Influence of decorative materials on cooling load of residential apartments

The influence of a polyvinyl chloride（PVC）-panel on the cooling load of a residential apartment in Mashad,Iran,is analyzed by the DeST-h software.And the summer natural ventilation of the residential apartment is investigated to determine the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics software.The evaluation results of the indoor wind velocity show that most parts of the apartment are comfortable.The cooling load of the penthouse can be decreased about 10.5% or 6.5% when an air layer exists or does not exist between the ceiling and the PVC-panel,respectively,indicating that the existence of the air layer can decrease the cooling load.However,the effect of the increase in the air layer＇s thickness on the decrease in the cooling load is obvious.Adding a thin layer of air between the ceiling and the PVC-panel is a good step toward sustainable buildings.

A New Design of Student Apartment Bed Based on Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics

Aiming at the defects of the products available on the market at present and basing on the Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics, a new kind of student apartment bed which can prove its humanity more clearly is designed, and its design direction is gotten through the questionnaire and the design starts from the real actual needs of students. After the original design was finished, the later investigation on the students was engaged with and made the engineering analysis. The conclusion is that the sum of ＂perfect＂ and ＂good＂ membership rates is up to 64%, hence the comprehensive assessment of the design is perfect. That is to say, this design is able to realize and meet the needs of users, and there is no doubt that it will have a good business prospects.

Electricity consumption propensity of different household members in apartment house

South Korea is an energy-guzzling country.Economic reasons in the country force its households to save more energy.Household energy consumption in South Korea has grown slow compared to other sectors and household energy consumption per capita is lower than the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) average.However,its per capita electricity use soared and expected to keep climbing mainly due to the increasing number of one-person household.To establish effective strategy against a possible electricity shortage,the amount of electricity energy consumption needs to be understood clearly first.We adopted both general survey and detailed survey for people living in apartment housings and collected data on electrical instrument use according to individual schedule.Based on these data,we tried to analyze electricity consumption patterns resulting from energy using activities at home and find out electricity using tendency according to each family member's characteristics in apartment housings.

The Profit Model of Long-Term Lease Apartments Under Multi-Agent Supply

The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments have begun to emerge. However, under the multi-subject supply, longterm lease apartments have encountered problems such as small profits in their development. Starting from the background of the development of long-term lease apartments, this study classified the main types of long-term lease apartments, analyzed the four profit models of comprehensive profit, expansion of rent difference, REITs and value-added services based on their business models, and proposed corresponding suggestions on the profitability of long-term lease apartments according to the current situation of profit difficulty of long-term lease apartments and the lack of profit models.

Outdoor Environmental Landscape Design of the Apartment for the Elderly in Southern Cities of China

On the basis of environmental psychology and environment-behavior science, this paper took Beijing Oriental Sun City Elderly Apartment for example to explore outdoor environmental landscape design schemes of the elderly apartment suitable for geomorphologic features, climatic conditions, and humanistic background of southern cities against the background of population aging in China, so as to provide references for the outdoor environment construction for the elderly apartment.

The role of furniture in exposure to non-ionizing radiation in a residential apartment

This article concerns the sources of non-ionizing radiation in a normal inhabited environment. Measurements show that residents are exposed to non-ionizing radiation in levels both below and above the European normative. Excess is present due to the fact that, producers of electronic equipment and appliances, those who use them, as well as those involved in the construction of housing, have insufficient acquaintance with non-ionizing radiation. Producers are advised to increase the coefficient of safety towards non-ionizing radiation by renewing technology. Users are advised to operate apparatus with the lowest possible power, to minimise time exposed to sources, to maximise the distance from them and to renew their appliances. Construction workers should take non-ionizing radiation more into consideration when furnishing of houses.

Horizontal Fire Spread in a Contemporary Apartment Based on a Real Fire

The apartment fire tests comprise a set of two full-scale fire experiments in a dwelling building made from pre-fabricated concrete elements in April 2013. Two apartments were nearly identically furnished and fully instrumented with thermocouples, video cameras and gas extraction probes. The apartments were ignited successively whereupon the fire in the second apartment developed freely to post-flashover conditions and got the main focus in this report. The apartment was completely furnished with contemporary furniture and objects, and had an average fire load density for residential occupancy. A full description of the fire load, ventilation conditions and instrumentation are provided. The focus of this report is primarily to obtain conclusions on the horizontal spread of smoke throughout the apartment during the fire growth period. Velocities of smoke spreading were measured to be in the range below 0.05 m/s which means that the smoke migrated over the longest distance throughout the apartment for about 3 to 4 minutes while the flame did not leave the initial fire room. The main aim of the experiments was to collect a comprehensive set of data from a realistic and contemporary fire scenario to validate numerical simulations.

