Influence of decorative materials on cooling load of residential apartments

The influence of a polyvinyl chloride（PVC）-panel on the cooling load of a residential apartment in Mashad,Iran,is analyzed by the DeST-h software.And the summer natural ventilation of the residential apartment is investigated to determine the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics software.The evaluation results of the indoor wind velocity show that most parts of the apartment are comfortable.The cooling load of the penthouse can be decreased about 10.5% or 6.5% when an air layer exists or does not exist between the ceiling and the PVC-panel,respectively,indicating that the existence of the air layer can decrease the cooling load.However,the effect of the increase in the air layer＇s thickness on the decrease in the cooling load is obvious.Adding a thin layer of air between the ceiling and the PVC-panel is a good step toward sustainable buildings.

A New Design of Student Apartment Bed Based on Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics

Aiming at the defects of the products available on the market at present and basing on the Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics, a new kind of student apartment bed which can prove its humanity more clearly is designed, and its design direction is gotten through the questionnaire and the design starts from the real actual needs of students. After the original design was finished, the later investigation on the students was engaged with and made the engineering analysis. The conclusion is that the sum of ＂perfect＂ and ＂good＂ membership rates is up to 64%, hence the comprehensive assessment of the design is perfect. That is to say, this design is able to realize and meet the needs of users, and there is no doubt that it will have a good business prospects.

Electricity consumption propensity of different household members in apartment house

South Korea is an energy-guzzling country.Economic reasons in the country force its households to save more energy.Household energy consumption in South Korea has grown slow compared to other sectors and household energy consumption per capita is lower than the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) average.However,its per capita electricity use soared and expected to keep climbing mainly due to the increasing number of one-person household.To establish effective strategy against a possible electricity shortage,the amount of electricity energy consumption needs to be understood clearly first.We adopted both general survey and detailed survey for people living in apartment housings and collected data on electrical instrument use according to individual schedule.Based on these data,we tried to analyze electricity consumption patterns resulting from energy using activities at home and find out electricity using tendency according to each family member's characteristics in apartment housings.

The Profit Model of Long-Term Lease Apartments Under Multi-Agent Supply

The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments have begun to emerge. However, under the multi-subject supply, longterm lease apartments have encountered problems such as small profits in their development. Starting from the background of the development of long-term lease apartments, this study classified the main types of long-term lease apartments, analyzed the four profit models of comprehensive profit, expansion of rent difference, REITs and value-added services based on their business models, and proposed corresponding suggestions on the profitability of long-term lease apartments according to the current situation of profit difficulty of long-term lease apartments and the lack of profit models.

Outdoor Environmental Landscape Design of the Apartment for the Elderly in Southern Cities of China

On the basis of environmental psychology and environment-behavior science, this paper took Beijing Oriental Sun City Elderly Apartment for example to explore outdoor environmental landscape design schemes of the elderly apartment suitable for geomorphologic features, climatic conditions, and humanistic background of southern cities against the background of population aging in China, so as to provide references for the outdoor environment construction for the elderly apartment.

The role of furniture in exposure to non-ionizing radiation in a residential apartment

This article concerns the sources of non-ionizing radiation in a normal inhabited environment. Measurements show that residents are exposed to non-ionizing radiation in levels both below and above the European normative. Excess is present due to the fact that, producers of electronic equipment and appliances, those who use them, as well as those involved in the construction of housing, have insufficient acquaintance with non-ionizing radiation. Producers are advised to increase the coefficient of safety towards non-ionizing radiation by renewing technology. Users are advised to operate apparatus with the lowest possible power, to minimise time exposed to sources, to maximise the distance from them and to renew their appliances. Construction workers should take non-ionizing radiation more into consideration when furnishing of houses.

