汁酸(TBA)〕的水平,确定构建MDR3基因突变PNAC肝细胞模型脂肪酸诱导所需的时间。②将人原代培养肝细胞株按随机数字表法分为空白对照组、MDR3基因野生型组、MDR3基因突变组、茵陈水提物干预组。空白对照组只用培养液处理,MDR3基因野生型组应用慢病毒感染融入野生型MDR3基因和培养液培养,MDR3基因突变组应用慢病毒感染慢病毒导入MDR3(c.485T>A、c.2793insA、c.1031G>A、c.3347G>A)突变基因和培养液培养,茵陈水提物干预组应用慢病毒感染导入MDR3突变基因和培养液培养的基础上,加入100 g/L茵陈水提物预处理,然后将4组肝细胞分别加入1%脂肪乳诱导处理,处理时间为构建MDR3基因突变PNAC肝细胞模型脂肪酸诱导所需时间。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定4组肝细胞上清液中肝胆生化(ALT、AST、TBil、DBil、IBil、TBA)水平,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测4组肝细胞编码MDR3、胆盐输出泵(BSEP)、多药耐药相关蛋白(MRP)2~4和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的三磷酸腺苷结合盒蛋白(ABCB4、ABCB11、ABCC2、ABCC3、ABCC4)和TNF基因mRNA的表达丰度。结果与空白对照组和MDR3基因野生型组比较,MDR3基因突变组在经1%脂肪乳诱导处理前和处理后16 h肝细胞上清液中肝胆生化指标(ALT、AST、TBil、DBil、IBil、TBA)水平比较差异无统计学意义,经1%脂肪乳诱导处理32 h和48 h MDR3基因突变组肝细胞上清液肝胆生化指标(ALT、AST、TBil、DBil、IBil、TBA)水平均明显升高(均P<0.05),确定构建MDR3基因突变PNAC肝细胞模型脂肪酸诱导所需的时间为32 h。与MDR3基因突变组比较,茵陈水提物干预组肝细胞在脂肪乳处理后32 h肝细胞上清液中肝胆生化指标(ALT、AST、TBil、DBil、TBA)水平均明显降低〔ALT(ng/L):148.3±2.3比164.9±7.0,AST(ng/L):2767.4±78.8比3239.4±107.1,TBi(lμmol/L):7.6±0.2比13.6±0.3,DBi(lμmol/L):1.8±0.1比5.7±0.2,TBA(μmol/L):3.4±0.2比6.7±0.1,均P<0.05〕;空白对照组、MDR3基因野生型组、MDR3基因突变组和茵陈水提物干预组肝细胞编码MDR3、MRP2、MRP3、MRP4的ABCB4、ABCC2、ABCC3、ABCC4基因mRNA表达丰度差异无统计学意义;TNF基因mRNA在MDR3基因突变组呈高表达(2-ΔΔCt:1.258±0.200比1.001±0.052),茵陈水提物干预组呈低表达(2-ΔΔCt:0.387±0.247比1.258±0.200),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与MDR3基因突变组比较,茵陈水提取物干预组肝细胞编码BSEP的ABCB11基因mRNA的表达丰度明显增高(2-ΔΔCt:2.955±0.479比1.333±0.529,P<0.05)。结论茵陈水提物对MDR3基因突变导致的PNAC有一定保护作用,可能与拮抗炎症反应,降低TNF基因的mRNA表达和改善编码BSEP的ABCB11基因的mRNA表达有关。

胰岛素抵抗与阿尔茨海默病的关联性研究进展

随着中国老龄化人口的比例不断增加,阿尔茨海默病的发病率也随之升高。阿尔茨海默病作为最常见的神经退行性疾病,会表现出不可逆转的认知功能障碍。多项研究表明,胰岛素抵抗与阿尔茨海默病的β淀粉样蛋白异常积累、tau蛋白的异常以及神经炎症等发病机制具有关联性。本文系统总结了胰岛素抵抗与阿尔茨海默病的关联性及其可能机制。

维生素K2调节YAP/TAZ信号通路对胆管癌细胞化疗耐药性的影响

目的:探究维生素K2(VK2)调节Yes相关蛋白(YAP)/PDZ结合基序转录共激活子(TAZ)信号通路对胆管癌(CCA)细胞化疗耐药性的影响。方法:将QBC939细胞设为对照组(Control组,空白培养基处理),QBC939/ADM细胞随机分为5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)耐药组、低浓度VK2组、中浓度VK2组、高浓度VK2组、高浓度VK2+YAP激活剂JASP组。CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力。划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力。Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。采用Western Blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase3和YAP/TAZ信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果:与Control组相比,5-FU组细胞OD450值(48 h、72 h)、细胞迁移率、细胞侵袭数目、细胞YAP、TAZ、Bcl-2蛋白表达显著上升(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、细胞Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达显著下降(P<0.05)。与5-FU组相比,VK2-M组、VK2-H组细胞的相应指标变化与上述相反(P<0.05)。JASP减弱了VK2逆转CCA化疗药物耐药性的作用。结论:VK2可能通过抑制YAP/TAZ信号通路,逆转CCA细胞对化疗药物的耐药性。

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血清胰腺衍生因子和妊娠相关蛋白A及微小RNA-21表达水平与胰岛素抵抗及妊娠结局的关系