Ventilation of Apartment Buildings and Nursing Homes

The paper presents the results of the investigations into the indoor climate and energy efficiency of ventilation devices in residential buildings and nursing homes. The indoor climate studies discussed in the article were conducted in a nursing home where room ventilation is based on Meltem Air Handling Units (AHU). Similar studies have been carried out in apartment buildings where CO2 levels in bedrooms were compared before and after renovating the ventilation with Meltem AHU and installing exhaust fans in the bathroom/WC and kitchen. Tenants evaluate the use of Meltem AHU in apartments very positively. The article presents the efficiency results of Meltem AHU with different external air temperatures conducted in apartments in real-life situations. The study shows that skilful renovation of ventilation in old apartment buildings enables to achieve good indoor climate and energy saving at the same time.

Evaluation of Embodied Energy and Construction Costs for the Design of Low-Rise Apartments for Low-Income Residents in Surabaya, Indonesia

Low-rise apartments for low-income residents have been built in Surabaya in recent years. They have four stories and many rooms, and the dwellers are all small traders. Because these projects are built with funds from the government, the buildings are designed to consider the cost of construction, without consideration of embodied energy material. As a result, the buildings are not optimal in terms of embodied energy and construction cost. At present, because there are both concerns over global warning and a worldwide energy crisis, the embodied energy in a building is a very important concept for building design, because it can determine usage of energy in relation to natural sources, especially fossil fuels. This is part of the sustainable design concept. This paper describes research regarding： differences in embodied energy and construction cost between different wall materials, including brick, corn block and lightweight concrete in low rise apartments; the optimal relationship between embodied energy and building cost; and which factors determine these differences. The findings of this research show that lightweight concrete is the best material for the building walls; apartments for low-income in Surabaya still do not represent optimal construction design; and that sustainable buildings are cheaper than those that do not use this concept.

An Evaluation Method for the Potential of Old Apartment Buildings＇ Rehabilitation in Brazil

The rehabilitation of older buildings for residential use that started in the last few decades of the 20th century has become recurrent in some Brazilian cities. In Sao Paulo, for instance, this subject is within the context of the revitalization of its downtown area with the reintroduction of residential occupancy in the region as a consequence of actions taken by public and private groups. However, older buildings were designed based on the technologies and regulations available in the past and applied to meet the lifestyles of the time of their construction. This paper presents a method for the analysis of older apartment buildings, diagnosing their strengths and limitations in adapting to both the new Brazilian regulatory and legislative requirements, and the contemporary domestic demands. Requirements, criteria and methods for evaluation were studied, and defined as well as procedures for the application of a method which allows for a physical and systematic analysis of old apartment buildings. It was found that the proposed method can be an important support tool at the moment of studying the feasibility of rehabilitation processes, guiding and providing grounds for the design and building decisions of the professionals involved in these processes.

Live in Huiyuan Apartments,and enjoy 21st century cyberspace

The Huiyuan Apartment complex is located within the Beichen Finance and Trade City near the Beijing Asian Games Village, and is owned by the Beichen Industrial Company Limited. Consisting of eight buildings, the apartments are beautifully structured, and feature an innovative architectural design. Huiyuan caters for foreign residents.Rooms within this 736 apartment complex are fully furnished, and equipped with the essential facilities of kitchen and laundry, all in a refined decor. The apartments are in the categories of luxury and economy, the former comprising four bedrooms and two sitting rooms, the latter consisting of one bedroom and one sitting room, thereby meeting both family and single tenant residential requirements.Special services are offered to customers free of charge, such as baby-sitting, household chores, including vacuuming, ironing, shopping and cooking, and provision of everyday household necessities. This service initiated by Huiyuan is the first of its kind in Beijing.

The Stress of Apartment Hunting

APARTMENT hunting in China is a roller-coaster ride of hits and misses where maintaining a sense of humor and monk-like level of patience is advised. Step one to finding an apartment is finding an agent. This is essential for anyone too busy to hunt down his or her own home away from home.

Analysis of a Pull-Apart Basin and Its Associated Fractures in the Woodford Shale, Central Oklahoma

Pull-apart basins are faulting and folding zones with high intensity of fractures that strongly affect the production in unconventional shale gas. While most observations of pull-apart basins were from surface mapping or laboratory experiments, we investigated a nascent pull-apart basin in the subsurface. We characterized a nascent pull-apart basin along the strike-slip fault within the Woodford Shale by using seismic attributes analyses, including coherence, dip-azimuth, and curvature. The results indicate a 32 km long, N-S striking strike-slip fault that displays a distinct but young pull-apart basin, which is ~1.6 km by 3.2 km in size and is bounded by two quasi-circular faults. The curvature attribute map reveals two quasi-circular folds, which depart from the main strike-slip fault at ~25°, resulting in an elliptical basin. Inside the basin, a series of echelon quasi-circular normal faults step into the bottom of the basin with ~80 m of total subsidence. We propose that the controls of the shape of pull-apart basin are the brittleness of the shale, and we suggest proper seismic attributes as a useful tool for investigating high fracture intensity in the subsurface for hydrofracturing and horizontal drilling within the shale.

