Understanding the superior mechanical properties of Mg-3Al-Zn alloy sheets:Role of multi-type unique textures

Mg-3Al-1Zn(AZ31)sheets were produced by transverse gradient extrusion(TGE)process.The flow behavior and dynamic recrystallization during extrusion were systematically analyzed.The microstructures,textures,and mechanical behavior of extruded AZ31 sheet were also analyzed and compared with conventional extruded(CE)sheet.The results showed that fine grain structure and multi-type unique textures were formed in TGE sheet because of the generation of extra flow velocity along transverse direction(TD)and flow velocity gradient along extrusion direction(ED)during extrusion.The basal poles gradually deviated away normal direction(ND)from edge to center of the TGE sheet along TD,and the largest inclination angle at center region reached around 65°.Furthermore,the basal poles inclined from ED to TD 40°-63°,except for the center region of TGE sheet.The TGE sheet presented higher ductility and strain hardening exponent(n-value),but lower yield strength and Lankford value(r-value)in comparison with the CE sheet.Both the basal<a>slip and tensile twins were easy to be activated during deformation,and the largest elongation of 41%and the lowest yield strength of 86.5 MPa were obtained for the ED-center sample in the TGE sheet.

Multi-type ant system algorithm for the time dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows

The time dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows（TDVRPTW） is considered. A multi-type ant system（MTAS） algorithm hybridized with the ant colony system（ACS）and the max-min ant system（MMAS） algorithms is proposed. This combination absorbs the merits of the two algorithms in solutions construction and optimization separately. In order to improve the efficiency of the insertion procedure, a nearest neighbor selection（NNS） mechanism, an insertion local search procedure and a local optimization procedure are specified in detail. And in order to find a balance between good scouting performance and fast convergence rate, an adaptive pheromone updating strategy is proposed in the MTAS. Computational results confirm the MTAS algorithm＇s good performance with all these strategies on classic vehicle routing problem with time windows（VRPTW） benchmark instances and the TDVRPTW instances, and some better results especially for the number of vehicles and travel times of the best solutions are obtained in comparison with the previous research.

Multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction for building structures: Experimental investigations

Estimation of lateral displacement and acceleration responses is essential to assess safety and serviceability of high-rise buildings under dynamic loadings including earthquake excitations. However, the measurement information from the limited number of sensors installed in a building structure is often insufficient for the complete structural performance assessment. An integrated multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction method has thus been proposed by the authors to tackle this problem. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, an experimental investigation using a cantilever beam with multi-type sensors is performed and reported in this paper. The experimental setup is first introduced. The finite element modelling and model updating of the cantilever beam are then performed. The optimal sensor placement for the best response reconstruction is determined by the proposed method based on the updated FE model of the beam. After the sensors are installed on the physical cantilever beam, a number of experiments are carried out. The responses at key locations are reconstructed and compared with the measured ones. The reconstructed responses achieve a good match with the measured ones, manifesting the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Besides, the proposed method is also examined for the cases of different excitations and unknown excitation, and the results prove the proposed method to be robust and effective. The superiority of the optimized sensor placement scheme is finally demonstrated through comparison with two other different sensor placement schemes： the accelerometer-only scheme and non-optimal sensor placement scheme. The proposed method can be applied to high-rise buildings for seismic performance assessment.

Study on the Effect of Multi-Type Current Transformers Hybrid Operation on Differential Protection of the Bus Based on Dynamic Simulation

This paper analyzes characteristics of multi type current transformers hybrid operation for each branch of the bus and their effects on differential protection of the bus. By theoretically analyzing transmission characteristics of multi type current transformers and their influence factors, we study the dynamic model testing method of multi type current transformers for the bus, and design 3 kinds of testing schemes by making the equivalent model based on the field of P-level current transformer, TPY-level current transformer and electronic current transformer, and build the hybrid operation testing platform of multi type current transformers. Finally, we compare and analyze the transmission characteristics difference of multi type current transformers on the same branch and the characteristics difference of hybrid operation in two successive external faults, analyze the cause behind the differences, and put forward the corresponding improvement measures.

