SOLVABILITY RESULTS OF A CONDITIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT EQUATION BASED ON A TYPE OF NONLINEAR LEONTIEF MODEL

A class of nonlinear and continuous type Leontief model and its corresponding conditional input-output equation are introduced, and two basic problems under the so called positive or negative boundary assumption are presented. By approaches of nonlinear analysis some solvability results of this equation and continuous perturbation properties of the relative solution sets are obtained, and some economic significance are illustrated by the remark.

Construction of Two-Region Input-output Model——A Case Study of Henan Province

On the basis of input-output table of Henan Province and China in 2007, this paper advances a simple method of constructing two-region input-output model using MRIO model, to research the economic link between the industries of Henan Province and the industries of other regions. I summarize the characteristics of this method based on this as follows: when researching inter-regional economic link, the multi-region or two-region input-output model has prominent superiority, and we can conduct preliminary estimation on the multi-region input-output model using location quotient approach.

The Influences of Energy Price Variation on the Prices of Other Industries: A Study Based on Input-Output Price Model

Energy has laid material foundation for human society during its development. Meanwhile, any change of price in the energy industry may influence social production and people’s life at all levels via an input-output mechanism under which the change related to energy is surely transmitted to other industries. The price change thus incurred in all industries may adversely affect the realization of macroeconomic objective-maintaining prices at a stable level. It is, therefore, needed to conduct an empirical research related to the impact of price change in energy industry on that in other industries. According to the data coming from “China’s 2015 Input-Output Extension Table (42 Departments)” and four hypothetical basis, this article focuses on four energy sectors and analyzes how deeply the price change of them, by use of input-output model, affects that of other industrial products under five conditions where each of their price rises by 10% individually or simultaneously, and why such an influence occurs. The results show that the price rising of the energies in question leads to an upward growth in the prices of other industrial products, especially when their prices go up simultaneously. Besides, the price increase in the four energy sectors doesn’t influence other industries in an accumulation form but actually leads to a rollback in some of other industries. It is recommended to adopt diversified pricing strategies for different energy products, thus maximizing the value of each specific energy, and meanwhile achieving the goals of energy consumption reduction and price equilibrium.

Re-measuring Status of China＇s High-Tech Industries in International Division of Labor： Applying a Non-Competitive Input-Output Model

Based on a refined ＂non-competitive input-output model,＂ this paper proposes a new framework for analyzing the status of a country＇s high-tech industries in the international division of labor, i.e. calculates the index of＂ weighted value-added productivity ＂ by compiling non-competitive input-output tables which distinguish high-tech industries from traditional industries. The new method effectively avoids ＂statistical illusion＂ which stems from a biased focus on gross exports under intra-product specialization. The empirical study shows that since 1995, the status of China＇s high-tech industries has grown quickly as a result of enhanced labor productivity, but still lags behind those of major developed countries. In addition, the study also suggests that the status of China＇s high-tech industries has been over-estimated using the traditional gross export statistical method.

INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN EVALUATING PROGRESS OF ENTERPRISE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The method of compiling input-output models of science and technology was studied,and the application of input-output techniques in evaluating the progress of enterprise science and technology was discussed.And the models for determining direct,indirect and full contributions of the progress of enterprise science and technology have been set up which can be used to analyse and evaluate the direct,indirect and full benefits of the progress of enterprise science and technology.

A Generalization of the Input-Output Pollution Control Model and Product Selection

The input-output pollution control model given in [1] is generalized. The generalization makes it easier for the model to handle many problem instances. A linear program is used to solve the new model. An example is given to show that the new model can handle classes of problems that the original model cannot handle.

New SOI power device with multi-region high-concentration fixed interface charge and the model of breakdown voltage

A new SOI power device with multi-region high-concentration fixed charge（MHFC） is reported. The MHFC is formed through implanting Cs or I ion into the buried oxide layer（BOX）, by which the high-concentration dynamic electrons and holes are induced at the top and bottom interfaces of BOX. The inversion holes can enhance the vertical electric field and raise the breakdown voltage since the drain bias is mainly generated from the BOX. A model of breakdown voltage is developed, from which the optimal spacing has also been obtained. The numerical results indicate that the breakdown voltage of device proposed is increased by 287% in comparison to that of conventional LDMOS.