原研门冬胰岛素30注射液的药品不良反应/药品不良事件风险信号挖掘与用药启示

目的:挖掘门冬胰岛素30注射液原研品种的药品不良反应/药品不良事件(ADR/ADE)风险信号,为我国仿制品种的临床安全应用提供参考。方法:运用报告比值比法(ROR)、比例报告比法(PRR)和综合标准法(MHRA),对2004年第1季度至2022年第4季度美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统(FAERS)数据库中门冬胰岛素30注射液的ADR/ADE报告进行风险信号挖掘。结果:在FAERS数据库中收集到门冬胰岛素30注射液的ADR/ADE报告2 344例。运用3种方法检测出首选术语(PT)层级信号137个,累及21个系统器官分类(SOC),在标准Med DRA分析查询(SMQ)层级检测出风险信号24个。分别按照SOC报告数、PT的信号强度、SMQ的报告数和信号强度排序,低血糖及低血糖导致的各种临床表现为最常见的ADR/ADE。挖掘出血糖升高、体重增加、胰岛素自身免疫综合征和各种新生儿疾病是药品说明书中未提及的ADR/ADE,对以上信号的临床指导意义进行了分析。结论:门冬胰岛素30注射液的药品说明书中未记载的血糖升高、体重增加、胰岛素自身免疫性综合征等ADR/ADE,需在用药过程中格外注意;一般妊娠期不建议使用门冬胰岛素30注射液控制血糖。

改造型长租公寓特色空间设计探讨——以工业建筑改造为例

随着城市发展,一、二线城市房价上涨、流动人口增加,以及文化观念进步,人们的租住需求扩大并向多元化发展。同时,城市中心扩张和产业升级导致城市内大量工业建筑被闲置。基于此,文章探讨了各类工业建筑向长租公寓转型的可能性,结合多层工业建筑的空间特色,论证了其变性改造的可能性,并结合实际案例总结了由闲置工业建筑改造的长租公寓的特色空间营造设计策略,为后续工业建筑租赁化改造类设计提供参考。

HUL视角下中国近现代公寓建筑遗产谱系研究

建筑遗产谱系研究对于城乡建筑遗产保护与文化传承工作具有指导意义。中国近现代历史公寓是一种特殊的建筑遗产类型,其与中国近现代国家、城市发展历史背景紧密关联,具有城市历史景观属性。以谱系视角切入公寓建筑遗产研究,借鉴城市历史景观理论,建构了以建筑功能类型和历史范型关联解析为研究路径,以时期划分、语境解析、特征识别、谱系建构为研究步骤,以建筑属性特征3要素(区位条件、权属主体、称谓方式)和形态特征3要素(空间组织、形体轮廓、装饰细部)为研究要素的城市建筑遗产谱系研究方法。通过多样区、多时段关联解析,梳理、识别出1840年—1980年间中国公寓建筑建造的历史语境、多元特征和时代价值,并据此建构出以住宅、宿舍、旅社3大类及其9亚类、18小类功能类型和以开埠通商、民族革命、抗战斗争、解放建国初、人民公社与三线建设5阶段22类历史范型为类属坐标的中国近现代公寓建筑遗产谱系。相关方法、结论可为城市建筑遗产谱系研究和公寓建筑遗产保护实践提供参考。

基于空间公平视角的保障房公共服务设施评价——以杭州市蓝领公寓为例

蓝领公寓作为面向低收入外来流动人口的保障性住房,其公共服务设施配套水平直接影响居住人群的生活质量和社会公平正义感知。基于空间公平内涵,从可达性、多样性和适配性3个维度构建面向保障房公共服务设施空间公平的分析框架。以杭州市蓝领公寓为例,结合大数据和小数据(问卷和访谈),运用最小距离、香农—威纳指数、满意度等指标,对配套的医疗、公园、公共交通与便民服务等4类设施进行实证评价。研究结果显示:现有设施综合可达性水平一般,呈现多片区集聚的空间分异格局;设施综合多样性水平中等,单类设施多样性水平差异显著;设施供需适配性较好,但蓝领公寓居民对配套公共服务设施已体现出差异化需求。基于此,从改善设施综合可达性、提升设施多样性和促进设施供需适配性等方面提出对策建议,以期推动蓝领公寓公共服务设施更加均衡公平发展。

城市“空巢青年”生活居住服务设计

本文通过对“空巢”青年在特殊信息化背景下的需求进行分析,探讨了面向该群体的服务设计趋势和发展前景。深入研究了“空巢”现象的成因和生活特点,发现这一群体在生活、饮食和社交方面面临新的挑战。在多元文化的背景下,通过与相关个案的比较研究,提出了针对“空巢族”特殊需求的可实现方案,包括重组共享和接触互通,以整合多元业务,构想更为清晰的服务设计方案。这反映了服务设计在适应社会变革和个体需求方面的不断创新,为空巢年轻群体提供更贴近生活实际的服务。