Horizontal Fire Spread in a Contemporary Apartment Based on a Real Fire

The apartment fire tests comprise a set of two full-scale fire experiments in a dwelling building made from pre-fabricated concrete elements in April 2013. Two apartments were nearly identically furnished and fully instrumented with thermocouples, video cameras and gas extraction probes. The apartments were ignited successively whereupon the fire in the second apartment developed freely to post-flashover conditions and got the main focus in this report. The apartment was completely furnished with contemporary furniture and objects, and had an average fire load density for residential occupancy. A full description of the fire load, ventilation conditions and instrumentation are provided. The focus of this report is primarily to obtain conclusions on the horizontal spread of smoke throughout the apartment during the fire growth period. Velocities of smoke spreading were measured to be in the range below 0.05 m/s which means that the smoke migrated over the longest distance throughout the apartment for about 3 to 4 minutes while the flame did not leave the initial fire room. The main aim of the experiments was to collect a comprehensive set of data from a realistic and contemporary fire scenario to validate numerical simulations.

Ventilation of Apartment Buildings and Nursing Homes

The paper presents the results of the investigations into the indoor climate and energy efficiency of ventilation devices in residential buildings and nursing homes. The indoor climate studies discussed in the article were conducted in a nursing home where room ventilation is based on Meltem Air Handling Units (AHU). Similar studies have been carried out in apartment buildings where CO2 levels in bedrooms were compared before and after renovating the ventilation with Meltem AHU and installing exhaust fans in the bathroom/WC and kitchen. Tenants evaluate the use of Meltem AHU in apartments very positively. The article presents the efficiency results of Meltem AHU with different external air temperatures conducted in apartments in real-life situations. The study shows that skilful renovation of ventilation in old apartment buildings enables to achieve good indoor climate and energy saving at the same time.

Evaluation of Embodied Energy and Construction Costs for the Design of Low-Rise Apartments for Low-Income Residents in Surabaya, Indonesia

Low-rise apartments for low-income residents have been built in Surabaya in recent years. They have four stories and many rooms, and the dwellers are all small traders. Because these projects are built with funds from the government, the buildings are designed to consider the cost of construction, without consideration of embodied energy material. As a result, the buildings are not optimal in terms of embodied energy and construction cost. At present, because there are both concerns over global warning and a worldwide energy crisis, the embodied energy in a building is a very important concept for building design, because it can determine usage of energy in relation to natural sources, especially fossil fuels. This is part of the sustainable design concept. This paper describes research regarding： differences in embodied energy and construction cost between different wall materials, including brick, corn block and lightweight concrete in low rise apartments; the optimal relationship between embodied energy and building cost; and which factors determine these differences. The findings of this research show that lightweight concrete is the best material for the building walls; apartments for low-income in Surabaya still do not represent optimal construction design; and that sustainable buildings are cheaper than those that do not use this concept.

An Evaluation Method for the Potential of Old Apartment Buildings＇ Rehabilitation in Brazil

The rehabilitation of older buildings for residential use that started in the last few decades of the 20th century has become recurrent in some Brazilian cities. In Sao Paulo, for instance, this subject is within the context of the revitalization of its downtown area with the reintroduction of residential occupancy in the region as a consequence of actions taken by public and private groups. However, older buildings were designed based on the technologies and regulations available in the past and applied to meet the lifestyles of the time of their construction. This paper presents a method for the analysis of older apartment buildings, diagnosing their strengths and limitations in adapting to both the new Brazilian regulatory and legislative requirements, and the contemporary domestic demands. Requirements, criteria and methods for evaluation were studied, and defined as well as procedures for the application of a method which allows for a physical and systematic analysis of old apartment buildings. It was found that the proposed method can be an important support tool at the moment of studying the feasibility of rehabilitation processes, guiding and providing grounds for the design and building decisions of the professionals involved in these processes.

