Research on Early Warning of Banking Crises from the Perspective of Credit Structures

The relationship between credit expansion and banking crises is complex and cannot be fully explained by total credit alone.A systematic analysis of the relationship between the amount and structure of total credit and banking crises is important for an objective prediction of the influence of potential financial risks.This paper,drawing on data from 15 selected countries,delves into the power of credit indicators in the early warning of banking crises from the perspectives of industrial structure,sector structure,and term structure of credit.Various machine learning methods were used,including Logistic Regression,Random Forest,Decision Tree,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Bagging,and Boosting models.The empirical findings indicate that credit expansion plays a crucial role in triggering banking crises.However,total credit is better suited for the early warning of short-term banking crises,whereas credit structure is more useful for the early warning of long-term banking crises.Moreover,in an early warning system,identifying key early warning indicators is more meaningful than merely increasing the number of indicators.Machine learning can somewhat enhance the early warning power,but it may not always be robust.Therefore,more attention should be paid to potential systemic banking crises resulting from an imbalance in credit structure while regulating the total credit threshold.

The Impact of the Monetary Policy During the COVID-19 in the Brazilian Banking Sector

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an outbreak on the global productive chains,transforming companies and society in general.Governments adopted anticyclical policies such as basic interest rates reduction as response.Brazil basic interest rate is denominated Selic.The application of these policies requires the protagonist of bank’s financial intermediation.This study aims to verify two events-under the perspective of the efficient markets’theory.The first is the communication of the first death by COVID-19-and the subsequent,Selic rate reduction to 2%p.a.-and its effects on bank’s shares prices.The hypotheses presented are:H1-The announcement of the first death by COVID-19 negatively impacts the banks’shares returns and H2-The announcement of the Selic interest rate-during the COVID-19-positively impacts the return of the banks’shares.We adopt event study methodology in a final sample of nine and 15 banks to Events 1 and 2 respectively.The results confirm H1 as well as the semi-strong informational efficiency market.H2 is not confirmed.Results confirm the non-effectiveness of the anticyclical policy of basic interest rate reduction.This contributes to the discussion about the impacts of COVID-19 and the efficacy of anticyclical policies.

ISO Certification and Technical Efficiency in the Banking Sector:An Evidence from WAEMU’s Countries Using the DEA Method

In the view of the international organization of standardization,the introduction of ISO standards is typical of quality management systems oriented towards strengthening the efficiency of enterprises.Business banks are not excluded from this requirement.The current study aims to evaluate the effect of ISO certification on the technical performance of WAEMU banks.Using BCEAO data(2020),the DEA model and Tobit estimates show that ISO certification has no effect on the efficiency scores of the banks in the sample.It is therefore appropriate for these banks to work on improving their business climate.

Private banking development in China under two organizational structures:Economic analysis from an organizational innovation perspective

This paper investigates optimal decisions for private banking development in China under two innovative organizational structures—the big retail mode(BRM)and the independent development mode(IDM).Under the BRM,the retail and private banking divisions form a cooperative relationship wherein the former transfers highnet-worth customers to the latter.In addition,retail banking receives a share of private banking revenues.We investigate the optimal revenue-sharing ratio between the two divisions and the optimal effort by private banking to serve transferred customers within the cooperative relationship.The analytical results show that as the private banking division becomes more developed,the optimal revenue-sharing ratio decreases,and the private banking division’s optimal effort to serve transferred customers decreases because it puts more effort into acquiring new customers.Under the IDM,the two divisions form a competitive relationship since they compete to acquire customers independently.We investigate customer acquisition efforts in this interdivisional competition.Optimal customer acquisition efforts by both divisions increase in potential assets and rates of return.This paper contributes to the literature by(1)analyzing financial innovation by private banks from an organizational perspective;(2)providing an economic analysis for private banking development in China.