Inferring Multi-Type Birth-Death Parameters for a Structured Host Population with Application to HIV Epidemic in Africa

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dynamics in Africa are purely characterised by sparse sampling of DNA sequences for individuals who are infected. There are some sub-groups that are more at risk than the general population. These sub-groups have higher infectivity rates. We came up with a likelihood inference model of multi-type birth-death process that can be used to make inference for HIV epidemic in an African setting. We employ a likelihood inference that incorporates a probability of removal from infectious pool in the model. We have simulated trees and made parameter inference on the simulated trees as well as investigating whether the model distinguishes between heterogeneous and homogeneous dynamics. The model makes fairly good parameter inference. It distinguishes between heterogeneous and homogeneous dynamics well. Parameter estimation was also performed under sparse sampling scenario. We investigated whether trees obtained from a structured population are more balanced than those from a non-structured host population using tree statistics that measure tree balance and imbalance. Trees from non-structured population were more balanced basing on Colless and Sackin indices.

Cooperative task assignment of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles using a modifed genetic algorithm with multi-type genes

The task assignment problem of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs）, concerned with cooperative decision making and control, is studied in this paper. The heterogeneous vehicles have different operational capabilities and kinematic constraints, and carry limited resources （e.g., weapons） onboard. They are designated to perform multiple consecutive tasks cooperatively on multiple ground targets. The problem becomes much more complicated because of these terms of heterogeneity. In order to tackle the challenge, we modify the former genetic algorithm with multi-type genes to stochastically search a best solution. Genes of chromo- somes are different, and they are assorted into several types according to the tasks that must be performed on targets. Different types of genes are processed specifically in the improved genetic operators including initialization, crossover, and mutation. We also present a mirror representation of vehicles to deal with the limited resource constraint. Feasible chromosomes that vehicles could perform tasks using their limited resources under the assignment are created and evolved by genetic operators. The effect of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in numerical simulations. The results show that it effectively provides good feasible solutions and finds an optimal one.

Multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction for structural health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges

This study is devoted to the experimental validation of the multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction method for structural health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges. The method for multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction is briefly described. A test bed, comprising of a physical model and an updated finite element （P-E） model of a long-span suspension bridge is also concisely introduced. The proposed method is then applied to the test bed; the equation of motion of the test bed subject to ground motion, the objective function for sensor location optimization, the principles for mode selection and multi-type response reconstruction are established. A numerical study using the updated FE model is performed to select the sensor types, numbers, and locations. Subsequently, with the identified sensor locations and some practical considerations, fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensors, laser displacement transducers, and accelerometers are installed on the physical bridge model. Finally, experimental investigations are conducted to validate the proposed method. The experimental results show that the reconstructed responses using the measured responses from the limited number of multitype sensors agree well with the actual bridge responses. The proposed method is validated to be feasible and effective for the monitoring of structural behavior of longspan suspension bridges.

Day-ahead Scheduling of Multi-carrier Energy Systems with Multi-type Energy Storages and Wind Power

The integration of large-scale wind power brings challenges to the operation of integrated energy systems(IES).In this paper,a day-ahead scheduling model for IES with wind power and multi-type energy storage is proposed in a scenario-based stochastic programming framework.The structure of the IES consists of electricity,natural gas,and heating networks which are all included in the model.Operational constraints for IES incorporating multi-type energy storage devices are also considered.The constraints of the electricity network,natural gas network and heating network are formulated,and non-linear constraints are linearized.The calculation method for the correlation of wind speed between wind farms based on historical data is proposed.Uncertainties of correlated wind power were represented by creating multiple representative scenarios with different probabilities,and this was done using the Latin hyper-cube sampling(LHS)method.The stochastic scheduling model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming(MILP)problem with the objective function of minimizing the total expected operation cost.Numerical results on a modified PJM 5-bus electricity system with a seven-node natural gas system and a six-node heating system validate the proposed model.The results demonstrate that multi-type energy storage devices can help reduce wind power curtailments and improve the operational flexibility of IES.

Equivalent model of multi-type distributed generators under faults with fast-iterative calculation method based on improved PSO algorithm

There are various types of distributed generators (DGs) with different grid integration strategies. The transient characteristics of the fault currents provided by the DGs are different to those of conventional synchronous generators. In this paper, a distribution network with multi-type DGs is investigated, including consideration of DG low-voltage ride through (LVRT). The fault current characteristics of two typical DGs, i.e. an inverter-interfaced distributed generator (IIDG) and a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), are analyzed, considering the specific operation modes. Based on analysis of the fault characteristics, an equivalent model of the multi-type DGs under symmetrical/asymmetrical fault conditions is established. A fast-iterative fault calculation method for enhancing the calculation efficiency while avoiding local convergence is then proposed using an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A simulation system of the distribution network with multi-type DGs is established in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results validate the high accuracy and calculation efficiency of the proposed calculation method of the fault components. This can assist in the settings of the protection threshold.