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF CORPORATE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES AMONG APARTMENT DEVELOPERS IN CHINA

In China corporate social and environmental responsibility(CSER)has gained increasing attention within industry and government.Evidence exists for significant attempts to promote CSER by the Chinese government.As a critical‘pillar’industrial sector,urban residential apartment development has been a major contributor to China’s national gross domestic product.This industry has also profoundly influenced social and environmental issues in the country.Thus,apartment developers in China have felt increased pressures to implement CSER practices.Little research has sought to investigate CSER in this industry,whether in China or globally.The objective of this paper is to empirically investigate,using a surveyed sample of 92 apartment development companies,CSER practices in this industrial sector.In the empirical analysis we find that CSER practices can be grouped into basic,environmentally-related and extended practices.We further compare these groupings of CSER practices among different sizes of apartment developers using multivariate analysis of variance and Scheffe multiple analysis tests.We also apply one-way analysis of variance and t-tests for comparisons of CSER practices among apartment developers from differentcities and with different ownership structures.The results show that apartmentdevelopers generally implement environmentally-related and extended CSER practicesat higher levels.Residential apartment development is occurring in more developedcities,and thus apartment developers in these cities face more pressures for CSERpractices.Joint ventures are more likely to implement environmentally-related CSERpractices.Research and managerial implications,and future research directions are alsopresented in this work.

Live in Huiyuan Apartments,and enjoy 21st century cyberspace

The Huiyuan Apartment complex is located within the Beichen Finance and Trade City near the Beijing Asian Games Village, and is owned by the Beichen Industrial Company Limited. Consisting of eight buildings, the apartments are beautifully structured, and feature an innovative architectural design. Huiyuan caters for foreign residents.Rooms within this 736 apartment complex are fully furnished, and equipped with the essential facilities of kitchen and laundry, all in a refined decor. The apartments are in the categories of luxury and economy, the former comprising four bedrooms and two sitting rooms, the latter consisting of one bedroom and one sitting room, thereby meeting both family and single tenant residential requirements.Special services are offered to customers free of charge, such as baby-sitting, household chores, including vacuuming, ironing, shopping and cooking, and provision of everyday household necessities. This service initiated by Huiyuan is the first of its kind in Beijing.

DESIGN OF A LOW-ENERGY ENVELOPE SYSTEM FOR AN APARTMENT BUILDING THROUGH AN INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS:A CASE STUDY

The potential to conserve energy in an apartment building in Toronto,Ontario,Canada through the implementation of an advanced envelope system was explored in this study.This paper illustrates the possibility in reducing energy demand through an integrated design process(IDP),where research outcomes were incorporated into the architectural design.Using the floor plan and schematics provided by the designer,a building energy model was established in an advanced simulation program to evaluate the performances of nine low-energy envelope design strategies in reducing the heating and cooling energy consumption.Through this study,it can be concluded that performing detailed energy simulations early in the design process to identify which low-energy envelope strategies can be omitted or substituted in the final envelope design is crucial in identifying the most effective strategies for improving energy performance.This study also demonstrates the potential of collaboration between academia and industry in generating high performance buildings.

The Stress of Apartment Hunting

APARTMENT hunting in China is a roller-coaster ride of hits and misses where maintaining a sense of humor and monk-like level of patience is advised. Step one to finding an apartment is finding an agent. This is essential for anyone too busy to hunt down his or her own home away from home.

Putting Faces to Names： Snapshots of Two Committee Meetings, 95 Years Apart, Emphasize Continuous International Cooperation in the Atmospheric Sciences

1.Introduction Spectacular advances have been made in the atmospheric sciences on a global level during a period of one hundred years or more,which is arguably most evident through"the quiet revolution of numerical weather prediction"(Bauer et

介词except(for)、besides、apart from及but for在实践中的应用

在英语作为母语的国家 ,人们在使用语言中重于语言在客观中的应用习惯 ,并以此来掌握一些常用词在生活中的正确使用形式和方法。而与此相悖的则是许多非英语母语国家的人们在学习英语中则重于一种语法的系统化 ,以一种不变的定式来使用这些常用词 ,造成在实践应用中的错误甚至于被误解。现以题目中一组词作为例子 。

Finite element modelling of the pull-apart formation: implication for tectonics of Bengo Co pull-apart basin, southern Tibet