Dental pulp stem cells and banking of teeth as a lifesaving therapeutic vista

Exfoliated deciduous or an extracted healthy adult tooth can be used to harvest,process,and cryogenically preserve dental pulp stem cells.Future stem cell-based regenerative medicine methods could benefit significantly from these mesenchymal stem cells.Teeth serve as a substantial source of mesenchymal stem cells,otherwise disposed of as medical waste.Care should be taken to store this treasure trove of stem cells.Collective responsibility of patients,dentists,and physicians is necessary to ensure that this valuable resource is not wasted and that every possible dental pulp stem cell is available for use in the future.The dental pulp stem cells(DPSC)inside teeth represent a significant future source of stem cells for regenerative medicine procedures.This review describes the ontogeny,the laboratory processing and collection,and isolation methods of DPSC.This review also discusses currently available stem cell banking facilities and their potential use in regenerative medicine procedures in dental and general medical applications in the future.

Does country risk impact the banking sectors’non‑performing loans?Evidence from BRICS emerging economies

This study aims to fill the gap in the literature by specifically investigating the impact of country risk on the credit risk of the banking sectors operating in Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa(BRICS),emerging countries.More specifically,we explore whether the country-specific risks,namely financial,economic,and political risks significantly impact the BRICS banking sectors’non-performing loans and also probe which risk has the most outstanding effect on credit risk.To do so,we perform panel data analysis using the quantile estimation approach covering the period 2004–2020.The empirical results reveal that the country risk significantly leads to increasing the banking sector’s credit risk and this effect is prominent in the banking sector of countries with a higher degree of non-performing loans(Q.25=−0.105,Q.50=−0.131,Q.75=−0.153,Q.95=−0.175).Furthermore,the results underscore that an emerging country’s political,economic,and financial instabilities are strongly associated with increasing the banking sector’s credit risk and a rise in political risk in particular has the most positive prominent impact on the banking sector of countries with a higher degree of non-performing loans(Q.25=−0.122,Q.50=−0.141,Q.75=−0.163,Q.95=−0.172).Moreover,the results suggest that,in addition to the banking sectorspecific determinants,credit risk is significantly impacted by the financial market development,lending interest rate,and global risk.The results are robust and have significant policy suggestions for many policymakers,bank executives,researchers,and analysts.

Open banking and inclusive finance in the European Union:perspectives from the Dutch stakeholder ecosystem

In the European Union(EU),the revised Payment Services Directive(PSD2)aims to provide more convenient and customized financial products through open banking(OB)platforms.However,little attention has been paid to the role of OB in improving the financial well-being of the growing number of the EU’s underserved groups,which currently constitute approximately a quarter of its population.This study examines how the PSD2 and OB impact inclusive finance in the EU based on the perspectives of the Netherlands’ecosystem,one of the leaders in the EU’s financial technology(FinTech)landscape.A fundamental distinction can be drawn between the OB users and the ecosystem’s players.Regarding the impact of financial services on the users’inclusivity,while the PSD2 strengthens the infrastructure necessary for financial inclusion,many challenges remain,mainly because it was not designed for this purpose.This study identifies several areas of improvement that include adjustments to the know your customer and anti-money laundering processes for underserved customers,innovative ways to communicate the PSD2’s potential,and the regulation of technology providers’activities to build trust.Meanwhile,from the ecosystem’s position,there is a need to strengthen and improve microfinance regulation according to the opportunities provided by the PSD2 to support microfinance institutions(MFIs)in scaling up and reaching underserved clients across borders with innovative services.OB improvements can also be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and FinTechs in collaboration with banks.Such hybrid institutions will combine the best features of each of them:knowledge of the needs of local underserved clients from MFIs,technological innovations from FinTechs,and large and trusted customer bases,infrastructures,and access to institutional investments and governments from banks.Finally,an EU inclusive OB sector depends on the centrality of trusted regulators as coordination bodies.The PSD2 requires adjustments for underserved populations’specific needs.OB improvements can be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and Fin-Techs in collaboration with banks.Regulated technical service providers(TSPs)are crucial to building trust and customer adoption in OB.The European Banking Authority(EBA)may function as coordination body to design inclusive rules by engaging with OB stakeholders.As inclusive finance moves into open-finance and data eras,an increasing regulatory complexity and scope will require networks of innovative and trusted regulators.