Almost sure, L1-and L2-growth behavior of supercritical multi-type continuous state and continuous time branching processes with immigration

Under a first order moment condition on the immigration mechanism,we show that an appropriately scaled supercritical and irreducible multi-type continuous state and continuous time branching process with immigration(CBI process)converges almost surely.If an x log(x)moment condition on the branching mechanism does not hold,then the limit is zero.If this x log(x)moment condition holds,then we prove L1 convergence as well.The projection of the limit on any left non-Perron eigenvector of the branching mean matrix is vanishing.If,in addition,a suitable extra power moment condition on the branching mechanism holds,then we provide the correct scaling for the projection of a CBI process on certain left non-Perron eigenvectors of the branching mean matrix in order to have almost sure and L1 limit.Moreover,under a second order moment condition on the branching and immigration mechanisms,we prove L2 convergence of an appropriately scaled process and the above-mentioned projections as well.A representation of the limits is also provided under the same moment conditions.

Nonlinear stability of traveling waves for a multi-type SIS epidemic model

The nonlinear stability of traveling waves for a multi-type SIS epidemic model is inves- tigated in this paper. By using the comparison principle together with the weighted energy function, we obtain the exponential stability of traveling wavefront with large wave speed. The initial perturbation around the traveling wavefront decays exponen- tially as x → -∞, but it can be arbitrarily large in other locations.

生鲜蔬菜来源的蜡样芽胞杆菌毒力基因分布与MLST分析

为了解生鲜蔬菜来源蜡样芽胞杆菌的分子流行病学特征,采用PCR技术对来自5种生鲜蔬菜的37株蜡样芽胞杆菌分离株进行了毒力基因(nheA、nheB、nheC、hblA、hblC、hblD、entFM、cytK、ces)检测和多位点序列分型(MLST)分析。结果表明:37株分离株除呕吐毒素基因ces未检出外,其他8个毒力基因均有检出,其中溶血性肠毒素基因nheB的检出率最高,为94.6%,其次为溶血素基因hblC、hblD、hblA和肠毒素基因entFM,检出率均超过80%,溶血性肠毒素基因nheA和nheC检出率较低,分别为78.4%和64.9%;细胞毒素基因cytK的检出率最低,为29.7%。根据毒力基因携带模式,将37株分离菌株分成14个型别,II型携带率最高,携带Hbl和Nhe两种基因的型别有I型、II型和IV型。MLST分析则发现,37株分离菌株可分为30个ST型和5个CC群。ST4和ST378为主要ST型;CC142分布最广泛,不仅包含的ST型最多,而且携带5种毒力型别。以上结果表明,上海市蔬菜中蜡样芽胞杆菌具有潜在肠毒性危害并在遗传上呈现出多样性。该结果对蔬菜中蜡样芽胞杆菌引起食物的监控、预警和爆发后感染源追踪具有指导意义。

多连杆式下斜刃横切剪剪切力数值分析

针对多连杆式下斜刃横切剪剪切力求解问题,采用有限单元法建立了数值求解模型。用装配后的实物进行了剪切实验,将数值解和实验解、文献解进行对比,三者结果之间比较吻合,验证了数值求解模型合理性。对不同带材厚度h、剪刃侧向间隙Δ、下剪刃斜度tanα、剪切液压缸伸出速度v及上下剪刃磨损量ω下的横切剪剪切力分布规律进行了归纳。分析结果表明,下剪刃磨损对剪切力的分布影响大于上剪刃的磨损,剪切厚度为6mm的带材的最佳剪刃侧向间隙Δ可取为(0.4±0.1)mm、下剪刃斜度tanα可取为1/25、剪切液压缸伸出速度可取为(300±50)mm/s。提出了横切剪在设计、选型、电气调试以及实际使用过程中的一些建议。

基于PBL团队式多维协同的汽车创新人才培养研究与实践

该文从分析高校汽车人才培养面临的问题出发,提出基于PBL(Problem-Based Learning)团队式多维协同的汽车创新人才培养模式,结合武汉理工大学汽车工程学院的创新实践,探索汽车专业创新型人才培养新途径。实践证明,这种新型的人才培养模式可有效提升高校本科生和研究生的培养质量,为车辆工程专业创新型人才的培养提供参考。