Regional Agricultural Input-Output Model and Countermeasure for Production and Income Increase of Farmers in Southern Xinjiang,China

Agricultural input and output status in southern Xinjiang,China is introduced,such as lack of agricultural input,low level of agricultural modernization,excessive fertilizer use,serious damage of environment,shortage of water resources,tremendous pressure on ecological balance,insignificant economic and social benefits of agricultural production in southern Xinjiang,agriculture remaining a weak industry,agricultural economy as the economic subject of southern Xinjiang,and backward economic development of southern Xinjiang.Taking the Aksu area as an example,according to the input and output data in the years 2002-2007,input-output model about regional agriculture of the southern Xinjiang is established by principal component analysis.DPS software is used in the process of solving the model.Then,Eviews software is adopted to revise and test the model in order to analyze and evaluate the economic significance of the results obtained,and to make additional explanations of the relevant model.Since the agricultural economic output is seriously restricted in southern Xinjiang at present,the following countermeasures are put forward,such as adjusting the structure of agricultural land,improving the utilization ratio of land,increasing agricultural input,realizing agricultural modernization,rationally utilizing water resources,maintaining eco-environmental balance,enhancing the awareness of agricultural insurance,minimizing the risk and loss,taking the road of industrialization of characteristic agricultural products,and realizing the transfer of surplus labor force.

Application of Linear Model Predictive Control and Input-Output Linearization to Constrained Control of 3D Cable Robots

Cable robots are structurally the same as parallel robots but with the basic difference that cables can only pull the platform and cannot push it. This feature makes control of cable robots a lot more challenging compared to parallel robots. This paper introduces a controller for cable robots under force constraint. The controller is based on input-output linearization and linear model predictive control. Performance of input-output linearizing (IOL) controllers suffers due to constraints on input and output variables. This problem is successfully tackled by augmenting IOL controllers with linear model predictive controller (LMPC). The effecttiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical simulation.

Integrated Water and CGE Model of the Impacts of Water Policy on the Beijing's Economy and Output

The article used general equilibrium model to analyze the change of gross domestic product and industry output affected by water resources policies in Beijing City by using GEMPACK soft tool.The article researches on rules of water supply and demand,evaluating water resources,building water resources input and output table,establishing water computable general equilibrium model and stimulating water policy.The stimulation gives a scenario that increases water price by 10%.The result shows the following aspects.First,water resources policy infects gross domestic product and industry output in different ways.There are different behaviors in different industries as to the water policy. Agriculture industry has the same tendency as water price change and it has more sensitive to water quantity than to water price.For basic energy industries such as oil and chemistry and gas,they show diversity tendency.As to some high water consumer industry such as paper and textile etc.,water resource economic policy can infect them greatly and can promote them to accomplish more water-saving technology.Waste water and construction and service industries show the same tendency as to water policy.Second,government should pay more attention to water resource policy by macro economic administration.The simulation also shows that the output and supply and consumer price change more than expect as to water policy in a free market economic in water industry.So as to a government policy maker,one should be more carefully and prepare suitable forecast and plan to water policy and its negative impact.

TECHNIQUES OF CONSTRUCTING REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES: ACHIEVEMENTS

The development of any analytical method should have to experience at least four stages: its initial status, growth, mature and declining. However, although the regional input-output analysis has been widely applied for more than forty years, it is still one of the most important approach in regional economic analysis and forecast at present in the world. This is due to the never ended modifications and its great potentials. In this paper, we review the historical development of the regional input-output analysis.

GREY DISPLACEMENT INPUT－OUTPUT MODELS OF MINERAL PROCESSING－METALLURGY SYSTEM

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Input-Output Analysis of the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Chinese Industries

In this paper, we attempted to calculate the impact of environmental regulation on the international competitiveness of China＇s industries. Calculations are based on the input-output model that incorporates pollution control costs. We took enterprises ＇pollution control costs as the substitute variable for environmental regulation and price changes to measure the impact on international competitiveness for all sectors. Our studies reported three findings. First, price rises caused by pollution control costs were not more than 4 per cent in the manufacturing and trade sectors in 2007. Second, although the charging rate on pollutant discharge has become increasingly higher since 2003, the resultant price rise is only around O. 5 per cent across all sectors. Third, the impact brought about by increasingly stronger environmental regulation is limited and the resultant price rise does not exceed 2 per cent. Thesefindings indicate that the impact of environmental regulation on China＇s trade sectors is affordable. Therefore, it is needless to worry that environmental regulation will weaken the international competitiveness of Chinese products.