Data envelopment analysis for scale elasticity measurement in the stochastic case:with an application to Indian banking

In the nonparametric data envelopment analysis literature,scale elasticity is evaluated in two alternative ways:using either the technical efficiency model or the cost efficiency model.This evaluation becomes problematic in several situations,for example(a)when input proportions change in the long run,(b)when inputs are heterogeneous,and(c)when firms face ex-ante price uncertainty in making their production decisions.To address these situations,a scale elasticity evaluation was performed using a value-based cost efficiency model.However,this alternative value-based scale elasticity evaluation is sensitive to the uncertainty and variability underlying input and output data.Therefore,in this study,we introduce a stochastic cost-efficiency model based on chance-constrained programming to develop a value-based measure of the scale elasticity of firms facing data uncertainty.An illustrative empirical application to the Indian banking industry comprising 71 banks for eight years(1998–2005)was made to compare inferences about their efficiency and scale properties.The key findings are as follows:First,both the deterministic model and our proposed stochastic model yield distinctly different results concerning the efficiency and scale elasticity scores at various tolerance levels of chance constraints.However,both models yield the same results at a tolerance level of 0.5,implying that the deterministic model is a special case of the stochastic model in that it reveals the same efficiency and returns to scale characterizations of banks.Second,the stochastic model generates higher efficiency scores for inefficient banks than its deterministic counterpart.Third,public banks exhibit higher efficiency than private and foreign banks.Finally,public and old private banks mostly exhibit either decreasing or constant returns to scale,whereas foreign and new private banks experience either increasing or decreasing returns to scale.Although the application of our proposed stochastic model is illustrative,it can be potentially applied to all firms in the information and distribution-intensive industry with high fixed costs,which have ample potential for reaping scale and scope benefits.

After the Euro and Interstate Banking:Present Monetary and Financial Surfacing Conflicts 2023

This paper reconsiders the outcome of the adoption of a single legal currency in the 1999 Euro Act. Installing a central bank, several different solutions surfaced among the EU members and in the global economy, since the 1922 Genoa summit. The last Euro solution came after the severe, unexpected stock market crash on October 19, 1987. Furthermore, the sub-prime bubble 2007, the financial collapse 2008 and the final 2012 the banking melt down, induce to reconsider the overlapping monetary and financial fallouts. The 89 Interstate Banking Act and the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994, induce a monetary and financial evolving infrastructure. This paper focuses on the conflicts at the enlarging EU community seen the unavoidable monetary and financial integration, considering that the unique definition of the monetary functions as its essence is misinterpreted, in a clear common asymmetry affecting the whole evolving situation.

After the Euro and Interstate Banking:Fall-Out Hypothesis Euro-Reconsidered 2022

This paper revises the crucial outcome of adopting a single legal currency,within the environment of a classic based competing central bank infrastructure,in an uncertain monetary category definition class,from a generally closed economy,to a competing quasi-global market,for an unbiased monetary unit alone.The fallout effects of such a system include the transfer of capitals,the unavoidable reallocation of resources,and the non-homogenous economic development in different regional areas.The recent USA Interstate Banking Act experience,after the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994,constitutes a valid example of some necessary frameworks when opening a new financial operating infrastructure.This new paper focuses on the special conditions in the EU community States and the necessity-pending their financial integration-of a consideration of some likely negative fallout effects,in order to implement and consolidate some effective balancing measures.Nevertheless,the role that the globalization of the economic activity plays,especially in the financial community,is endorsing a rapid integration of the technology and operating techniques,that require critical volumes of trading and rapidly adjusting enterprise dimensions and operating techniques.The latter call for some form of institutional frameworks,considering the correct definition of the monetary function and its essence,requires a clear and unique common monetary framework.