2014—2022年北京市肠道门诊分离的肠出血性大肠埃希菌分子分型特征分析

目的 了解北京市肠出血性大肠埃希菌(enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli,EHEC)分子特征及流行趋势。方法 收集2014—2022年北京市肠道门诊分离到的肠出血性大肠埃希菌,通过药敏试验及全基因组测序及数据分析,以了解病原的药物敏感性及分子特征。结果 共收集到14株EHEC,其中4株为多耐药菌株;多位点序列分型(multi-locus sequence type, MLST)分析ST11型占比最高(5/14);血清分型O157:H7占比最高(6/14);全基因组单核苷酸分型(whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism, wgSNP)结果显示6株O157:H7菌株分成一簇,其他菌株分成一簇;14株北京分离到的EHEC和美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)网站下载的678株中国及周边国家分离的大肠埃希菌全基因组数据wgSNP分型,没有形成明显的地域性聚集,均以散发分布为主。结论 EHEC仍是北京市肠道传染病重要的病原菌,需要进一步加强EHEC监测。

药理学跨学科贯通式课程建设与实践

药理学是一门医学本科生基础课程,与各学科及应用有广泛的交叉渗透。本课程针对拔尖人才培养模式,建立高水平基础药理学师资队伍,深度挖掘课程思政元素,多层次融合,整合临床及科研资源并建立较完整的跨学科线上辅助教学课程体系,线下教学引入翻转课堂等多种教学形式,塑造贯通式多交叉融合的课程,培养以创新能力培养为核心的拔尖本科生人才。课程建设实施后,反馈良好,促进了医学本科生课堂教学的优化和教学质量的提高。

E型多连杆后悬架系统振动分析及优化设计

以某款国产SUV的E型多连杆后悬架系统为研究对象,分析其拓扑结构和运动学关系,并利用Adams/Car和Hypermesh建立刚柔耦合的后悬架系统运动模型。以车轮外倾角和外倾前束的变化量为优化目标,设置上控制臂和前束拉杆的内外点坐标值作为设计变量,在Adams/Insight中进行优化设计。通过优化前后仿真曲线对比,表明车轮外倾角、车轮前束变化量有所减小,运动学特性得到一定的改善。同时,在实车悬架平顺性试验中,进一步验证了仿真结果的准确性。

高效多刀位推进式全自动坚果取仁装置应用研究

坚果取仁是坚果加工过程中一道重要工序,取仁装置是该工序的主要设备。传统取仁装置分为人工取仁和人工协同取仁装置取仁,存在费时费力、自动化程度低、进料不均、效率低、质量差、易堵塞、不防滑等缺点。根据坚果取仁工艺存在的问题,研制出了多刀位推进式全自动坚果取仁装置,具有进料均匀、全自动、取仁效率高、取仁质量好、省时省力、不易堵塞和打滑等优点,经济效益和社会效益较好,有显著的推广应用前景。

节点链路同时映射的多类型服务资源编排算法

为了解决虚拟网络请求阻塞率较高和底层物理网络资源利用率较低的问题,提出一种基于节点链路同时映射的多类型服务资源编排的算法。在映射首节点时,考虑物理网络节点属性;在映射节点链路元组时,综合考虑物理网络节点属性和链路属性;在映射链路时,考虑网络链路属性,从而在包含多类型服务资源的底层物理网络中找到虚拟网络请求的映射策略。仿真结果显示,所提算法可以降低虚拟网络请求的阻塞率,提高物理网络多种类型资源的利用效率。

四川盆地灯影组多类型流体多期次改造作用下孔隙度演化的定量研究

选取四川盆地灯影组四段(灯四段)地层,在传统地质研究的基础上,引入多组分、多相态、温度—流体—化学多场耦合的反应溶质运移模拟技术,基于物质平衡和能量守恒原理,深入探究深层碳酸盐岩储层成岩过程中多类型流体与岩石相互作用的机制,分析计算多期次流体对储层孔隙的叠加改造,定量恢复地质时间尺度的孔隙度演化史。结果表明:灯四段地层受到大气淡水、海水、有机酸和热液4种流体多达6期改造影响,控制孔隙度的主要成岩作用为溶蚀作用、白云石化作用与胶结作用,矿物间以方解石—镁方解石—白云石之间的转化为主;不同类型的流体对储层的改造差异较大,充足的大气淡水为建设性流体,而海水、有机酸和热液均为建设性—破坏性共存的流体;多期次流体对储层的改造有叠加效应,储层最终的物性条件取决于多期次流体的综合改造,同时流体改造的顺序对储层孔隙度的演变影响也极大。