黄河流域水稀缺风险评价

基于黄河流域水稀缺特点及其成因,提出了综合考虑水量､水质和生态需水因素的流域水稀缺风险(WSR)评估框架,以此评估了2017年黄河流域90个地级市42个部门的直接水稀缺风险损失(DWSR),并通过构建城市尺度环境拓展多区域投入产出模型(MRIO),评估了城市间贸易驱动的间接水稀缺风险损失(IWSR).结果表明:流域DWSR和IWSR分别约为28941.49亿元和34464.08亿元,贸易导致的间接经济损失大于直接经济损失;各城市DWSR和IWSR整体上呈现一定的空间差异性,但高风险城市具有明显的空间集聚性和重合性,主要集中在流域中下游的山东､河南两省,如潍坊､淄博､郑州等;IWSR转移主要由各省内的城市间贸易产生,省际间的风险转移没有形成明显的热点区域;农林牧渔业､化学工业､石油加工､炼焦和核燃料加工业等部门的DWSR较高,同时也是主要的IWSR出口部门.建议结合识别出的重点城市､关键部门等全面加强WSR管理,协同推进黄河流域节水控水､水质改善和生态用水保障,促进流域水资源节约集约高效利用.

中国供给端与消费端重点碳减排省级部门研究

在“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的时代背景下,产业关联中的碳排放问题已成为当前的研究热点。通过在省级层面筛选中国的重点碳排放部门,并实施相应的产业结构调整与优化政策,可以精准高效地实现碳减排的目标。该研究基于中国多地区投入产出模型,采用投入产出法构建了省级产业间的经济与碳排放关联模型,分析了全国范围内碳排放关联较大的产业部门。通过产业关联分析法,探究了产业部门经济与碳排放的影响力系数和感应度系数的变化趋势,并从供给端和消费端分别识别中国重点碳减排省级部门。研究结果如下:(1)在全国层面,在后向关联和前向关联的不同视角下,碳排放关联较大的部门存在差异。具体而言,在供给端下,电力、热力的生产和供应业是碳排放关联最大的部门;在消费端下,建筑业则是碳排放关联最大的部门。(2)2010-2017年期间,电力、热力的生产和供应业作为供给端部门,通过后向关联推动了全国碳排放能力与规模的提升,但对全国经济规模增长的贡献相对有限。建筑业作为消费端部门通过前向关联对拉动全国碳排放的影响显著大于对经济的促进作用。(3)在省级层面,供给端的重点碳减排部门主要集中在河北、山西和内蒙古等省份的电力、热力的生产和供应业,以及新疆的交通运输及仓储业。消费端的重点碳减排部门主要集中在河北、内蒙古、浙江、江西、广西、重庆、四川、云南和陕西的非金属矿物制品业,云南的金属冶炼及压延加工业以及云南和新疆的交通运输及仓储业。最后,该研究基于产业链的供给端和消费端,对中国不同类型的重点碳减排省级部门提出相应建议。

中国灰水和碳足迹减污降碳空间联合网络研究

当前,中国面临着污染治理与碳减排的双重挑战,减污降碳成了社会经济绿色转型的重要抓手。该文以减污降碳为背景,利用2012年和2017年多区域投入产出表,分析2012年和2017年中国30个地区间贸易产生的灰水足迹与碳排放量,并采用社会网络分析法,从网络关系的视角,对2012年和2017年省际间灰水足迹和二氧化碳空间联合网络特征进行实证分析。结果表明:(1)山东、河南和江苏等经济规模较大的地区灰水足迹和碳排放量较大,海南、青海和宁夏等经济规模较小的地区灰水足迹和二氧化碳排放较小。(2)山西和内蒙古是主要的灰水足迹和碳排放净流出区域,广东、浙江和江苏是主要的灰水足迹净流入区域,地区发展和交通因素是灰水足迹和碳排放流动差异的主要原因。(3)在2012年和2017年中国省际灰水足迹和二氧化碳的空间联合关系中,所有地区均处于空间网络中。个体特征表明,西北经济规模较小的地区以溢出效应为主,经济规模较大的地区以接收其他地区的溢出关系为主,这是产品或服务流动导致的。研究结果可为制定科学的水资源管理和碳减排政策提供依据。