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇血清胰腺衍生因子(PANDER)、妊娠相关蛋白A(PAPP-A)、微小RNA-21(miR-21)表达水平与胰岛素抵抗及妊娠结局的关系。方法 选取2019年8月至2022年8月西北妇女儿童医院收治的154例GDM孕妇作为GDM组,并根据妊娠结局分为不良妊娠组(35例)、良好妊娠组(119例);另按1∶1比例选取同期产检健康孕妇154例为对照组。比较各组血清PANDER、PAPP-A、miR-21水平及稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);采用Pearson相关系数分析GDM孕妇血清miR-21、PANDER、PAPP-A水平与HOMA-IR的相关性;采用多因素Logistic回归分析GDM孕妇发生不良妊娠结局的影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清PANDER、PAPP-A、miR-21预测GDM孕妇不良妊娠结局的价值。结果 GDM组HOMA-IR、PANDER、PAPP-A、miR-21水平均高于对照组(均P<0.001)。GDM孕妇PANDER、PAPP-A、miR-21水平与HOMA-IR均呈正相关(r=0.251、0.270、0.326,均P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示空腹血糖、HOMA-IR、PANDER、PAPP-A、miR-21水平高是GDM孕妇发生不良妊娠结局的危险因素(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,PANDER、PAPP-A、miR-21预测GDM孕妇不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.776、0.788、0.726,三项指标联合预测的AUC为0.943。结论 GDM孕妇血清PANDER、PAPP-A、miR-21表达水平升高,且与胰岛素抵抗及妊娠结局均具有相关性,PANDER、PAPP-A、miR-21联合检测有助于提高对GDM孕妇不良妊娠结局的预测效能。

基于法尼醇X受体通路探讨壮药依山红对胆汁淤积大鼠的影响

目的探讨壮药依山红对α-萘异硫氰酸酯(alpha-naphtyl isothiocyanate,ANIT)诱导胆汁淤积大鼠的影响及其作用机制。方法采用120只SD大鼠,随机分成6组,分别为正常组、模型组、熊去氧胆酸组及壮药依山红高、中、低剂量组,每组20只。除正常组外,余用ANIT灌胃建立胆汁淤积大鼠模型。连续给药15天后,称量计算大鼠肝脾指数;血清生化法检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)等转氨酶指标,测定总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)、总胆汁酸(total bile acids,TBA)等胆红素指标;苏木素—伊红(hematoxylin-Eosin,HE)染色法评估肝组织病理学变化,油红O染色评估肝脏脂滴代谢情况;蛋白免疫印迹法及实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)、钠牛磺胆酸共转运肽(Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide,NTCP)、多药耐药相关蛋白2(multidrug resistance-associated protein 2,MRP2)、胆汁盐转运蛋白(bile salt export pump,BSEP)蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果与正常组比,模型组大鼠肝脾指数、血清转氨酶(ALT、AST、AKP)及胆红素(TBIL、DBIL、TBA)显著升高(P<0.05),肝组织受损。壮药依山红各剂量及熊去氧胆酸显著降低这些指标(P<0.05),改善肝组织学病变,减少脂滴沉积,效果呈剂量依赖性。同时,依山红各剂量组大鼠肝组织中NTCP、MRP2蛋白的表达量均明显升高(P<0.05);高剂量组大鼠肝组织中BSEP蛋白相对表达量显著下降(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,依山红高、中剂量组大鼠肝组织中Fxr、Ntcp、Mrp2 mRNA的相对表达量显著升高(P<0.05);依山红低剂量组大鼠仅Mrp2 mRNA表达量显著升高(P<0.05);依山红各剂量大鼠肝组织中Bsep mRNA表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结论壮药依山红可通过调节FXR及其调控的胆汁转运相关蛋白的表达,对ANIT诱导胆汁淤积模型大鼠起到保肝利胆的作用。

妊娠期糖尿病患者PAPPA水平、HbA1c与胰岛素抵抗及妊娠结局的关系分析

目的分析妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(PAPPA)水平、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与胰岛素抵抗及妊娠结局的关系。方法选取2021年9月至2022年6月我院接收的95例GDM患者纳入观察组,同期来院产检的95例孕妇纳入对照组。比较两组研究对象的一般资料、不良妊娠结局发生情况;比较不同胰岛素抵抗分级及不同妊娠结局患者的PAPPA水平及HbA1c。结果观察组的身体质量指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、HbA1c、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)高于对照组,PAPPA水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的不良妊娠结局总发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。胰岛素抵抗分级Ⅰ级患者的PAPPA水平高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,HbA1c低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ级;Ⅱ级患者的PAPPA水平高于Ⅲ级,HbA1c低于Ⅲ级(P<0.05)。不良妊娠结局患者的PAPPA水平低于正常妊娠结局者,HbA1c高于正常妊娠结局者(P<0.05)。结论GDM患者的PAPPA水平、HbA1c与胰岛素抵抗及妊娠结局相关,低PAPPA水平、高HbA1c可增加高胰岛素抵抗及不良妊娠结局发生风险。

奥沙利铂在胃癌耐药性中的研究进展

胃癌是全世界最常见的癌症死亡原因之一,由于东西方国家的肿瘤生物学差异,确定统一的治疗标准十分困难,目前尚无治疗晚期胃癌的标准方案,全身化疗、放疗、手术、免疫治疗、靶向治疗等均已证实对胃癌有效。早期胃癌的主要治疗方法是内镜下切除,晚期胃癌采用联合化疗方案治疗。随着细胞毒性药物和分子靶向药物的快速发展,晚期胃癌姑息性化疗取得了一定进展,晚期胃癌患者的中位生存期延长至一年左右。奥沙利铂与其他药联合被认定是晚期胃癌一线化疗的新选择,由于不确定的疗效、安全性问题及肿瘤耐药现象的出现,分子靶向药物在晚期胃癌治疗中的作用有待进一步研究。因此,本文就胃癌治疗过程中奥沙利铂耐药的研究进展进行综述。