Multi-mode Multi-frequency GNSS-IR Combination System for Sea Level Retrieval

With the development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),geodetic GNSS receivers have been utilized to monitor sea levels using GNSS-Interferometry Reflectometry(GNSS-IR)technology.The multi-mode,multi-frequency signals of GPS,GLONASS,Galileo,and Beidou can be used for GNSS-IR sea level retrieval,but combining these retrievals remains problematic.To address this issue,a GNSS-IR sea level retrieval combination system has been developed,which begins by analyzing error sources in GNSS-IR sea level retrieval and establishing and solving the GNSS-IR retrieval equation.This paper focuses on two key points:time window selection and equation stability.The stability of the retrieval combination equations is determined by the condition number of the coefficient matrix within the time window.The impact of ill-conditioned coefficient matrices on the retrieval results is demonstrated using an extreme case of SNR data with only ascending or descending trajectories.After determining the time window and removing ill-conditioned equations,the multi-mode,multi-frequency GNSS-IR retrieval is performed.Results from three International GNSS Service(IGS)stations show that the combination method produces high-precision,high-resolution,and high-reliability sea level retrieval combination sequences.

Fast measurement and prediction method for electromagnetic susceptibility of receiver

Aiming at evaluating and predicting rapidly and accurately a high sensitivity receiver’s adaptability in complex electromagnetic environments,a novel testing and prediction method based on dual-channel multi-frequency is proposed to improve the traditional two-tone test.Firstly,two signal generators are used to generate signals at the radio frequency(RF)by frequency scanning,and then a rapid measurement at the intermediate frequency(IF)output port is carried out to obtain a huge amount of sample data for the subsequent analysis.Secondly,the IF output response data are modeled and analyzed to construct the linear and nonlinear response constraint equations in the frequency domain and prediction models in the power domain,which provide the theoretical criteria for interpreting and predicting electromagnetic susceptibility(EMS)of the receiver.An experiment performed on a radar receiver confirms the reliability of the method proposed in this paper.It shows that the interference of each harmonic frequency and each order to the receiver can be identified and predicted with the sensitivity model.Based on this,fast and comprehensive evaluation and prediction of the receiver’s EMS in complex environment can be efficiently realized.

A single-ended wideband reconfigurable receiver front-end for multi-mode multi-standard applications in 0.18μm CMOS

This paper presents a reconfigurable RF front-end for multi-mode multi-standard(MMMS) applications. The designed RF front-end is fabricated in 0.18 μm RF CMOS technology. The low noise characteristic is achieved by the noise canceling technique while the bandwidth is enhanced by gate inductive peaking technique. Measurement results show that, while the input frequency ranges from 100 MHz to 2.9 GHz, the proposed reconfigurable RF front-end achieves a controllable voltage conversion gain(VCG) from 18 dB to 39 dB. The measured maximum input third intercept point(IIP3) is-4.9 dBm and the minimum noise figure(NF) is 4.6 dB. The consumed current ranges from 16 mA to 26.5 mA from a 1.8 V supply voltage. The chip occupies an area of 1.17 mm^2 including pads.

A multi-mode multi-band RF receiver front-end for a TD-SCDMA/LTE/LTE-advanced in 0.18-μm CMOS process

A fully integrated multi-mode multi-band directed-conversion radio frequency （RF） receiver front-end for a TD-SCDMA/LTE/LTE-advanced is presented. The front-end employs direct-conversion design, and consists of two differential tunable low noise amplifiers （LNA）, a quadrature mixer, and two intermediate frequency （IF） amplifiers. The two independent tunable LNAs are used to cover all the four frequency bands, achieving sufficient low noise and high gain performance with low power consumption. Switched capacitor arrays perform a resonant frequency point calibration for the LNAs. The two LNAs are combined at the driver stage of the mixer, which employs a folded double balanced Gilbert structure, and utilizes PMOS transistors as local oscillator （LO） switches to reduce flicker noise. The front-end has three gain modes to obtain a higher dynamic range. Frequency band selection and mode of configuration is realized by an on-chip serial peripheral interface （SPI） module. The front- end is fabricated in a TSMC 0.18-μm RF CMOS process and occupies an area of 1.3 mm2. The measured double- sideband （DSB） noise figure is below 3.5 dB and the conversion gain is over 43 dB at all of the frequency bands. The total current consumption is 31 mA from a 1.8-V supply.

Analysis and design of a high-linearity receiver RF front-end with an improved 25%-duty-cycle LO generator for WCDMA/GSM applications

A rally integrated receiver RF front-end that meets WCDMA/GSM system requirements is presented.It supports SAW-less operation for WCDMA.To improve the linearity in terms of both IP3 and IP2,the RF front-end is comprised of multiple-gated LNAs with capacitive desensitization,current-mode passive mixers with the proposed IP2 calibration circuit and reconfigurable Tow-Thomas-like biquad TIAs.A new power-saving multi-mode divider with low phase noise is proposed to provide the 4-phase 25%-duty-cycle LO.In addition,a constant-g_m biasing with an on-chip resistor is adopted to make the conversion gain invulnerable to the process and temperature variations of the transimpedance.This RF front-end is integrated in a receiver with an on-chip frequency synthesizer in 0.13μm CMOS.The measurement results show that owing to this high-linearity RF front-end,the receiver achieves -6 dBm IIP3 and better than ＋60 dBm IIP2 for all modes and bands.