中国地区间贸易隐含碳转移及碳泄漏特征分析

为促进中国地区间的协同碳减排,减轻区域贸易活动中的隐含碳排放转移和碳泄漏现象对全国碳减排目标的削弱影响,本研究运用多区域投入产出模型对中国地区间贸易隐含碳排放总量进行测算和可视化分析,并从碳泄漏视角分析了贸易隐含碳流动路径的特征。主要结论:贸易隐含碳的输入输出具有较大的区域差异,净输入区域主要包括华东和西南地区,净输出区域主要集中在华北、东北和西北地区;贸易隐含碳排放主要从第二产业发达或能源资源富集的经济欠发达地区向经济发达地区流动;地区间碳泄漏流通格局与地区间贸易隐含碳相对集中的流通路径基本一致。

Spatial Heterogeneity of Embedded Water Consumption from the Perspective of Virtual Water Surplus and Deficit in the Yellow River Basin,China

Virtual water trade(VWT)provides a new perspective for alleviating water crisis and has thus attracted widespread attention.However,the heterogeneity of virtual water trade inside and outside the river basin and its influencing factors remains further study.In this study,for better investigating the pattern and heterogeneity of virtual water trade inside and outside provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin in 2015 using the input-output model(MRIO),we proposed two new concepts,i.e.,virtual water surplus and virtual water deficit,and then used the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)model to identify the inherent mechanism of the imbalance of virtual water trade between provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin and the other four regions in China.The results show that:1)in provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin,the less developed the economy was,the larger the contribution of the agricultural sector in virtual water trade,while the smaller the contribution of the industrial sector.2)Due to the large output of agricultural products,the upstream and midstream provincial regions of the Yellow River Basin had a virtual water surplus,with a net outflow of virtual water of 2.7×10^(8) m^(3) and 0.9×10^(8) m^(3),respectively.3)provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin were in a virtual water deficit with the rest of China,and the decisive factor was the active degree of trade with the outside.This study would be beneficial to illuminate the trade-related water use issues in provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin,which has farreaching practical signific-ance for alleviating water scarcity.

Cutting CO_(2)emissions through demand side regulation:Implications from multi-regional input-output linear programming model

This study combines multi-regional inputoutput(MRIO)model with linear programming(LP)model to explore economic structure adjustment strategies for the reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions.A particular feature of this study is the identification of the optimal regulation sequence of final products in various regions to reduce CO_(2)emissions with the minimum loss in gross domestic product(GDP).By using China's MRIO tables 2017 with 28 regions and 42 economic sectors,results show that reduction in final demand leads to simultaneous reductions in GDP and CO_(2)emissions.Nevertheless,certain demand side regulation strategy can be adopted to lower CO_(2)emissions at the smallest loss of economic growth.Several key final products,such as metallurgy,nonmetal,metal,and chemical products,should first be regulated to reduce CO_(2)emissions at the minimum loss in GDP.Most of these key products concentrate in the coastal developed regions in China.The proposed MRIO-LP model considers the inter-relationship among various sectors and regions,and can aid policy makers in designing effective policy for industrial structure adjustment at the regional level to achieve the national environmental and economic targets.

中国热带气旋灾害经济损失时空特征分析

首先对2004-2016年登陆我国的热带气旋时空特征进行了分析,然后,基于多区域投入产出模型测算了2004-2016年中国各区域各部门因热带气旋造成的间接经济损失,并在此基础上分析了热带气旋灾害造成的直接经济损失及间接经济损失的时空特征。结果表明:①2004-2016年间登陆我国的致灾热带气旋数量有增加的趋势,且主要聚集在东部和南部沿海区域,其中在南部沿海区域登陆的次数最多,高达80次。②在直接经济损失方面,2004-2016年间南部沿海和东部沿海区域的直接经济损失波动较明显,南部沿海、东部沿海和中部区域是直接经济损失最严重的三个区域。③在间接经济损失方面,从需求端来看,农业部门对重工业和轻工业的依赖度最高,从供给端来看,轻工业对农业部门的依赖度最高;东部沿海区域对中部区域的依赖度最高,南部沿海区域对西南区域及中部区域的依赖度最高,南部沿海和东部沿海区域是间接经济损失最为严重的两个区域。