The tectonic deformation and state of stress are significant parameters to understand the active structure, seismic phenomenon and overall ongoing geodynamic condition of any region. In this paper, we have examined the state of stress and crustal deformation during the formation of the Beng Co pull-apart basins produced by an enéchelon strike-slip fault systems using 2D Finite Element Modelling (FEM) under plane stress condition. The numerical modelling technique used for the experiments is based on FEM which enables us to analyze the static behavior of a real and continues structures. We have used three sets of models to explore how the geometry of model (fault overlap and pre-existing weak shear zone) and applied boundary conditions (pure strike-slip, transpressional and transtensional) influence the development of state of stress and deformation during the formation of pull-apart basins. Modelling results presented here are based on five parameters: 1) distribution, orienttation, and magnitude of maximum (σH max) and minimum (σH max) horizontal compressive stress 2) magnitude and orientation of displacement vectors 3) distribution and concentration of strain 4) distribution of fault type and 5) distribution and concentration of maximum shear stress (σH max) contours. The modelling results demonstrate that the deformation pattern of the en-échelon strike-slip pull-apart formation is mainly dependent on the applied boundary conditions and amount of overlap between two master strike-slip faults. When the amount of overlap of the two master strike-slip faults increases, the surface deformation gets wider and longer but when the overlap between two master strike-slip faults is zero, block rotation observed significantly, and only narrow and small surface deform ation obtained. These results imply that overlap between two master strike-slip faults is a significant factor in controlling the shape, size and morphology of the pull-apart basin formation. Results of numerical modelling further show that the pattern of the distribution of maximum shear stress (τmax) contours are prominently depend on the amount of overlap between two master strike-slip faults and applied boundary conditions. In case of more overlap between two masters strike-slip faults, τ max mainly concentrated at two corners of the master faults and that reduces and finally reaches zero at the centre of the pull-apart basin, whereas in case of no overlap, τmax largely concentrated at two corners and tips of the master strike-slip faults. These results imply that the distribution and concentration of the maximum shear stress is mainly governed by amount of overlap between the master strike-slip faults in the en-échelon pull-apart formation. Numerical results further highlight that the distribution patterns of the displacement vectors are mostly dependent on the amount of overlap and applied boundary conditions in the en-échelon pull-apart formation.

胰岛素apart和人胰岛素在1型糖尿病长期血糖控制中的比较：一项随机对照实验

比较胰岛素apart－－一种快速起效的胰岛素类似物－－和未经修饰的人胰岛素在1型糖尿病长期血糖控制中的疗效。在8个欧洲国家的88个研究中心对1070名年1型糖尿病患者行了为时6个月的前瞻，多中心，随机，公开标记的平行组实验。受试者按2：1的比例随机分为两组，分别在餐前给予胰岛素apart或未经修饰的人胰岛素治疗，并以NPH－胰岛素作为基础胰岛素，监测血糖控制情况的主要试验指标为:HbA1c，八点自测血糖情况，胰岛素剂量，生活质量，低血糖和不良事件的发生。6个月后，接受胰岛素apart治疗的病人其HbA1c指标好于人胰岛素组，两组HbA1c的基线校正差为0.12%Hb(95％可 间为0．03－0．22％），P＜0．02，八点血糖检测显示胰岛素apart组各主餐餐后血糖水平均低于人胰岛素组（平均组线校正值为－0．6－－1．2mmol/L,P<0.01)。而早餐和晚餐前血糖水平均高于后者（0.7-0.8mmol/L,P<0.01)。对治疗的满意情况胰岛素apart组显著好于人胰岛素组（WHO糖尿病治疗满意问卷（DTSQ），基线校正差为2．3（1．2－3．3），P＜0．001）。胰岛素apart组与人胰岛素组相比，严重低血糖发作的相对风险为0．83（0．59－1．18NS).胰岛素apart组出现需经静脉治疗的严重夜间低血糖明显减少（1．3比3．4％，P＜0．05），同样晚期后事件的发生（4－6h）也明显减少（1．8比5．0％，P＜0．005）。在改善1型糖尿病病人血糖控制情况，减少低血糖发作，提高生活质量方面，快速起效的胰岛素类似物胰岛素apart有着很实用的优点。