Mobile Banking and Commercial Bank Performance Nexus in Zimbabwe (2011-2021): Impact and Implications

The study investigated mobile banking and commercial banks’performance nexus in Zimbabwe for the period 2011-2021.The investigation employed a pragmatic approach and a descriptive design.Primary data as well as secondary data were used to achieve the study objectives.Questionnaires,interviews and documentary guides were used to collect primary and secondary data respectively.There were 108 questionnaires distributed to staff members and customers of 6 sampled commercial banks in Zimbabwe having mobile banking experience.The interview guide was administered to bank managers to get a deeper understanding of the topic under research and as a mitigation strategy for addressing the flaws of the questionnaires.Analysis of quantitative data utilised descriptive analysis tools,correlations analysis tools as well as regression analysis tools whereas theme analysis was used for qualitative data.SPSS version 26 was used for this purpose.The study implications established that mobile banking and commercial banks’performance nexus in Zimbabwe was significant and also enhanced mobile banking security capabilities and strengthened commercial banks’performance.The investigation concluded that mobile banking’s success in enhancing commercial banks’performance hinged on its ability to allow the user to get easier,cheaper and timely access to services.However,the study results showed that the cost of mobile banking services,government policies and intense competition inhibited the uptake of banking services.Commercial banks are recommended to continue strengthening the security of mobile banking services and to boost their uptake by bank customers in Zimbabwe.

Banking of perinatal mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for stem cellbased personalized medicine over lifetime:Matters arising

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells(MSCs)are currently applied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.Numerous clinical studies have indicated that MSCs from different tissue sources can provide therapeutic benefits for patients.MSCs derived from either human adult or perinatal tissues have their own unique advantages in their medical practices.Usually,clinical studies are conducted by using of cultured MSCs after thawing or short-term cryopreserved-then-thawed MSCs prior to administration for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and medical disorders.Currently,cryogenically banking perinatal MSCs for potential personalized medicine for later use in lifetime has raised growing interest in China as well as in many other countries.Meanwhile,this has led to questions regarding the availability,stability,consistency,multipotency,and therapeutic efficiency of the potential perinatal MSC-derived therapeutic products after longterm cryostorage.This opinion review does not minimize any therapeutic benefit of perinatal MSCs in many diseases after short-term cryopreservation.This article mainly describes what is known about banking perinatal MSCs in China and,importantly,it is to recognize the limitation and uncertainty of the perinatal MSCs stored in cryobanks for stem cell medical treatments in whole life.This article also provides several recommendations for banking of perinatal MSCs for potentially future personalized medicine,albeit it is impossible to anticipate whether the donor will benefit from banked MSCs during her/his lifetime.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of seed rain and soil seed bank of artificial Caragana korshinskii Kom. forest in the Tengger Desert, China

Vegetation restoration and reconstruction are effective approaches to desertification control and achieving social and economic sustainability in desert areas.However,the self-succession ability of native plants during the later periods of vegetation restoration remains unclear.Therefore,this study was conducted to bridge the knowledge gap by investigating the regeneration dynamics of artificial forest under natural conditions.The information of seed rain and soil seed bank was collected and quantified from an artificial Caragana korshinskii Kom.forest in the Tengger Desert,China.The germination tests were conducted in a laboratory setting.The analysis of species quantity and diversity in seed rain and soil seed bank was conducted to assess the impact of different durations of sand fixation(60,40,and 20 a)on the progress of vegetation restoration and ecological conditions in artificial C.korshinskii forest.The results showed that the top three dominant plant species in seed rain were Echinops gmelinii Turcz.,Eragrostis minor Host.,and Agropyron mongolicum Keng.,and the top three dominant plant species in soil seed bank were E.minor,Chloris virgata Sw.,and E.gmelinii.As restoration period increased,the density of seed rain and soil seed bank increased first and then decreased.While for species richness,as restoration period increased,it gradually increased in seed rain but decreased in soil seed bank.There was a positive correlation between seed rain density and soil seed bank density among all the three restoration periods.The species similarity between seed rain or soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation decreased with the extension of restoration period.The shape of the seeds,specifically those with external appendages such as spines and crown hair,clearly had an effect on their dispersal,then resulting in lower seed density in soil seed bank.In addition,precipitation was a crucial factor in promoting rapid germination,also resulting in lower seed density in soil seed bank.Our findings provide valuable insights for guiding future interventions during the later periods of artificial C.korshinskii forest,such as sowing and restoration efforts using unmanned aerial vehicles.

Research on the Impact of the Digital Transformation of Commercial Banks

The development of the digital economy has presented both opportunities and challenges for the transformation of commercial banks.This article aims to conduct a literature review on the impact of digital transformation on commercial banks and to explore the multi-dimensional effects it brings.Through a review and analysis of relevant domestic and international literature,this paper first defines the connotation of digital transformation in commercial banks.It then conducts a literature analysis and research on the strategic governance,business performance,and risk management aspects of the digital transformation of commercial banks from multiple perspectives.Based on the analysis of the existing literature,the paper explores directions for future in-depth research and offers corresponding policy suggestions,providing a theoretical and practical foundation for the future digital development of commercial banks.

Research on the Impact of Digital Transformation on the Business Performance of Commercial Banks

Nowadays,with the development of the digital economy,commercial banks are actively conducting digital transformation.Studying the impact of the digital transformation of commercial banks on their operating performance can help commercial banks form a stronger core competitiveness and promote high-quality financial development.Based on the above background,this article first describes the status and development of digital transformation and development of commercial banks,and secondly analyzes whether Chinese commercial banks’digital transformation is conducive to improving their operating performance.Thirdly,by selecting the data of the listed commercial banks in the ten years of 2012–2022,this article obtains the empirical testing of the digital transformation on different property rights.Finally,the higher the level of digitalization,the higher the digital level,the more significantly promotes the performance of commercial banks.Finally,based on the above analysis,this article puts forward feasibility opinions on commercial banks and related regulators.

An Application of a Multi-Tier Data Warehouse in Oil and Gas Drilling Information Management

Expenditure on wells constitute a significant part of the operational costs for a petroleum enterprise, where most of the cost results from drilling. This has prompted drilling departments to continuously look for ways to reduce their drilling costs and be as efficient as possible. A system called the Drilling Comprehensive Information Management and Application System (DCIMAS) is developed and presented here, with an aim at collecting, storing and making full use of the valuable well data and information relating to all drilling activities and operations. The DCIMAS comprises three main parts, including a data collection and transmission system, a data warehouse (DW) management system, and an integrated platform of core applications. With the support of the application platform, the DW management system is introduced, whereby the operation data are captured at well sites and transmitted electronically to a data warehouse via transmission equipment and ETL (extract, transformation and load) tools. With the high quality of the data guaranteed, our central task is to make the best use of the operation data and information for drilling analysis and to provide further information to guide later production stages. Applications have been developed and integrated on a uniform platform to interface directly with different layers of the multi-tier DW. Now, engineers in every department spend less time on data handling and more time on applying technology in their real work with the system.

Multi-Tier数据库应用程序及在Delphi中的实现

介绍了多层数据库应用程序的基本原理及其在Delphi中的实现技术,并以其在学分制教务管理系统开发的程序为原型,通过实例讲述在Delphi中实现Multi-Tier技术的步骤和要点。

Delphi中Multi-Tier结构的应用浅析

Multi Tier结构是目前分布式系统的主要应用结构,本文首先对传统的Two Tier结构数据库和Multi Tier结构数据库系统进行了比较,然后以三层数据库应用系统为例介绍Multi Tier结构应用的构建过程,并以一个实例加以说明。

使用Multi-Tier技术架构Web应用系统

Web系统目前被广泛应用于Internet/Intranet,随着网络的发展,传统的CGI/ISAPI标准结构已不能满足需要,本文介绍了Delphi的InternetExpress和DatabasePooling等Multi Tier技术,通过对CGI/ISAPI结构与InternetExpress结构的比较,介绍使用InternetExpress技术结合MST(MicrosoftTransactionServer)构建基于Web的三层结构系统的架构过程。并以开发实例加以说明。

基于Auto bank的某水库大坝渗流安全评价

以富水水库为例,依托达西定律和渗流理论基础,并结合Auto bank有限元软件分析了水库在正常高水位、设计洪水位、校核洪水位下坝体及坝基的渗流状况,计算结果表明水库日渗漏量远小于允许日渗漏量,水库渗漏量满足规范要求。大坝各工况最大渗透坡降均小于规范允许值,渗透变形满足规范要求。左坝肩存绕渗现象,建议加强监测。